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Misra, S. C.
- Environmentally Friendly Antifouling Paints and Painting Schemes
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International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 1, No 10Sp (2012), Pagination: 40-61Abstract
Since the 1970s Tributy tin based antifouling paints were widely used to control fouling on ships hulls. These coatings offered up to 5 years of foul-free hulls and were the most effective antifouling paints ever produced. However, due to serious environmental effects, these paints have been banned since 2008 and have been replaced by copper based antifouling paints with some success. However, the extensive use of copper based antifouling paints has led to the accumulation of cooper and its compounds in the marine environment particularly in the vicinity of ports and harbors and is beginning to pose a serious environmental problem. This paper explores the possibility of incorporating environmentally friendly biocides in antifouling paints that exhibit a low persistence in the marine environment particularly those biocides that are available in the Indian context. Another serious problem facing the marine environment is the issue of Invasive species. In recent years the issue of invasive marine species has been receiving considerable attention due to the fact that introduction of non indegenous species or non-native species transmigrated from other areas to coastal waters often results in the reduction and even extinction of the native species and thereby severely disrupts the natural marine ecosystems. The predominant vector for the transport of nonindigenous species in marine environments has been shipping. While ballast water receives the most attention, hull fouling is now considered to be the most significant means for translocation of these organisms. Certain niche areas of the vessel such as bow thrusters, sea chest, stern tube, rudder etc. are the likely areas to be heavily fouled. Although this fouling does not effect the overall performance of the vessel, would however, be a vector for the transportation of Invasive species. In addition, the other areas that are likely to be fouled are on locations where antifouling paint has been worn of due to excessive shear and bending of the hull. This paper attempts to identify such areas using CFD simulations and suggest that special paint schemes must be incorporated in these niche areas.- Sustainable Development and Ship Life Cycle
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International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 1, No 10Sp (2012), Pagination: 112-120Abstract
Transportation of goods and people across water is a necessary engineering activity for economic growth of individuals and society. But does this growth affect sustanible development through environmental degradation? A ship's life cycle consists of concept exploration, design, production, operation and maintenance and dismantling. Stages in the life cycle of a ship in which large energy is consumed can be said to be (i) shipbuilding (ii) ship operation and maintenance and (iii) ship dismantling. The energy consumed in building a ship can be grouped under major heads as establishment energy, direct energy in materials and its transportation, direct energy consumed in construction of the particular ship, indirect or overhead energy consumed in the shipyard which cannot be billed to a ship. The green ship concept is evolved to reduce energy consumption in shipbuilding, ship operation and maintenance. This can be achieved by optimised structural design for steel weight reduction and use of alternative materials, possible use of alternative and renewable fuels, propulsion systems and auxiliary systems, Innovative design development such as Ballast Free Ship (BFS) and proper system integration. Ship Design plays a crucial role for ensuring ship construction, operation and dismantling. It is therefore necessary to increase the scope of concept design by incorporating use of numerical analysis procedures at early stages of design, consideration of alternative fuels and propulsion systems, use of design for production and design for maintenance techniques. Standardisation and modularisation should be incorporated in ship design for improved production.- A Study on the Seasonal Variability of Nearshore Waves off Visakhapatnam, East Coast of India
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International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 1, No 10Sp (2012), Pagination: 373-389Abstract
Wave rider buoy data during the period June 2009 to May 2010 was analyzed to examine the seasonal trends in the nearshore waves off Visakhapatnam, east coast of India. During fair weather conditions, wave heights were observed to be higher in the southwest monsoon season with maximum significant wave height (Hs) of about 2.76m in the month of July and average Hs of about 1.6m. The higher values of spectral band width emphasize that the wave heights covered a wide range for major period of the year. A large standard deviation of swell period represents the occurrence of distant swell in a wide range to the study region. The seasonal cycle of wave heights off Visakhapatnam, East Coast of India is dominated by SW monsoon winds. The waves at study area are resultant of sea and large swells from south of Bay of Bengal.- Development of a Ballast Free Ship Design
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