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Rajakumar, G. R.
- Nutritional Constraints for Nut Drop of Arecanut in Western Ghats Soils of Uttara Kannada of Karnataka in India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Foresry (U.A.S.), Sirsi (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, UHS Campus, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
1 Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Foresry (U.A.S.), Sirsi (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, UHS Campus, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 12, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 6-14Abstract
In recent years, nut drop in arecanut crop is becoming a common problem in Western Ghats soils of Uttar Kannada district. To find out the reasons for nut drop in arecanut, a research was conducted during 2010-11 and 2011-12 in the area involving survey of nut drop affected fields, collection of soil samples from the affected fields and their analysis. The soils were analysed for pH, EC, organic carbon, available NPK, DTPA-Zn and available boron. The soils of the area match with the laterite characters. The initial data (before onset of monsoon) indicated that the soils were acidic in lower depths while neutral in surface soils, low in EC, low in available P, DTPA-Zn and available boron. The available K was low to medium. However, the soils were found medium to high in organic carbon and available N. The soil samples were also collected after receipt of rainfall and analyzed. The results indicated that the soil pH was slightly lowered but EC and available K were lowered more as compared to intial values. Similarly the organic carbon and available N were increased but DTPA-Zn and available B were remained low and not affected much as compared to initial status. Depth-wise soil analysis indicated that surface soil were having more acidic pH, low salts, higher organic C, higher available NPK than sub-soils. Further, these were lowered after receipt of rain, particularly EC and potash. The available Zn and B remained deficient. The available K, DTPA-Zn and available B were found to be deficient in these soils and need to be corrected immediately after heavy rains. The nutrients and other soil properties status if not improved may become constraints for nut drop in arecanut. To improve the soil pH, it is necessary to apply lime / dolomite, to improve EC level and available potash status of soil there is a need to apply extra dose of potash to soil than the recommended dose. To increase available P in acidic soils, there is a need to apply rock phosphate. Since the available N is medium to high, the recommended N may be continued. The recommended dose of Zn and B have to be applied before onset of monsoon and if nut drop prevails these have to be applied immediately after receipt of rains.Keywords
Nutrient Constraints, Arecanut, Heavy Rainfall, Acid Soils, Laterite.
References
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- Anonymous (1996). NBSS & LUP Annual Rep., ICAR, Nagpur, pp.12.
- Bhat, N.T. and Mohapatra, A. R. (1981).Scientific management for arecanut soils of coastal Karnataka. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 42:436–438.
- Chandran P., Ray, S.K., Bhattacharyya, T., Srivastava, P., Krishnan, P. and Pal, D.K. (2005). Lateritic soils of Kerala, India: Their mineralogy, genesis and taxonomy. Australian J. Soil Res., 43 (7):839-852.
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- Processing of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Through Solarisation
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Hanumanamatti, Haveri (Karnataka), IN
2 Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre (U.H.S.), G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Forestry, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN
1 Agricultural Research Station, Hanumanamatti, Haveri (Karnataka), IN
2 Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre (U.H.S.), G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Forestry, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 14, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 211-214Abstract
Appearance of red or yellow colour in any of the black pepper berries of a spike indicates optimum maturity. During the production of black pepper, harvesting is done at this stage. Open sun drying method is prevailing in Uttara district of Karnataka and in any other parts of the country too. Traditionally, black pepper is sun dried on a floor coated with cow dung slurry resulting in poor quality produce with less per cent recovery, oleoresin, piperine and aroma and ultimately resulting low market price. In CFTRI technique, the pepper berries/spikes are dipped in boiling water for one minute and then sun dried to get a quality produce. However, it is cumbersome and requires skill. An experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sirsi and in farmer’s fields of Siddapur Taluk, Uttar Kannada. In T1 and T4 whole spikes and de berried berries were sun dried in open sun on cement floor, respectively. Whereas in T2 and T5 whole spikes and de-berried berries were processed by dipping in hot water for one minute and then sun dried. In T3 and T6 whole spikes and de-berried berries were processed in between polythene sheets (200 gauge) for 2-3 hours (till they become black) on first day and then sun dried for 3-4 days. The dry weight of the produce was recorded and per cent recovery was worked out. The samples were analysed for physical and chemical characteristics like bulk density, aroma, colour, per cent oil, oleoresin, piperine and moisture at IISR, Calicut. The treatments T3 and T6 recorded higher recovery of dry berries, good colour, higher aroma and higher market price. In large scale studies T6 performed better in recovery as well as quality parameters such as oleoresin and piperine contents.Keywords
Black Pepper, Salarization, Oleoresin, Recovery.References
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- Joy, C.M., George, Peter, Pittappillil and Jose, K.P. (2002). Drying of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using solar tunnel dryer. Pertanika J. Trap. Agric. Sci., 25 (1): 39-45.
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- Sodha, M.S., Bansal, P.K., Dang, A. and SHARMA, S.B. (1985). Open sundrying and analytical study. Internat. J. Dry. Technol., 3 (4): 517-527.
- Thomas (2002). Chapter 2 : Strategies to improve the quality of black pepper cultivated in Kerala. In Book : Principle of drying in solar tunnel dryer.