IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Madhavi Menon ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, US

Abstract

A vast literature shows that the quality of personal relationships, especially personal relationships with parents for children, is a major predictor of psychosocial functioning and development. The present literature review attempts to better understand parental influences on the development of children's social competencies from an evolutionary perspective, by focusing on male parental investment in children, and its influences on the child's social competencies. Extant research suggests that male parental investment is more highly correlated with, and predictive of the development of the childs socio-competitive competencies than female parental investment. This review also explores the effects of marital quality on the links between parent-child relationship behaviors and child outcomes.

Keywords

Parental Investment, Marital Quality, Child Outcomes.

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Madhavi Menon ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, US

Abstract

Experiences with peers constitute an important developmental context for children within which children acquire a wide range of skills, attitudes, and experiences that influence their adaptation across the life span. Educational research has begun to explore the impact of children's sense of belonging in their classrooms and schools. Feelings of relatedness tapped by measures of school climate and quality of school relationships, have been linked to important academic outcome indices including academic achievement, academic self-efficacy, and school grades. This review paper explores the links between peer relations and school adjustment and subsequent academic achievement, with a special focus on the school adjustment and academic achievement of children as moderated by peer acceptance categorizations, i.e., popular, rejected, neglected, or victimized.

Keywords

Peer Relationships, Academic Achievement.

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Madhavi Menon ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, US

Abstract

The present review focuses on the environmental influences on childhood language acquisition with a particular emphasis on the exploration of possible gender differences and subsequent cognitive performance. The reviewed research suggests that sub-optimal rearing environments could negatively affect language development. Additionally, the literature in the domain of language development in children points to a moderational role played by the environment as well as gender in children's acquisition of language. This review also evaluates the later developmental effects of early language acquisition with particular emphasis on later intelligence scores, reading comprehension, and school achievement.

Keywords

Childhood Language Acquisition, Environmental Influences, Gender Differences Cognitive Performance.

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Arial S. Bloshinsky ¹, Madhavi Menon ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, US

Abstract

Narrative identity is the notion that an individual forms an identity through the construction of life events that provides them with some meaning and purpose. Similarly, gender is a very central part of individual identity. This paper reviews the topic of gender identity in personal narratives. It explores the prevalent literature centered on these two constructs and reviews their role in individual development across the life span. Narrative identity development has many different facets that can lead to the exploration of how gender and gender identity might shape this narrative. While extant research has explored gender differences within the personal narrative, however, there is limited research on gender identity in personal narratives. This paper reviews the literature involving gender identity and the narrative identity to create a cohesive account of how gender identity and the narrative identity work together in the development of a continuous sense of self in the personal narrative.

Keywords

Gender, Personal Narrative, Narrative Identity, Gender Identity.

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Meagan Fernandez ¹, Madhavi Menon ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, US

Abstract

Modern society is very heavily influenced by the media, be it television, video, newspapers, movies, the internet, or social media. The media is responsible for the dissemination of information as well as shaping attitudes and belief systems. The media's influence on gender stereotypes has affected how many individuals view the different genders and has also impacted how individuals behave in accordance with prevalent gender norms and stereotypes. The media has constructed gender norms, definitions of masculinity and femininity, general stereotypes, and the overall image of how each gender should be. It depicts activities that may not be appropriate or safe, but it normalizes them for each gender, thereby establishing norms that impact persons who may or may not adhere to these ideas and standards. The current paper reviews the literature with a special focus on the impact of varied media on the development and maintenance of gender stereotypes and behaviors.

Keywords

Gender Behaviors, Media Influences, Gender Stereotypes

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