A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Hassan, Solomon Joseph
- Hearing Thresholds among Type 2 Diabetics in Sokoto, Nigeria: A Comparative Study
Authors
1 Department of ENT, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, NG
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, NG
Source
International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 6, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 184-190Abstract
BACKGROUND: It has been observed that diabetics have higher hearing threshold when compared with non – diabetics. This is likely due to microvascular changes in the ear.
AIMS/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the pure tone audiometric profile of Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to compare it with non – diabetic controls.
METHOD: This was a cross sectional study. The pure tone thresholds of consenting Type 2 diabetic patients and non – diabetic controls attending Endocrinology and General outpatient clinics of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital was measured for both ears after administering a pretested questionnaire and examining the patients.
DATA ANALYSIS: The pure tone average was calculated. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 (IBM - SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).
RESULTS: This study involved 170 consenting type 2 diabetic individuals and 170 consenting non-diabetic age and sex matched controls. Mean age of type 2 diabetics was 46.49±10.02 years, and 45.39±9.60 years for controls. Among the type 2 diabetic group, 57.6% were females, while 42.4% were males. Hearing loss was observed among 71.8% of type 2 diabetics and 7.1% of controls. Mean hearing thresholds (AC) among the study group was 32.06±12.31dB, and 16.72±7.71dB among the controls (p<0.0001). Mean hearing thresholds were found to be elevated across all tested frequencies in type 2 diabetics, and the difference with the control group was found to be significant for all frequencies (p<0.0001). Among the type 2 diabetics with hearing loss, 95% had sensorineural hearing loss, 71% being mild hearing loss.
CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus was found to be related to hearing loss in this study. This study showed a crude prevalence of hearing loss among Type 2 diabetics of 71.8% and 7.1% among Non - diabetic controls.
Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus, Pure Tone Audiometry, Hearing Loss, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital.Full Text
References
- i. Gale EAM, Anderson JV. Diabetes mellitus and other disorders of metabolism. In: Kumar P, Clark Meditors. Kumar & Clark’s Clinical Medicine 8th ed. Spain: Saunders Elsevier; 2012; p 669 - 790.
- ii. Powers AC. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Longo DL, kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, et al editors. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine 18th ed. New York: McGraw – Hill 2012; p 2968 - 3003.
- iii. Bainbridge KE, Hoffman HJ, Cowie CC. Diabetes and Hearing Impairment in the United States: Audiometric evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; 1999 – 2004. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149: 1 – 10.
- iv. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, King H. Global Prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 1047 – 1053.
- v. World Health Organization. Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/. Last Accessed 24thJanuary, 2017.
- vi. Lasisi OA, Nwaorgu OG, Bella AF. Cochleovestibular complications of diabetes mellitus in Ibadan, Nigeria. IntCongr Series. 2003; 1240: 1325 – 1328. International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS).
- vii. Vaughan N, James K, McDermott D, Griest S, Fausti S. A 5 year Prospective Study of Diabetes and Hearing Loss in Veteran Population. OtolNeurotol 2005; 27: 37 – 43.
- viii. Kakarlapudi V, Sawyer R, Staecker H. The Effect of Diabetes on Sensorineural Hearing Loss. OtolNeurotol 2003; 24: 382 – 386.
- ix. Isa A, Mubi BM, Garandawa HI, Sandabe MB, Ngamdu YB, Kodiya AM. Diabetes mellitus, Glycosylated Haemoglobin levels and Hearing impairment in adults. Sahel Med J 2012; 15: 44 – 49.
- x. Ologe FE, Okoro EO. Type 2 Diabetes and Hearing Loss in Black Africans. Diabetic Medicine 2005; 22: 664 – 665.
- xi. Krishnappa S, Naseeruddin K. A Clinical study of age related hearing loss among diabetes patients. Indian J Otol 2014; 20: 160 – 165.
- xii. Akinpelu OV, Ibrahim F, Waissbluth S, Daniel SJ. Histopathologic changes in the cochlea associated with diabetes mellitus – A review. Oto& Neurology 2014; 35: 764 – 774.
- xiii. Makishima K, Tanaka K. Pathological changes of the inner ear and central auditory pathway in diabetics. Ann Otolrhinollaryngol 1971; 80:218 – 228.
- xiv. Kurien M, Thomas K, Bhanu TS. Hearing threshold in patients with diabetes mellitus. J LaryngolOtol 1989; 103: 164 –168.
- xv. Bainbridge KE, Cheng YJ, Cowie CC. Potential mediators of diabetes related hearing impairment in the U S Population. Diabetes care 2010; 33: 811 – 816.
- xvi. Onyemelukwe GC. Trends in Non-Communicable diseases in Nigeria. www.profgconyemelukwe.com/public-lectures. Last Accessed on 20th January, 2017.
- xvii. Buse JB, Polonsky KS, Burant CF. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In: Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, Polonsky KS, Melmed S editors. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology 12th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2011; p 1371 - 1435.
- xviii. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2013. http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas.Last Accessed 18th January, 2017.
- xix. Rajendran S, Anandhaalakshmi, Mythili B, Viswanatha R. Evaluation of the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Bio Med Res. 2011; 2: 982 – 987.
- xx. Anandhalakshmi S, Rajendran S, Mythili M. Evaluation of the auditory effects of hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus by using audiometry. J ClinDiagn Res 2011; 5:1528 – 1532.
- xxi. Acuna GM, Herrero L, Duran DC, Menendez – Arguelles ME, Vallejo VLA, Diaz SI. Diabetic Complications and hypoacusis. An otorhinolaringolIbero Am 1997; 24: 465 – 476.
- xxii. Cullen JR, Cinnamond MJ. Hearing loss in Diabetics. J LaryngolOtol 1993; 107:179 -182.
- xxiii. Akinpelu OV, Mujica – Mota M, Daniel SJ. Is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus associated with alterations in hearing? – A systemic review and Meta – analysis. The Laryngoscope 2014: 124: 767 – 776.
- xxiv. Gratton MA, Schmiedt RA, Schuite BA. Age related decreases in endocochlear potential are associated with vascular abnormalities in the stria vascularis. Hear Res 1996; 102: 181 – 190.
- xxv. Tachibana M, Nakae S. The Cochlea of spontaneously diabetic mouse. Electron Microscope observation of K K mice. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1986; 243:238 – 241.
- xxvi. Frisina ST, Mapes F, Kim S, Frisina DR, Frisina RD. Characterization of hearing loss in aged type II diabetics. Hear Res 2006; 211: 103 – 113.
- xxvii. Jankar DS, Bodhe CD, Bhutada TB. A study on hearing loss in type II diabetics. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2013; 2: 893 – 898.
- xxviii. Sturzbecher E, Werbs M. Influence of age, sex and hearing loss on auditory brainstem response (ABR) latencies. ScandAudiol 1988; 17:248 – 250.
- xxix. Taylor IG, Irwin J. Some audiological aspects of diabetes mellitus. J LaryngolOtol 1978; 92: 99 – 113.
- xxx. Chamyal PC. Vestibulo – Cochlea functions in diabetes mellitus. I J O & HNS 1997; 49: 162 – 164.
- xxxi. Bamanie AH, Al-Noury KI. Prevalence of hearing loss among Saudi type 2 diabetic patients. Saudi Med J. 2011; 32: 271 – 274.
- xxxii. Ren J, Zhao P, Chen L, Xu A, Brown S, Xiao X. Hearing Loss in Middle-aged Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Archives of Medical Research. 2009; 40:18-23.
- xxxiii. Galdas P, Cheater F, Marshall P. Men and health help-seeking behaviour: literature review. J AdvNurs. 2005; 49:616-623.
- xxxiv. Mitchell P, Gopinath B, McMahon CM, Rochtchina E, Wang JJ, Boyages SC, et al. Relationship of Type 2 Diabetes to the prevalence, incidence and progression of age – related hearing loss. Diabet Med 2009; 26: 483 – 488.
- xxxv. Adebola SO, Olamoyegun MA, Sogebi OA, Iwuala SO, Babarinde JA, Oyelakin AO. Otologic and audiologic characteristics of type 2 diabetics in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.10.016, last accessed 4th February, 2017.