International Journal of Agricultural Engineering

K. Krupavathi ¹, K. Kishan ¹, H. V. Hema Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, Guntur (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Accurate discharge measurement in open channels is essential for water resources planning, water and sediment budget analysis, hydrologic modeling, reservoir operation, flood mitigation. Long-throated flumes are coming into general use in discharge measurement because they can be easily fitted into complex channel shapes as well as simple shapes. And also provide cost-effective, practical and flexible capabilities for measuring discharge. 'Winflume' software allows the user to calibrate the existing design and to make new design of long throated flume. Based on channel dimensions and conditions of canal an attempt is made to theoretically design a new flume to measure the discharge accurately. With so many iterations, three acceptable designs were considered with compound cross-sections. The three designs were further studied for hydraulic flow conditions. Among the three flumes, the flume with trapezoidal compound crosssection resulted the best performance.

Keywords

WinFlume, Discharge, Canal.

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K. Kishan ¹, K. Krupavathi ¹, H. V. Hema Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, Guntur (A.P.), IN

Abstract

For efficient and judicious use of water resources, an accurate design and high quality optimization of the check basin irrigation system is necessary. BASDEV of SURDEV model was used to evaluate the check basin irrigation system of size 30 m × 45 m for medium soils in Bapatla, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India, for an irrigation application depth of 75 mm with a stream size of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 lps. To optimize the efficiency of the design, the model was run varying the basin design dimensions and cutoff times. The outputs of BASDEV, is intended to improve the overall efficiency of basin irrigation system, provided optimum field dimensions for border irrigation in medium textured soils.

Keywords

Application Efficiency, BASDEV, Basin Irrigation, Surface Irrigation, Water Management, SURDEV.

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K. Krupavathi ¹, Raghu Babu Movva ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, Guntur (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Seawater intrusion is one of the most wide-spread and important processes that degrades groundwater quality by raising salinity to levels exceeding acceptable drinking water and irrigation standards, and endangers future exploitation of coastal aquifers. In India, the coastal region occupies some of the most potential aquifer systems of the country. Extensive research is being carried out in many parts of the world with the objectives of understanding the mechanism of seawater intrusion and improving the methods to control it in order to protect groundwater resources in coastal aquifers. The developed numerical models are based on different concepts. The investigations on possible impacts of climate change and seawater level rise on seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers revealed the severity of the problem and the significance of the landward movement of the dispersion zone under the condition of seawater level rise due to climate change. Sea level rise caused by global warming has become a ischolar_main cause, pressure from the increase in the quantity of saltwater that many will try to enter the fresh water aquifer. Future sea-level rise due to climate change is expected to occur at a rate greatly exceeding that of the recent past. For effective management of coastal aquifer system, it is necessary to thorough understand the aquifer geometry, distribution of the fresh water and saline water in the system, optimum pumping rates, movement of the fresh water saline water interface, tidal influence into the aquifer. Safe yield of the aquifer has to be evaluated and accordingly the extraction has to be restricted, remedial measures have to be done wherever sea water intrusion has taken place. This paper describes about sea water intrusion processes, extent, estimation and various control measures to combat the problem and for sustainable use of fresh water from different case studies undertaken at India, Australia, Netherlands, Brazil and United Kingdom.

Keywords

Sea Water Intrusion, Interface, Multi Electrode Imaging, Sea Level Rise.

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