IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Sunita Singh ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Gender equality and empowerment of women is recognized globally as a key element to achieve progress in all spheres of life. Democratic decentralization is the best bet for good governance. The efficient functioning and desired goals of PRI are not possible without active participation of women representatives in different development activities and decision making process. It is the need of the hour to examine the knowledge of women representatives in PRIs despite the socio-economic constraints. The present study was undertaken to know the association of income and occupation with knowledge level of elected women in gram panchayat activities. The present study was undertaken in purposively selected Panchkula and Mewat districts of Haryana state having the highest and the lowest female literacy status, respectively. A sample of 160 respondents consisting of 80 respondents from each district was taken. Income and occupation are important indicators of economic and social position of an individual in the society. While categorizing the respondents according to their income, the contention of government to estimate the income for BPL was taken into account and it was operationalized as low (upto Rs. 27000), medium (27001-150000) and high income group (about Rs. 150000). Occupation was divided into four main categories viz; farming, agricultural and skilled labour, professional or businessman and any other work. The socioeconomic profile of respondents indicated that majority of them were from middle age, illiterate or primary school educated, married, belonging to backward class, joint family, farming, medium income group and low to medium mass media exposure. The result indicated a significant association between income levels of elected women members with their knowledge level. More number of respondents from high income group was having high knowledge of administrative and economic activities (62.00%), social activities (72.00%), political activities (80.00%) and public and civic amenities (62.00%). A significant association was also found between occupation and knowledge level of respondents about different Gram Panchayat activities as indicating that more than 80 percent respondents from professional and business class were having high knowledge level of different activities except agriculture, health and sanitation and judicial activities. Similarly respondents from other works like hawkers, small shops in village, domestic helpers were having high knowledge about different activities of Gram Panchayat.

Keywords

PRI, Income, Occupation, Women.

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Sunita Singh ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The 73rd Constitution Amendment has created space for women in political participation and decision-making at the grass ischolar_mains level by reserving one-third of the seats all over the country. The efficient functioning and desired goals of PRI are not possible without active participation of women representatives in different development activities and decision making process. It is the need of the hour to examine the knowledge of women representatives in PRIs despite the socio-economic constraints. The present study was undertaken to know the association of caste with knowledge level of women in gram panchayat activities. The present study was undertaken in purposively selected Panchkula and Mewat districts of Haryana state having the highest and the lowest female literacy status, respectively. A sample of 160 respondents consisting of 80 respondents from each district was taken. Caste status in the present context was measured with the help of relative scoring pattern. Scores were assigned to different caste groups as per legal prescriptions under the constitution. These include: General castes (1); Backward classes (2) and Scheduled castes (3). The socioeconomic profile of respondents indicated that majority of them were from middle age, illiterate or primary school educated, married, belonging to backward class, joint family, farming, medium income group and low to medium mass media exposure. A significant association of caste with knowledge level of women leaders was observed except a few like structural aspects and decision making. Women from general caste were having high knowledge about administrative and economic activities, agricultural, educational, public and civic amenities while knowledge level in case of women from backward class was high for social, political and health and sanitation activities. However women from schedule caste were having high knowledge of political activities.

Keywords

PRI, Caste, Women, Kanowledge.

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Sunita Singh ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹, Subhash Chander ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, College of Basic Sciences, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Gender equality and empowerment of women is recognized globally as a key element to achieve progress in all spheres of life. Democratic decentralization is best bet for good governance. The present investigation was undertaken to study the constraints and suggestions to promote women participation in Gram Panchayat activities. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state having highest and lowest female literacy status i.e. Panchkula and Mewat, respectively. Adopting random sampling techniques villages from each sample block were selected. Ultimate stage of sampling constituted the selection of respondents which in the present study were women sarpanches and Panches (Panchayat members). Since the number of such respondents in each of the sample villages was very small (4-6 depending on size of Panchayat), all the members from each village were taken into sample. Thus the ultimate sample taken was of 160 respondents consisting of 80 respondents from each district. Different descriptive statistics were computed using SPSS statistical package. Activities of Gram Panchyat refers to the activities undertaken by Gram Panchayats such as meetings held, management of budget, its utilization, and works related to agriculture sanitation, construction and maintenance, education, drinking water, farm forestry, administration, fisheries etc. Majority of respondents were having no knowledge about most of structural aspects of panchayat but were having full knowledge and involvement in social activities, educational, political, public work and civic amenities and health and sanitation. Literacy advanced area had clear and positive effect on knowledge level of elected women representatives about structural and functional activities. Younger age respondents were having high knowledge level about most of panchayat activities, structural aspects and decision making. Significant association of income and occupation with knowledge level of women members was observed.

Keywords

Socially Disadvantaged, Locus of Control, Parenting Styles, Academic Performance.

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Subhash Chander ¹, Savita Vermani ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The study was conducted in Haryana state. The sample of 400 debted respondents was selected from eight villages of two districts i.e. Karnal and Bhiwani through systematic random sampling technique. The loan waiving scheme primarily aimed at providing relief to small and marginal farmers indebted to formal agencies, by writing off their farm loans taken between 1 April, 1997 and 31 March, 2007, which were overdue as on 31 December 2007 and unpaid till 29 February, 2008. Analysis revealed that only 21.00% (out of 400) respondents availed loan waiving scheme under one time settlement. Only 10.50% of the respondents got benefit of one time settlement scheme and received the amount in between Rs. 10,000/--30000/-. Regarding socio-economic changes experienced by respondents after availing amount from loan waiving scheme under one time settlement analysis revealed that hundred percent of the respondents felt free from psychological problems. On an average Rs. 6742.00 was waived off under one time settlement of loan waiving scheme.

Keywords

Loan Waiving Scheme, Institutional Loan, Farmer Debtedness, Rural Bank, and Debt Problem.

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Subhash Chander ¹, Jatesh Kathpalia ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Rural debtedness in India is one of the most serious problems of the rural economic. Actually, this problem is the sign of weak financial infra structural facilities available to the farmers for their survival and development. The study was conducted in Southern region of Haryana. The results of the study indicate that an average amount of loan of Rs. 229952 was taken by respondents from both sources. It is clear from the data that more than half of the respondents were repaying the loan irregularly while 42.67 per cent were repaying it regularly. Analysis revealed that 61.33% respondents enlisted low profit margins in agriculture as a major cause of debtedness. Analysis further revealed that respondents were burdened because of outstanding loan in spite of that 32.00 per cent respondents repaired or constructed the houses. Regarding problems faced by respondents after taking loan analysis revealed that overwhelming majority of the respondents (86.00%) were facing the problem of declining income after taking loan. It was also suggested that e-National Agricultural marketing facility should be provided to the farming community.

Keywords

Socio-Economic Variable, Causes of Debt, Utilization Pattern and Problem After Loan.

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Subhash Chander ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹, Rashmi Tyagi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Eras have come, and eras have gone, but the dilemma of women is not likely to change. Time has helplessly examined women suffering in the form of discrimination, exploitation, degradation, humiliation etc. From the last decade's crime data, we see sharp number of crimes recorded under cruelty by husband and his relatives. It also seems that the same category has had the most dramatic increase over the years. In this regarding, the study was conducted on 200 rural women in Kurukshetra district of Haryana state. Information were collected from 12 villages with well-structured interview schedule as per objectives of the study. It was found that more than two-third of the respondents (71.0%) were conscious about reservation of seat for women in Panchayats, followed by prohibition of discrimination based on caste, sex, religion and place of birth (64.5%) and provision of maternity relief (59.0%). It was also found that more than two-fifth of the respondents (63.0%) were aware about the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 followed by dowry prohibition act (57.5%) and the medical termination of pregnancy (54.0%).It was also advocated that create healthy environment for women and girls everywhere by supporting exertions to end violence against them.

Keywords

Awareness About Laws, Women Crime, Crime Against Women, Factors Affecting Etc.

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Meenu Singh ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹, Subhash Chander ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Every advance in technology brings a change in the social environment to which man has to adopt in the form of modification of customs and traditions. A massive range of ladies is running in agriculture and acting strenuous duties. The majority of the rural and allied sports have been perceived as tough to carry out by the farm ladies. Drudgery-decreasing gear and devices are proved to be a boon for farm ladies. These gear and devices decreased the drudgery of farm ladies in addition to multiplying their performance and painting output. Working in higher postures additionally reduced the superiority of musculoskeletal issues amongst farm ladies. Technological improvements have been the motive at the back of the drastic modifications in all spheres of ladies' existence. Women have the capacity to mold themselves in keeping with each situation; she has to satisfy all of the necessities in their day-by-day existence. Technological gear reduced the workload of ladies. The power load dropping has no far-accomplishing consequences on ladies' lives inside the village. The technological development and agricultural home equipment inside the village have decreased the exertions of each lady and men and multiplied the productiveness that leads the village in the direction of prosperity and development. To study the adoption of drudgery technology by farm women, it is necessary to study the awareness and perception of women. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the perception of rural women about drudgery reducing technology. The study was conducted in two cultural zones, Hisar from Bagar and Mahandragarh from Ahirwal zone were selected. The study was conducted on 320 rural farm women who were selected randomly from Hisar I, Hisar II and Mahandragarh, Kanina Blocks.It was found that on average 22.2 percent of respondents were having a high level of perception about drudgery reducing technologies whereas 73.1 percent were having moderate and 4.7 percent were having alow level of perception.

Keywords

Farm Women, Drudgery Reducing Technologies, Level of Perception.

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Baskaur ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹, Rashmi Tyagi ¹, Manisha ¹, Sahil Boora ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Sustainable horticulture farming is now an unavoidable necessity for environmental rehabilitation and food security. Horticultural crops constitute a significant portion of the total agricultural produce in India. The government of India has proposed to double farmer's income by the year 2022. Horticulture sector has emerged as an important source of income in Haryana and farmers have also started taking up horticulture crops as a separate viable economic activity. The present study was conducted in Fatehabad and Hisar districts of Haryana state. On the whole, 160 respondents were interviewed with the help of well-structured interview schedule. For assessing the knowledge and adoption of horticultural crops under MIDH for sustainable crop production, data were collected by personal interviews with the respondents at their home/ farm. It was found that more than one third of the respondents had partial knowledge about vegetable nursery raising method and subsidies for purchase of tractors and tillers. Two fifth of the respondent had no knowledge about cold storage capacity. It was found that 62.5 per cent of the respondents had fully adopted the fruits crops followed by 43.8 percent who had full adoption of vegetable crops. Only 37.4 percent respondents had partial adoption of vegetable crops. Not a single respondents had adoption of drone and crop scouting technology. Regarding the social impact of horticultural crops under MIDH four fifth majority of the respondents reported improvement in health and education. Regarding the economic impact three fourth percent of the respondents agreed that there was increase in income. Regarding the environmental overwhelming majority of the respondents agreed that degraded land can be utilized.

Keywords

Knowledge, Adoption, Sustainable, Mission, Integrated, Horticulture

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Vinod Kumari ¹, Kushagra Prasad ¹, Mahak ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Pathology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The paper looks at the institution of marriage and divorce in the World society in general and India in particular. An attempt has been made to put forth the changing nature of social institutions and divorce, conceptualizing it from the Sociological, Functional and Marxian perspectives. The paper further goes on to look at the causes of divorce and the socio-demographic analysis of divorce involving age, gender and other attributes. The paper ahead looks at the impact of divorce on women, children and families finally followed by the way forward to cope with the divorce.

Keywords

Marriage, Divorce, Family, Sociological Analysis

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Harvinder Kaur ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The reviewed paper describes the importance and role of modern technology in farm sector in India. Technological changes are the crucial driving forces for increasing farm productivity and promoting farm development in all developing countries. In past the adoption of mechanization in farm was started due to the green revolution, then government want to fulfill the demand of food grains of population. But now the dimensions are changed from last few decades' policies for farm, research and development, trade, training and education has been strong impact on the adoption of technology, the level of farm production and agricultural practices. It is recognized fact that improved modern inputs and machinery are major determinants of farm output, yet it is important to interpret the relationship of mechanization with other social and economic factors. Study also concluded the crop wise adoption of mechanization, farm machinery, major driving forces in social change, participation of women in farm, agribusiness, cost and the labor employed in the farm sector. The paper also recommends suggestions, to ensure that the farm sector takes its rightful place in our economy.

Keywords

Farm Mechanization, Labor, Machinery and Social Change

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Harvinder Kaur ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The reviewed paper explains about aggregate of the residue's genesis from different crops, usage in-field and outfield, reason of flaming and managing crop residue with conservation of agriculture and alternative strategies. This paper also discusses the available agriculture machinery to manage the several type of residues in-situ and ex-situ. Management of crop residue has emerged to be a big issue in northern states of India, subsequently farmers choose inflame the residues. Management of residue is important because it carry plant nutritious that enhance the topsoil fertility capacity. Flaming residue affect nature and also deficit of scrumptious number of plant exigent nutrients. The issue of on farm burning of stubbles is sharpen in recent years due to lack of labour, combine harvester and huge capital loss in removing the stubbles by traditional ways, The residues of sugarcane, rice, mustard, maize, cotton, groundnut, jute, and millet are normally inflamed on-farm by various provenience of the India. This hurdle is more vital in the northern and western states where the wheat-rice system is mechanized. It is necessary to create consciousness among cultivators and farm societies to know the value of management of residues for resilience & sustainability of Indian agriculture.

Keywords

Crop Residue, Management, Machinery, Agriculture, Soil, Burning

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Monika Sarsana ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

This study examines the nature and extent of women employment in rural areas. In the contemporary world, women's role is not essentially limited to household chores and farm activities. Over the past decades, globally there is a substantial rise in rate of women education and employment but the proportion of Indian women in work has been declining. This is due to the role of women in home production. Indian women particularly in rural areas, have to play multiple roles such as a participant in labour force for supplementing family income and in addition they have a central role in food chain activities. A survey was carried out to assess the nature and extent of 120 women engaged in four major types of occupations in rural areas of Hisar and Panchkula districts of Haryana. Nature of job, duty hours, wage amount, physical status of job and wage act knowledge were found to be highly significant with the type of employment. Data collected exhibited that all the labourers had a temporary nature of their job contrary to that 10% of the government employees were permanent at their job. More than three fifth of the respondents were earning less than Rs.10, 000 per month whereas only 8.3% respondents were earning more than Rs.30, 000 per month. Out of all the respondents, only 35% had full knowledge of wage act rest had partial or no knowledge. It's very important to enhance the women's work participation in productive employment also additional work burden requires support such as child care facilities to ease other domestic responsibilities which remains with women.

Keywords

child care, earning, family income, labour force, wage act, women employment, work burden

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Kushagra Prasad ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Migration is defined as the movement of people from one place to another. As the world has progressed in leaps and bounds, migration also has certain changes connoted with it. Earlier, the movement was way simpler with all the intermediaries involved whereas now it has become gender and season specific. The related factors, consequences and impact of migration form the essence of the phenomenon. The following paper is a step to interrogate and review migration from a sociological standpoint. The work is intended to ascertain the nuances related to migration and its comprehensive effect of it on the families involved.

Keywords

migration, factors, health, education, families

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Subhash Chander ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, Ch. Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana ., IN

Abstract

Custom Hiring Centres of agricultural machinery are very helpful for the farming community to increase the net income of the farmers by way of reducing the cost of cultivation at each and every stage of crop growth in a timely manner. From a socio-economic perspective, the different farm implements such as transplanter, multi-crop thresher, combine harvester and baler had been bought by the custom hiring centre owners as additional equipment on need-based through the income generation by operating the custom hiring centres. Further, it has been noted that custom hiring centres play an important role in water conservation strategies, developmental, sustainability and environmental issues. The study was conducted in wet and dry agro-climatic zones of Haryana on sixty custom hiring centes. It was found that overwhelming majority of the farmers (87.67%) increased the size of contractual landholding after the adoption of custom hiring centres. Majority of the farmers were also saving the seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. As per study, the farmers (61.67%) were also facing the problem of the high cost of farm implements followed by lack of service and maintenance support for machinery (56.67%) and non-availability of machines at peak times in the rabi and kharif seasons (50.00%). It was also suggested that people should be encouraged to adopt custom hiring centres and reduce the production cost.

Keywords

agricultural implements, socio-economic impact, reasons for adoption and constraints

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Priyanka Rani ¹, Rashmi Tyagi ¹, Jatesh Kathpalia ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Media is unquestionably a very large and effective form of communication. The growth of India's rural youth is significantly influenced by social media. India's rural areas are most important part of India because 70 percent of the country's people reside in villages. The study was conducted in rural areas of 2 cultural zones Nardak and Bagar of Haryana purposively. The study was conducted in the Hisar and Karnal districts of Haryana State. Distraction and stress were ranked first and second, respectively, in terms of the effects of social media on several facets of mental health. The results also showed that more than 40% of respondents reported both a severe and moderate level of social media's impact on stress and distraction. It revealed that the majority of the respondents (70%) reported that a lack of interaction with neighbours and relatives affected their social health and scored first. Further results showed that more than 55 percent of the respondents reported that a lack of interaction with teachers and parents also affected social health. A low degree of impact on all aspects of health was experienced by 38.61 percent of respondents, followed by a medium level of impact by 19.44 percent.

Keywords

social media, impact, health, mental, physical, social

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Jatesh Kathpalia ¹, Rashmi Tyagi ¹, Anil Kumar ², Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of FMPE, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

After harvesting the paddy with a combine harvester equipped with a Super Seeder attachment, the Super Seeder machine's primary job is to simultaneously sow the wheat seed and plough standing paddy stubble into the ground. The study was conducted in Fatehabad district of Haryana state among 120 adopter and non-adopter farmers of Super Seeder farm technology. The study was carried out in the 4 blocks of the district namely Bhuna, Bhattu Kalan, Ratia, and Fatehabad. It was found that 45.83 percent of the total farmers were from 35+to 50 years of age category followed by 27.50 percent and 26.67 percent from above 50 years and up to 35 years respectively. Majority of the farmers i.e., 78.33 percent belonged to general caste whereas rest 21.67 percent were from backward class. Time taken by Super Seeder is 3.33h/ha whereas 15h/ha by conventional practices which means time saving by 77.8 % as reported by adopters. Saving of fuel, labour requirement, and cost of sowing disclosed is 60.71%, 77.8% and 53% respectively. Super Seeder found to be advantageous in saving of 6.38% of gross return from grains and 8.90% of gross return from straw leading to 7.22% of total gross return. Regarding the constraints in adoption of Super Seder farmers reported (Table 3) requirement of high hp tractor of 60-70 horse power (rank I), lack of technical knowledge (rank II), choking of machine while working (rank III), high cost or high custom charges (rank IV).

Keywords

rice residue management, super seeder, adoption, wheat, rice constraints

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Mamta Chahal ¹, Bas Kaur ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹, Manisha ¹, Sahil Boora ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

This review study intends to investigate how young people's migration and the parents they leave behind are related. The idea looks into how youth migration impacts the family, their social life, their financial security, and the health of the parents who stay behind. Several other factors that contribute to migration are also discussed in this essay. In addition to economic factors, social, political, educational, cultural, health, and transportation factors also have an impact on migration as a phenomenon. The movement used to be relatively straightforward with all intermediaries present, but these days it is gender, remittance, and season-specific. The current research takes a sociological approach to examining the impact of youth migration on the well-being of their parents. The effort is mostly focused on identifying the contributing elements. The major goal of this work is to identify the causes of adolescent migration and their widespread effects on social, financial, spiritual, and emotional well-being.

Keywords

parents, well-being, migration, push-pull factors

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