International Journal of Innovative Research and Development

I. P. Ezeugwunne , C. C. Onyenekwe , J. E. Ahaneku , M. Ifeanyichukwu , S. C. Meludu , C. N. Offor , E.C. Okwara

Abstract

Background This study was designed to evaluate the pattern of semen analysis, seminal Testosterone and PSA levels, in symptomatic HIV subjects in South Eastern Nigeria Men., 111 participants aged between 17 and 55 (41±12) years were randomly recruited. Based on WHO criteria for HIV staging, the participants were grouped as follows: Symptomatic HIV on ART (n=43), symptomatic HIV not on ART (n=39). Similarly, 39 HIV seronegative participants served as control.
Methods Blood samples were collected from the participants for the determination of HIV status. Also semen samples were collected from all the participants. The WHO recommended standard routine method were used to analyzed semen in an ejaculate. Seminal Testosterone and PSA were estimated using Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method.
Results The result showed that the mean percent motility is significantly lower in symptomatic HIV participants not on ART and symptomatic HIV seropositive on ART compared with the HIV seronegatives (p< 0.05). The mean percent viable and semen volume also showed significantly lower values in symptomatic HIV not on ART and on ART compared with the HIV seronegatives (p< 0.05). The mean semen count x 10⁶/ml showed higher count in symptomatic HIV on ART compared with symptomatic HIV not on ART(p<0.05). But maintained similar value compared with the HIV seronegative control (p>0.05). The pH, liquefaction time and viscosity showed simliar values amongst the groups. Testosterone showed similar values in symptomatic HIV on ART and HIV seronegative participants (p>0.5). But showed higher significant values in both symptomatic HIV and HIV seronegative participants compared with symptomatic HIV participant not on ART (p< 0.05). The PSA showed no significant difference amongst the groups (p>0.05).
Conclusions The study concludes that HIV infection grossly affect the semen quality which was evidenced by the presence of hypospermia and sthenozoospermia on symptomatic HIV positive male participants.

Keywords

HIV, Semen Analysis, Testosterone and PSA

Full Text

   

J. E. Ahaneku , C. C. Onyenekwe , S. C. Meludu , I. P. Ezeugwunnue , M. Ifeanyichtukwu , O. J. Nnadozie

Abstract

The present study was designed to determine the impact of HIV and malaria co-infection on the serum hormonal levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Lutetnizing Hormone (LH), Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone, Prolactin and Cortisol symptomatic HIV seropositive male participants on ART. A total of 275 adult participants aged between 18 and 60 year, were randomly recruited for this study. The participants were enlisted based on World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. 139 symptomatic HIV infected participants on ART of which 70 of them had malaria eo-infection and 136 HIV seronegative control participants of which 68 of them had malaria co-infection. Blood samples were collected from the participants for the determination of HIV status by Immunoaseay, Thick and thin films prepared from the blood samples were examined and malaria parasites density was counted according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendation. Also, ELISA method was used to assay for serum sex hormones. The result showed that the serum LH, FSH, Progesterone and Estrogen levels were significantly higher in malaria injected and malaria uninfected symptomatic HIV participants on ART (in each case) compared with malaria Infected and malaria uninfected HIV seronegative control participants (p<0.05). The mean Testosterone and Prolactin levels also showed significantly lower values in malaria Infected and malaria uninfected symptomatic HIV participants on ART compared with malaria infected and malaria uninfected HIV seronegative control participants (p<0.05). The mean Cortisol levels were similar amongst the groups studied (p<0.05, in each case). Similarly, the malaria parasite density (MPD) was significantly higher in malaria infected compared with malaria uninfected symptomatic HIV participants on ART participants p<0.05). The implication of this finding is that HIV and malaria co-infection has an effect on some of these sex hormones on participants on ART.

Keywords

HIV, Malaria, Antiretroviral Therapy and Sex Hormones

Full Text