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Gupta, M.
- Prostate Cancer: PSA and Other Diagnostic Modalities for the Early Diagnosis
Authors
1 Department of Urology, Lilawatii Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 67, No 7 (2014), Pagination: 436-440Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) in India is shown to have increased with increasing life-expectancy, use of diagnostic marker like prostate specific antigen (PSA) and changing life style. Prostate cancer occurs at an old age with peak incidence occurring after 65 years of age. Since PCa is often asymptomatic, screening for prostate cancer is essential for an early diagnosis in men above 55 years of age. PSA is the most widely used biomarker for the early diagnosis of PCa. However, the use of PSA as a screening tool for the early diagnosis of PCa has been controversial. The use of PSA combined with Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) improves the possibility of diagnosis of PCa. Imaging techniques are much more used for staging of PCa and for guiding of needle biopsy. The present review describes various diagnostic modalitieswith its merits and demerits, whether used for the early diagnosis of PCa in an individual patient by urologist or used for population screening purposes.
- Correlation between the Sputum Bacteriology and Lung Function in Patients with Stable Bronchiectasis
Authors
1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Pt B D Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Radiodagnosis and Imaging, Pt B D Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Pt B D Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Pt B D Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 70, No 6 (2017), Pagination: 20-26Abstract
Rationale: To study the correlation between the sputum bacteriology and lung function in patients with stable bronchiectasis.
Materials and Methods: 80 patients suffering from stable bronchiectasis belonging to both the sexes and age above 14 years were included in study. All patients were assessed clinically with detailed history and thorough clinical examination. Patients were subjected to assessment of microbiological flora in their sputum. Lung functions were measured with spirometry and parameters recorded were PEFR in l/min, FEV1 in litres, FVC in litres, and FEV1/FVC. Sputum samples of +1 and +2 grade were inoculated on blood agar, MacConkey's agar and chocolate agar at 37°C for 48 hours.
Results: P aeruginosa was seen as the most common colonizing bacteria and these patients had de-creased % predicted FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and PEFR with mean values of 43.61±14.6, 51.87±16.8, 79.83±14.6, 42.17±14.6 respectively as compared to patients of non P aeruginosa group. The % predicted FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and PEFR in non P aeruginosa group were 47.67±21.8, 59.32±22.8, 81.89±17.7, 49.58±21.7 respectively. Though the values of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and PEFR in P aeruginosa group were decreased they were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: P aeruginosa was the main colonizing bacteria especially in patients having air fluid levels on radiology which can also be a predictor of bacterial colonization. Lung functions were de-creased in patients having P Aeruginosa in their sputum as compared to non P Aeruginosa group but they were statistically not significant.
Keywords
Bronchiectasis, Sputum, Lung Function, P aeruginosa.References
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