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- Energetic Analysis of Rice Production:A Case Study of Rohtak District in Haryana
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 12, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 153-156Abstract
Paddy covers approximately 40-45 per cent of the total area covered by cereal crops in India. Rice production needs to be augmented to meet the growing demand. Rice crop cultivated under watery condition either by storing canal water or pumping water or both, by utilizing a lot of electric/diesel energy especially when pumping is carried out. The amount of rice production is a direct function of energy inputs and outputs. The aim of this study was to examine the operation-wise and source-wise energy consumption pattern in rice crop production in western agro-climatic zone of Haryana. The data was collected through a questionnaire by face to face interviews. The amount of energy consumed in seedlings, land development, land preparation, transplanting, irrigation, weeding, fertilizer, harvesting and threshing and transportation were calculated for rice crop cultivation. The energy inputs in seed, human, diesel, electricity, machinery and fertilizer were taken into consideration to determine the source wise energy that was used in rice production. The average energy input of large farmers (LF), marginal farmers (MF) and small farmers (SF) was observed to be 35589.38, 35251.64 and 31432.07 MJ/ha, respectively while output energy was 144730, 166309 and 172180 MJ/ha, respectively. Specific energy of small, medium and large category framers was 4.43, 5.12, and 6.25 MJ/kg, respectively. The result revealed that fertilizer consumed highest energy in case of small farmers and on the other hand electricity consumed the bulk of energy in case of medium and large category of farmer. The result also showed that energy ratio, energy productivity and net energy gain of all category farmers were lie between 3.89 to 4.26, 6.64 to 7.12 kg/MJ and 89236.17 to 94073.10 MJ/ha, respectively.Keywords
Rice, Energy input, Energy Output.References
- Deshmukh, S.C. and Patil, V.A. (2013). Energy conservation and audit. Internat. J. Scientif. & Res. Public., 3(8): 2250-3153.
- Faidley, L.W. (1992). Energy and agriculture. In: R.C. Fluck (Ed), Energy in farm production, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 1-12.
- Gill, K.S. (1994). Sustainability issues related to rice-wheat production system. In: Paroda, R.S., Woodhead, T. and Singh, R.B. (Ed.) Sustainability of rice-wheat production systems in Asia, FAO, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 30-61.
- Gleik, P.H. (1993).Water crisis: A Guide to the world’s Fresh water resources. Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment and Security, Stockholm Environment Institute, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 704.
- Harrington, L.W., Fujisaka, S., Morris, M.L., Hobbs, P.R., Sharma, H.C., Singh, R.P., Choudhary, M.K. and Dhiman, S.D. (1993). Wheat and rice in Karnal and Kurukshetra districts, Haryana, India: Farmers' practices, problems and an agenda for action, ICAR, HAU, CIMMYT, Mexico and IRRI Los Barios, The Philippines, pp.44.
- Kizilashan, H. (2009). Input-output analysis of cherries production in Tokat province of Turkey. Applied Energy, 86 : 1354-1358.
- Ladha, J.K., Pathak, H., Padre, A.T., Dawe, D. and Gupta, R.K. (2003). Productivity trends in intensive rice- wheat cropping systems in Asia. In: Ladha, J.K., Hill, J.E., Duxbury, J.M., Gupta, R.K., Buresh, R.J. (Ed.) Improving the productivity and sustainability of rice-wheat system, Issues and impacts, ASA Special Publication 65, ASA, CSSA and SSSA, Madison,WI, pp. 45-76.
- Seckler, D. Amarasinghe, U. Molden, D., De Silva R., Barker, R. (1998). World water demand and supply, 1990 to 2025: Scenarios and issues. Research Report 19, Inernational Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp. 105-107.
- Sharma, H.C., Dhiman,S.D. and Singh, V.P. (1994). Ricewheat cropping system in Haryana: Potential , possibilities and limitations. In: Dhiman,S,D,, Nandal, D.P., Om, H. and Singh,B. (Ed) Proceedings of a symposium on sustainability of rice-wheat system in India, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal, India, pp. 27-39.
- Singh, G. (2002). Energy conservation through efficient mechanized farming, Agric. Engg. Today’s, 24 (2) : 351-536.
- Singh, K., Kumar, V., Saharawat, Y. S., Gathala, M. and Ladha, J.K. (2013). Weedy rice: An emerging threat for DSR production systems in India. J. Rice Res., 1: 106.
- Sondhi, S.K., Kaushal, M.P. and Singh, P. (1994). Irrigaton management strategies for rice-wheat cropping system. In: Dhiman,S,D,, Nandal, D.P., Om, H. and Singh,B. (Ed) Proceedings of a symposium on sustainability of rice-wheat system in India, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal, India, pp. 95-104.
- Toung, T.P. and Bhuiyan, S.I. (1994). Innovations toward improving wateruse efficiency in rice. Paper presented at the Word Bank’s 1994 Water Resource Seminar, 13-15 December 1994. Virginia, USA.
- WEBLOGRAPHY
- Anonymous (2017). Accessed from agricoop.nic.in. Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmer Welfare.
- Energy use Pattern of Rice Production in Western Agro-Climatic Zone of Haryana
Abstract Views :221 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 12, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 186-190Abstract
Paddy covers approximately 40-45 per cent of the total area covered by cereal crops in India. Rice production needs to be augmented to meet the growing demand. Rice crop cultivated under watery condition either by storing canal water or pumping water or both, by utilizing a lot of electric/diesel energy especially when pumping is carried out. The amount of rice production is a direct function of energy inputs and outputs. The aim of this study was to examine the operation-wise and source-wise energy consumption pattern in rice crop production in western agro-climatic zone of Haryana. The data were collected through a questionnaire by face to face interviews. The amount of energy consumed in seedlings, land development, land preparation, transplanting, irrigation, weeding, fertilizer, harvesting and threshing and transportation were calculated for rice crop cultivation. The energy inputs in seed, human, diesel, electricity, machinery and fertilizer were taken into consideration to determine the source wise energy that was used in rice production. The average energy input of small farmers (SF), marginal farmers (MF) and large farmers (LF) was observed to be 28,238.83, 28,419.00 and 32,051.57 MJ/ha, respectively while output energy was 1,17,475, 1,22,915 and 1,24,900 MJ/ha respectively. Specific energy of large, medium and small category framers were 7.12, 6.48, and 6.44 MJ/ha, respectively. The result revealed that fertilizer, irrigation and electricity consumed the bulk of energy. The result also showed that energy ratio, energy productivity and net energy gain of all category farmers were lie between 3.89 to 4.26, 6.64 to 7.12 kg/MJ and 89236.17 to 94073.10 MJ/ha, respectively. Yield rice grain of large, medium and small category framers were 4500, 4450 and 4250 kg/ha, respectively.Keywords
Rice, Energy Input, Energy Output, Specific Energy.References
- Bockari-Gevao, S. M., Wam Ishak, W. I., Azmin, Y. and Chan, C. W. (2005). Analysis of energy consumption in low land rice-based cropping system of Malaysia. Songklanakarin J. Sci. & Technol., 27(4): 819-826.
- Canakci, M., Topakci, M., Akinci, I. and Ozmerzi, A. (2005). Energy use pattern of some field crops and vegetable production: Case study for Antalya Region, Turkey. Energy Conversion & Mgmt., 46 : 655-666.
- Chaudhary, V.P., Gangwer, B. and Pandey, D. K. (2006). Auditing of energy use and output of difference cropping systems in India. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR e-journal, ManuscriptbEE05 001, 87.
- Deshmukh, S.C. and Patil, V.A. (2013). Energy conservation and audit. Internat. J.Scient. & Res. Public., 3(8): 2250-3153.
- Faidley, L. W. (1992). Energy and agriculture. In: R.C. Fluck (Ed), Energy in farm production, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 1-12.
- Khambalker, V., Pohare, J., Katkhede, S., Bunde, D. and dahatonde, S. (2010). Energy and economic evaluation of farm operations in crop production. J. Agric. Sci., 2(4) : 191-200.
- Khan, M.A. and Singh, G. (1997). Energy inputs and potential for agricultural production in western Pakistan. Agricultural Systems, 54(3): 341-356.
- Khan, M.A., Ahmad, S., Hussain, Z., Yasin, M., Aslam, M. and Majid, R. (2004). Efficiency of water and energy use for production of organic wheat. J. Sci. Technol. & Develop., 24(1): 25-29.
- Kizilashan, H. (2009). Input-output analysis of cherries production in Tokat province of Turkey. Appl.Energy, 86 : 1354-1358.
- Mandal, K.G., Saha, K.P., Ghosh, P.K. and Hati, K.M. (2002). Bandyopadhyay, Bioenergy and Economic analysis of soybean-based crop production system in central India. Biomass & Bio-energy, 23: 337-345.
- Mittal, V. K., Mittal, J. P. and Dhawan, K. C. (1985).Research digest on energy requirements in agricultural sector. College of Agricultural Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) India.
- Singh, G. (2002). Energy conservation through efficient mechanized farming, Agric. Engg. Today’s, 24(2) : 351-536.
- Singh, K., Kumar, V., Saharawat, Y. S., Gathala, M. and Ladha, J.K. (2013). Weedy rice: An emerging threat for DSR production systems in India. J. Rice Res., 1: 106.
- WEBLOGRAPHY
- Anonymous (2017) Accessed from agricoop.nic.in. Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmer Welfare.
- Energy Auditing of Pearl Millet Production System in Dry Land Region of Haryana Agrcultural University in Hisar, India
Abstract Views :224 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 12, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 203-207Abstract
Pearl millet, also known as Bajra is one of the major Kharif food crops of arid and semi-arid cropping region of India. It ranks first under the category of millet in India in terms of area, production and productivity. An on-the-farm evaluation of energy inputs and output was calculated to determine the distribution of main energy sources (i.e. human, fuel, machinery, seed and fertilizer) used in pearl millet cultivation. This study was carried out at dryland farm area, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India. The results indicated that the total input and output energy use was 4785.52 MJ ha-1 and 29400.00 MJ ha-1, respectively. With 56 per cent, the fertilizer had the highest contribution in the energy input followed by diesel fuel (29%) and human (12%). The input-output ratio was observed to be 6.12. The share of indirect energy was found to be higher as compared to direct energy sources.Keywords
Energy Input-output, Energy Ratio, Pearl Millet, Yield.References
- Anonymous (2017). Agricultural statistics division directorate of economics & statistics. Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare First Advance Estimates of Production of Foodgrains for 2017-18.
- Avval Mousavi, S.H., Rafiee, S., Jafari, A. and Mohammadi (2011). Energy storage in field operations of maize production using data envelopment analysis approach. Internat. J. Energy & Environ., 2 (5) : 933-944.
- Chaudhary, V.P., Gangwar, B. and Pandey, D.K. (2006). Auditing of energy use and output of different cropping systems in India. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR e-journal, ManuscriptbEE05 001,8.
- Chilur, Rudragouda and Yadachi, Shiddanagouda (2017). Energy audit of maize production system of selected villages of North Karnataka, India. Internat. J. Curr. Microbiol. & Appl. Sci., 6 (8) : 3564-3571.
- Deshmukh, S.C. and Patil, V.A. (2013). Energy conservation and audit. Internat. J. Scient.& Res. Public., 3(8) : 2250-3153.
- Faidly, L.W. (1992). Energy and agriculture. In: Fluck RC, editor. Energy in farm production. Amsterdam: Elsevier; p. 1e12.
- Karimi, M., Rajabi, P.A., Tabatabaeefar, A. and Borghei, A. (2008). Energy analysis of sugarcane production in plant farms: a case study in Debel Khazai Agroindustry in Iran. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 4(2):165-171.
- Mani, I. and Patel, S.K. (2017). Energy consumption pattern in production of paddy crop in Haryana state in India. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa & Latin America, 43 (2) : 39-42.
- Mittal, J.P. and Dhawan, C.K. (1992). Research manual, All India co-ordinated research project on energy requirement in agricultural sector, college of Agricultural Engineering, Panjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) India.
- Naveen Kumar, D.B. (2011). Modification and evaluation of power operated maize (Zea mays L.) sheller. M. Tech. (Ag. Engg.) Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru (Karnataka) India.
- Sidhpuria, M.S., Sangwan, P.S., Jhorar, B.S., Mittal, S.B., Sharma, S.K. and Kumar, A. (2014). Resource conservation practices in rainfed rearl millet-energy input-output analysis. Indian J. Dryland Agric. Res. & Develop., 29(2) : 83-86.
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- Yadav, R.S. and Khandelwal, N.K. (2013). Effect of various energy inputs on energy requirement for wheat production in agro-climatic region (Kamore plateau and Satpura Hill), M.P. India. Internat. J. Engg. Res. & Applic., 3(3): 531-536.