International Journal of Innovative Research and Development

Hamzo Khan Tagar ¹, Sheraz Ali ², Sanam Amir ³, Ali Akbar Tagar ⁴, Abdul Jabbar Tagar ⁵

Affiliations
1 School Development (WB), Sindh Education Reform Program (SERP) Karachi, Sindh, PK
2 Sindh Education Reform Program (SERP), Karachi, Sindh, PK
3 Government of Punjab, PK
4 Department of Education and Literacy Govt., Sindh, Karachi, PK
5 Local Govt. Department, Sindh, Karachi, PK

Abstract

The last goal of strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development has pivotal importance in sustainable development strategy. The new proposed set of comprehensive and universal sustainable development goals (SDGs) are to implemented at global level by UNO in current year 2016 with seventeen development goals which are ambitious and an extension of eight millennium development goals and also more focused on global economic development.

Keeping in view of above we must work together with international community to generate the soft infrastructures of human resources needed to realize the transformative vision of the proposed sustainable development goals (SDGs). The concept of economic development requires greater emphasis of policy makers according to the need of this vast subject and in the views of some eminent economists in the historical context for a thorough understanding of this dynamic subject that is required at large in discussion and practice. The above understandings will be clear road map for policy makers from nook to corner in the world as ‘sustainable development goals’.

The paper fulfills the need of comprehensive but precise review of literature of economic development from classical period to date for implementers. It is evaluated in most precise manners for easy understandings of common terms i.e. economic growth, development, human development, indicators and objectives of economic development. Paper is very useful for politicians/ statesman, public sector managers, private sector entrepreneurs, NGOs/CBOs, students of development studies and general readers. 

Keywords

UNO, MDGs, SDGs Growth, Development, Human Development, Poverty, Freedom. Self Esteem.

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Hamzo Khan Tagar ¹, Bisma Shah Bukhari ², Maria Qabtia ³, Ali Akber Tagar ⁴, Inamullah Pirzada ⁵

Affiliations
1 School Development, (WB) Sindh Education Reform Program (SERP), Karachi, Sindh, PK
2 Sindh Teachers Education Training and Development Authority, Karachi, Sindh, PK
3 Sindh Technical and Vocational Authority, Karachi, Sindh, PK
4 Education and Literacy Department, Govt. Sindh, Karachi, PK
5 Sindh Education Reform Program, Karachi, Sindh, PK

Abstract

A global agreement of seventeen feasible points for the welfare of human beings which is named as sustainable development goals is confirmed by the world leader in the United Nations Conference on sustainable development goals. The first component of agenda for post 2015 development is to decrease poverty in its all forms everywhere but without economic empowerment of the people particularly from far flung areas it cannot be elevated until balance distribution of natural resources. The below mentioned paper is written with the same approach to follow these global initiatives in Pakistan.

The rural areas of our region are in grip of ultra-poverty particularly among agricultural labour. The rapid increase in population needs increase in their incomes which is only possible through redistribution of natural resources particularly land holdings which should be balanced for socio economic development of common man. The major issues in Sindh land holdings have been summed up by examining it through in-depth analysis using both quantitative and qualitative approaches.

The study concludes that imbalanced land holdings creates socio economic problems in two ways first the large tracts of land ownerships strength feudalism and second small land holding, both kinds creates various social ills in the society rural society i.e. poverty, less freedoms, limited market access, small scale economic empowerments which needs dire attention of policy makers for their strategic vision to redistribute natural resources as per the need of the hour in global scenario not only, for the socio economic development in the region but to create equal opportunities for their country man in era of sustainable development.

Keywords

Large Land Holdings, Small Land Holdings, Public Policy, Agric-Development, Feudalism, Poverty Elevation, Land Fragmentation, Balanced Holdings.

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Hamzo Khan Tagar ¹, Bisma Shah Bukhari ², Maria Qabtia ³, Rafiuddin Dakhan ¹, Inamullah Pirzada ¹

Affiliations
1 Sindh Education Reform Program, Karachi, Sindh, PK
2 Sindh Teachers Education Training and Development Authority, Karachi, Sindh, PK
3 Sindh Technical and Vocational Authority, Karachi, Sindh, PK

Abstract

Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all is an important eighth goal in sustainable development agenda of united nation for next 15 years. This paper is also written in context of above mentioned global development agenda with particular reference of Sindh-Pakistan. Land tenure is concerned with the right operational arrangements under which the land is operated for cropping purpose. The owner farm, Owner cum-tenant farm and tenant farm are famous kinds of tenure system in Sindh. The main focus of this study is on tenant’s cultivation system due to its dominance in Sindh agriculture, its significant impact on the labour, sustainable agricultural development with natural resources management and pivotal role in rural economic and social development.

Study discussed that share cropping serves the interest land lords and strengthens their social, economic and political leverage in the rural areas. In this system, land lord avoids investing more capital and tenants avoid investing more labour and intention due to shares. System badly harms tenant’s interest. They earn meager income and enjoy less freedom as compared to daily wages or monthly salaried industrial workforce. They always remain under heavy pressure and debit and this system leads to poverty, bondage and low skilled labour in agriculture sector of Sindh-Pakistan. This study concludes that large percentage of increasing population in rural areas is engaged in this manual and old system. It is because of this very fact that the people of the rural Sindh cannot not become skilled laborers i.e. plumbers, mechanics, electricians, carpenters, mesons, brokers, defense personnel and other industrial workforce and also an obstacle in migration of the people to urban/industrial centers.

Keywords

Labour (Hari), Land, Tenure System, Owners Farms, Tenants Farms, Poverty, Land Lord (Zamindar).

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Hamzo Khan Tagar , Syed Roshan Ali Shah

Abstract

The Sindh Southern Province of Pakistan is naturally divided in different zones and every zone offers excellent product potential of its own. The central cropping zone has been found suitable for crop cultivation and horticultural farms. The coastal and hilly areas are suitable for forest tourism and fishing. The arid zone boasts of great potential for live stock breeding and hunting grounds with range land forest. This paper tries to finds fundamental problems in live stock sector of Sindh with its performance and also suggests policy recommendations for further development of the sector. Study concludes that low level of feeding, traditional method of breeding, inadequate health facilities institutional mismanagements and low extent of markets and infrastructure is major obstacles in livestock sector growth and development.

Keywords

Livestock, Arid Zone, Markets, Feeding, Breeding, Dairy Productions

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Hamzo Khan Tagar , Syed Roshan Ali Shah

Abstract

Having greater potential to produce food and fiber for its growing population, the Sindh province of Pakistan is facing dual crises in its water sector such as; declining water resources for irrigation which creates drought situation since 2000-2001 and the super floods in the year 2010 and 2011 in both northern and southern regions. About 89% of cropped area in the province is irrigated through canal system, the infrastructure damage and deprivation of cultivable land with standing water caused by these floods mainly due to institutional mismanagement has resulted in multi billion rupees loss to the agricultural sector with a significant decline in its growth. On the other hand, an inadequacy in the supply of irrigation water and its inefficient use forms a bottleneck on achievement of the desired results from complementary inputs.
The paper aims to sort out fundamental problems in managing the irrigation water in the province, and to formulate a policy guideline for batter use of the natural resources in the agricultural economy of Sindh. The study explores the significance of a largely mismanaged canal irrigation system of the province and suggests modern tools and methods of managing the available resources. It also recommends some alternative water conservation strategies such as; use of under table water through tube wells, storage of rain water through construction of small dames and lining of natural ponds in arid zones of the province. These measures can lead to overcome the supply and demand side issues to some extent, necessary for sustainability of the process of agric-development in the region.

Keywords

Canal Irrigation, Tube Well, Rain Water, Agriculture Growth, Drip Irrigation, MAF
(Million Acre Feet)

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Hamzo Khan Tagar , Syed Roshan Ali Shah

Abstract

The main objective of the study is to discuses various paths of agric-development in details and also revisit Sindh agriculture sector to compare it in the light of empirical evidences of the field and also recommended Agric-Development Model for Sindh southern province of Pakistan. The study finds that theoretical model of agricultural development is in sharp contrast with empirical situation of Sindh agricultural sector and requires immediate attention of policy makers for implementation of suggested remedies mostly provided in Sindh Agric-development Model by the authors.
This study recommended implementation of land reforms, water sector improvement, facilitating the forward and backward linkages between traditional agric sector and modern industrial sectors in the province with storage facilities; agro based industries at farm level and improved taxation system by computerized assessment and collection according to basic laws of taxation for the further development of Sindh's agriculture.

Keywords

Agricultural Development, Economy, Growth, Modes, Models

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