Indian Welding Journal

R. S. Chandel ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre of Mineral and Energy Technology, Physical Metallurgy Research Laboratories , Ottawa, CA

Abstract

The effect of welding current, arc voltage, electrode diameter, electrical stickout and flux type on the wire feed speed during AC submerged-arc-welding has been studied. The results show that wire feed speed is influenced by welding current, electrode diameter and electrical stickout. A mathematical model to predict wire feed speed from welding parameters has been developed from the data.

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R. S. Chandel

Abstract

There are many techniques for assessing the properties of spot welds, for example, destructive vs. nondestructive tests; qualitative vs. quantitative tests; tests for quality control vs. information for design; static vs. dynamic tests; and shear vs. tension tests etc.

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R. S. Chandel ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Materials Engineering, School of Applied Science Nanyang Technological University, Singapore-639798, SG

Abstract

Wear is the most important cause of component material loss and degradation in mining and mineral processing operations. Such degradation necessitates substantial maintenance effort along with scheduled and unscheduled interruptions in production.

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R. S. Chandel ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Material Engineering, School of Applied Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore - 639798, IN

Abstract

This is the second article in this series. This article discusses the fusion welding processes that are suitable for depositing hardfacings. These will be described with respect to their operating characteristics, consumable availability for these processes and the metallurgical characteristics of these deposits. Factors influencing the process selection will also be discussed.

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R. S. Chandel ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Materials Engineering, School of Applied Science, Nanyang Technological University - 639798, SG

Abstract

For a user, the ideal hardfacing deposit is one that will resist all types of wear described earlier. In reality the formulation and selection of consumables is governed by the predominant wear mode and by the economic considerations. These factors have led to the development and availability of a large number of hardfacing consumable compositions in a variety of forms.

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Zuruzi Bin Abu Samah ¹, R. S. Chandel ¹, T. Sritharan ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Materials Engineering, School of Applied Science Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639 798, SG

Abstract

The requirements placed on welding fluxes and the resulting slag are numerous. For instance the flux and the resulting slag must be able to contribute to arc stability, weld metal alloying, weld metal deoxidation, weld metal protection, ease of slag detach- ability, control of inclusions due to slag entrapment, hence the resulting mechanical properties, control of porosity, facilitating welding in various positions, among others (1, 2, 3). However, these requirements can be better fulfilled only if there is a good understanding of the many reactions occurring simultaneously at the slag metal interface during welding (1). This is because there are extremely complex interconnections between the aforementioned requirements and the reactions occurring at the slag metal interface. The aim of this article, therefore, is to present a simple overview of slag-metal reactions occurring during submerged arc welding.

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