International Journal of Agricultural Engineering

Ramulu ¹, A. K. Dave ¹, I. Srinivas ², B. Laxman ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur (C.G.), IN
2 Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN
3 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN

Abstract

Tillage is the most important unit and more energy consumption operation in agriculture. The most widely accepted method of tilling land is ploughing with plough and cultivators. These invert the upper soil layer, without proper mixing of soil, hence, these needs additional operations of rotavator and harrow to improve soil tilth on the ploughed land. The tractor mounted rotavator holds promise for overcoming these problems. Rotavator under dynamic loading, blades are subjected to fatigue and abrasive wear. Abrasive wear has been emerged as a serious problem in rotavator blades. It increases the down time and maintenance cost. The objective of this study was to identify the suitable material for reducing of wear of rotavator blades. For this study a preliminary survey was conducted in the region (Telangana) to know the popularity of rotavator and types of blades being used by farmers, it was found that L types of blades are more in numbers in the region with the two make of rotavators, from this study we have selected a two rotavator blades i.e. blade1 and blade 2. The study revealed that there was wide variation in element composition and mechanical as well as micro-structural properties of these rotavator blades, the wear loss percentage of blade1 higher than the blade 2 and It was also found in the study blades which are selected manufactured locally are hardly at par with the standards in terms of material.

Keywords

Rotavator, Abrasive Wear, Tillage, Hardness, Wear Loss.

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B. Laxman ¹, G. Shruthi ², G. Prasanna ¹, Ramulu ¹, Appla Anil Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Agricultural Engineering (A.N.G.R.A.U.), Madakasira (A.P.), IN
2 Department of Agri-Business Management, School of Agribusiness Management, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN

Abstract

Pennar is an important river of Ananthapuram district where 80 per cent of the district is drained by the river. Ground water levels were monitored from a network of 71 observation wells four times in a year. The depth to water level during pre-monsoon (2005) range from 2.53 to 19.67 m below ground water level. Less fluctuation is observed in the areas where the water levels were comparatively shallow during pre-monsoon and where the slope is less. Generally in kalluamarri village September, October, November are the months where in the ground water levels are increasing. Similarly during the months from January to May there is no recharge of ground water.

Keywords

Pennar, Ground Water, Kalluamarri, Fluctuation, River.

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B. Laxman ¹, A. Anil Kumar ¹, Ramulu ¹, G. Prasanna ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Agricultural Engineering (A.N.G.R.A.U.), Madakasira (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Rainfall is the major controlling factor in planning of agricultural programmes, design and management of any water resource scheme. India is predominantly an agricultural country with about 60 per cent of the cultivated area under rainfed conditions. The present study was carried for Ananthapuram district which is one among the rainfed areas in the country.The design rainfall is calculated from the probability analysis. It is assigned some probability level of occurrence or exceedance. The daily or monthly rainfall analysis for a wide range of applications extending from real time monitoring and prediction of flood events to initialization and validation of numerical weather prediction (NWP), climate analysis and climate diagnostic study. The study showed there is a large variation in the rainfall received yearly as well as Kharif and Rabi seasons. Similarly the co-efficient of variation is 39.15 per cent for yearly rainfall, 57.35 per cent for Kharif and 65.18 per cent for Rabi seasons this indicates the annual rainfall data are less variable and is more stable or more uniform. The probability analyses were conducted for the year 2001-2012. Probability of getting 2012 year wise as well as season wise the yearly rainfall is 731mm only five per cent and probability of getting 413mm is 94.9 per cent. It indicates that the last 12 years trend shows the yearly rainfall will not cross 400-500 mm which is the bench mark for designing the crops that are to be grown in Ananthapuramu district. Similar trends were noticed in the probability analysis in season wise. When analyzed statistically there was a negative correlation between water requirement and yield and similarly positive correlation between rainfall and yield, the results are reflected. The trend values are shown linearly dependent. There is a perfect linear dependency on the trend values. The actual crop water requirements are progressively decreasing from 2012 to 2020.

Keywords

Rainfall, Probability Analysis.

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