Phytochemical Studies and GC-MS Analysis of Gongronema Latifolium and Piper Guineense

Aims: In this study, the proximate, phytochemical composition and GC-MS analysis of the leave extracts of Gongronema latifolium, and Piper guineense were carried out.

Methodology: The leaves were collected, washed, shade dried and powdered. Methanol extract were prepared by simple maceration process and soxhalation method. All the extracts were concentrated and analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy for the identification of biochemical components present in the leaves  of Gongronema latifolium, and Piper guineense, tests of statistical significance was carried out-using one-way ANOVA.

Results: The results showed that the plants are rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins,phenolic compound and saponins. The proximate analysis showed the  following percentage values: moisture 80±0.35%,62±0.42% , Ash 14.96±0.5%,12.83±0.12% , Crude Fibre 7.68±0.1g,1.616±0.34g , Crude protein8.40±0.61 %,8.57±0.22 %, Crude  lipid 60.23±0.44%, 4.13±0.33%,  and Carbohydrate 36±0.26%, 51.02±0.67 % for G.latifolium and Piper guineense respectively. In the  GC-MS  results also revealed that  thirty five bioactive compounds, were identified in both plants:18 in Gongronema latifolium, and 17 in Piper guineense comprising a range of fatty acids, and heterocyclic compounds. The six most abundant compounds in G.latifolium are Ooleic acid,3-beta acetate lup-20(29)-en-3-ol,14-methyl 8-hexadecenal,acetate-19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol,oleic acid chloride,and 3-alpha-12-oleanen-3-ylacetate with percentage values of 14.1,11,11.00,8.5 and 5.1 respectively while in Piper guineense they are 9-octahydro-2,5a-dimethyl-2H-benzo(F) oxireno (2,3-E) benzofuran 8 (H)-one,1,2-dipiperonyl-3-imino-1,2,4-triazine,Friedoolean 6-ene,1-piperonyl-3-amino-1,2,4-riazine and methyl ester 9-octadecenoic acid with percentage composition of 36.645,21.9,11.7,5.98 and 4.48 respectively. These compounds which are known for their anti- fungal, anti- inflammatory, antibiotic, and skin conditioning properties.

Conclusion: The present finding suggests   that these plants have a promising potential phytopharmaceutical value.