IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Bullying among Ethiopian and Indian School Students:A Comparative Study


Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Bullying refers to repeated behaviour by one or more individuals that are intended to impose physical and psychological harm to and social isolation of one or more victims through physical, verbal, and relational aggression for an extended period of time. Involvement in bullying as a victim is associated with impaired psychological well-being. Almost all studies of school bullying agree that it is a widespread problem; however, there are variations in reporting the magnitude. In line with this, the objective of the current study is to estimate the prevalence rate of bullying victimization and to investigate the psychological well-being correlates of bullying victimization among elementary school students of Ethiopia and India. A total of 2,377 (1,156 male & 1,221 female) students aged between 11 to 18 years from India (n=l 568; 428 Males & 496 Females ) and Ethiopia (n=809; 406 Males & 403 Females) were sampled from a total of 13 schools (5 Indian schools & 8 Ethiopian schools) using multistage and random sampling techniques. Data were collected using: 1) The Revised Olweus Bully /Victimization Questionnaire; and 2) Friedman Well-being Scale. It is found that 37.6% of the participants in Ethiopia were bully victimized against 39.9% in India. Though slightly higher proportions of male pupils were bully victimized in Ethiopia, significantly higher proportions of female pupils were bully victimized in India. Strong and significant negative correlations were found between bullying victimization and psychological well-being for both the countries. It can be concluded from the findings of the study that bullying victimization is prevalent in both Ethiopian and Indian schools and is negatively associated with psychological well-being of pupils. The results of the study are discussed in terms of their implications for school practice and future research directions.

Keywords

Bullying, Victimization, Psychological Well-Being.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Ada, M. 1, Okoli, G., Obeten, O. O., & Akeke, M. N. G. (2016). Prevalence, causes and effects of bullying in tertiary institutions in cross river State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(29), 98-110.

  • Baldry, A. C. (2003). Bullying in schools and exposure to domestic violence. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27(7),713-732.

  • Baldry, A. C. (2004). The impact of direct and indirect bullying on the mental and physical health of Italian youngsters. Aggressive Behavior ,3 0(5), 343-355.

  • Barker, E. D., Arseneault, L., Brendgen, M., Fontaine, N., & Maughan, B. (2008). Joint development of bullying and victimization in adolescence: Relations to delinquency and self-harm. Journal oj'the American Academy oj'ChildandAdolescent Psychiatry. 47(9), 1030-1038.

  • Bauman, S., & Del Rio, A. (2006). Preservice teachers responses to bullying scenarios: Comparing physical, verbal, and relational bullying. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(1), 219.

  • Blazer, C. (2005). Literary review on bullying research services. Miami, Florida Boulton, M. J., Trueman, M., & Flemington, I. (2002). Associations between secondary school pupils' definitions of bullying, attitudes towards bullying, and tendencies to engage in bullying: Age and sex differences. Educational Studies, 28(4), 353-370.

  • Brito, C. C, & Oliveira, M. T. (2013). Bullying and self-esteem in adolescents from public schools. JournaldePediatria, 89(6), 601-607.

  • Center for Disease Control & Prevention CDC (2011). Bullying among middle school and high school students-Massachusetts, 2009. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 50(15), 465.

  • Cheng, Y, Newman, I. M, Qu, M, Mbulo, L., Chai, Y, Chen, Y, & Shell, D. F. (2010). Being bullied and psychosocial adjustment among middle school students in China. Journal of School Health, 80(4), 193-199.

  • Cheraghi, A., & Piskin, M. (2011). A comparison of peer bullying among high school students in Iran and Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15,2510-2520.

  • Chirila, T (2012). Social and psychological implications of bullying in schools. Journal of Psychological and Educational Research,20(),S9.

  • Coloroso, B. (2003). The bully, the bullied and the bystander. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.

  • Craig,W.,Harel-Fisch,Y,Fogel-Grinvald,H.,Dostaler, S.,Hetland,J., Simons-Morton. B., & Pickett, W. (2009). A cross-national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries. International Journal of Public Health, 54(2), 216-224.

  • Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66(3), 710-722.

  • Delfabbro, P., Winefield, T, Trainor, S., Dollard, M., Anderson, S., Metzer, J., & Hammarstrom, A. (2006). Peer and teacher bullying/victimization of South Australian secondary school students: Prevalence and psychosocial profiles. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(1), 71-90.

  • Eriksen, T. L. M., Nielsen, H. S., & Simonsen, M. (2012). The effects of bullying in elementary school. The Journal of Human Resources, 49(4), 839-871.

  • Espelage, D. L., & Swearer Napolitano, S. M. (2003). Research on school bullying and victimization: What have we learned and where do we go from here? [Mini-series],

  • Estevez, E., Murgui, S., & Musitu, G. (2009). Psychological adjustment in bullies and victims of school violence. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 24(4), 473.

  • Farrington, D. P. (1993). Understanding and preventing bullying. Crime and Justice, 17, 381-458.

  • Freeman, J. G., King, M. A., & Coe, H. (2014). Health behaviour in school-aged children: Trends report 1990-2010. Public Health Agency of Canada= Agence de la sante publique du Canada.

  • Friedman, P. H. (1992,). Friedman Weil-Being Scale and professional manual, foundation for well-being. Plymouth Meeting. Palo Alto, CA: PA.

  • Friedman, P. H. (1994). Friedman well-being scale and professional manual: Manual, questionnaire, scoring sheets. Sampler set. Mind Garden.

  • Garcia, A. S., & Margallo, E. M. (2014). Bullying: What's going on? A bibliographic review of last twelve months. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 132, 269- 276.

  • Glaso, L., Matthiesen, S. B., Nielsen, M. B., & Einarsen, S. (2007). Do targets of workplace bullying portray a general victim personality profile? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 48(4), 313-319.

  • Glew, G. M, Fan, M. Y, Katon, W., Rivara, F. P, & Kernic, M. A. (2005). Bullying, psychosocial adjustment, and academic performance in elementary school. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 759(11), 1026-1031.

  • Glumbic, N., & Zunic-Pavlovic, V. (2010). Bullying behavior in children with intellectual disability. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 2784-2788.

  • Guerin, S., &Hennessy, E. (2002). Pupils' definitions of bullying. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 17(3), 249-261.

  • Hanish, L. D., & Guerra, N. G. (2000). Children who get victimized at school: What is knownlWhatcanbe donel Professional School Counseling, 4(2), 113-119.

  • Harris, S., & Petrie, G. F. (2003). Bullying: The bullies, the victims, the bystanders. Scarecrow Press.

  • Hertz, M. F., Donato, I., & Wright, J. (2013). Bullying and suicide: A public health approach. Journalof AdolescentHealth, 53(1), SI-S3.

  • Hong, J. S., & Espelage, D. L. (2012). A review of research on bullying and peer victimization in school: An ecological system analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(4),311-322.

  • Houbre, B., Tarquinio, C, Thuillier, I., & Hergott, E. (2006). Bullying among students and its consequences on health. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 21(2), 183-208.

  • Hymel, S., Swearer, S., Gillette, P., & Daniels, D. (2009). Bullying at school and online: An education, com Special Edition.

  • Jacobson, R. B. (2007). School bullying and current educational practice: Re-imagining theories of educational transformation. Teachers College Record, 109(S), 1931- 1956.

  • Jamir, T, Devi, N. P., Lenin, R. K., Roshan, L., & Sameeta, N. G. (2014). The relationship between bullying victimization, self-esteem and depression among school-going adolescents. International Journal in Management and Social Science, 2(12), 477-489.

  • Jansen, P. W., Verlinden, M., Dommisse-van Berkel, A., Mieloo, C, van der Ende, J.. Veenstra, R, & Tiemeier, H. (2012). Prevalence of bullying and victimization among children in early elementary school: Do family and school neighbourhood socioeconomic status matter? BMC'PublicHealth, 12(1), 494.

  • Juvonen, J., Graham, S.,& Schuster, M. A. (2003). Bullying among young adolescents: The strong, the weak, and the troubled. Pediatrics, 112(6), 1231-1237.

  • Kokkinos, C. M., & Kipritsi, E. (2012). The relationship between bullying. victimization, trait emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and empathy among preadolescents. Social Psychology of Education, 75(l),41-58.

  • Kristensen, S. M., & Smith, P. K. (2003). The use of coping strategies by Danish children classed as bullies, victims, bully/victims, and not involved, in response to different (hypothetical) types of bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 44(S 479-488.

  • Land, D. (2003). Teasing apart secondary students conceptualizations of peer teasing. bullying and sexual harassment. School Psychology International, 24(2), 147-165.

  • Langos, C. (2012). Cyberbullying: The challenge to define. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(6), 285-289.

  • Leadbeater, B. J., Sukhawathanakul, P., Smith, A., Thompson, R S. Y, Gladstone, E. J.. & Sklar, N. (2013). Bullying and victimization in rural schools: Risks, reasons, and responses. JournalofRuralandCommunity Development, 8(1), 31-47'.

  • Lee, C. (2004). Preventing bullying in schools: A guide for teachers and other professionals. Sage.

  • Lemstra, M., Rogers, M., Redgate, L., Garner, M., & Moraros, J. (2011). Prevalence. risk indicators and outcomes of bullying among on-reserve First Nations youth. Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue Canadienne de Sante'e Publique, 201(6), 462-466.

  • Machimbarrena, J. M., & Garaigordobil, M. (2017). Bullying/Cyberbullying in 5th and 6th grade: differences between public and private schools. Anales de Psicologia/ Annals of 'Psychology, 33(2), 319-326.

  • Mark, L., & Ratliffe, K. T. (2011). Cyber worlds: New playgrounds for bullying. Computers in the Schools, 28(2), 92-116.

  • McGuckin, C, Cummins, P. K., & Lewis, C. A. (2009). Bully/victim problems in northern Ireland's schools: data from the 2003 young Persons behavior and attitude survey. Adolescence, 44(174), 347.

  • McGuckin, C, Lewis, A. C, & Cummins, P. K. (2010). Experiences of school bullying. psychological well-being and stress in Northern Ireland: Data from the 2004 young life and times survey. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 31 (1-2), 53-61.

  • Milnes, K., Turner-Moore, T., Gough, B., Denison, J., Gatere, L., Haslam, C, & Zoppi. I. (2015). Sexual bullying in young people across five European countries: Research report for the Addressing Sexual Bullying Across Europe (ASBAE) Project. Leeds. Zdruzenokraljestvo:Avtor http://www.asbae.eu/

  • Murphy, E.,&Lewers,R. (2000). The hidden hurt. Ballarat, Australia: WizardBooks.

  • Nolin, M. J., Davies, E., & Chandler, K. (1996). Student victimization at school. Journal of SchoolHealth, 55(6), 216-221.

  • 'Moore,M. (2010). Understanding bullying in schools. ISBN 9781847302182

  • Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(7), 1171- 1190.

  • Olweus, D. (1996). Bullying at school: Knowledge base and an effective intervention program. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 794(1), 265-276.

  • Olweus, D. (1997). Bully/victim problems in school: Facts and intervention. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 12(4),495.

  • Olweus, D. (2003). A profile of bullying at school. Educational Leadership, 60(6), 12- 17.

  • Olweus, D. (2007). The Olweus bullying questionnaire. Center City, MN: Hazelden.

  • Prinstein, M. J., Boergers, J., & Vernberg, E. M. (2001). Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social-psychological adjustment of aggressors and victims. Journal of ClinicalChildPsychology, 30(4), 41'9-491.

  • Ramdass, M., Birbal, R, Harripaul, C, & Alleyne, G. (2017). Sexual bullying in young people across five European countries: Research report for the Addressing. Sexual Bullying Across Europe (ASBAE) Project. Leeds, Zdruzeno kraljestvo: Avtor http ://www.asbae.eu/.

  • Rigby, K. (1996). Bullying in schools: And what to do about it. Melbourne: Australian Council for Educational Research.

  • Rigby, K. (2002). New perspectives on bullying. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

  • Rigby, K. (2002b). Bullying in childhood. Blackwell Publishing.

  • Rigby, K. (2003). Stop thebullying: A handbookforschools. Aust Council for EdResearch.

  • Rigby, K. (2007). Bullying in schools: And what to do about it. Aust Council for Ed Research.

  • Rivers, I., & Smith, P. K. (1994). Types of bullying behaviour and their correlates. Aggressive Behavior, 20(5), 359-368.

  • Sanders, C. E., & Phye, G. D. (Eds.). (2004). Bullying: Implications for the classroom. Academic Press.

  • Sandhu, D., Kaur, M., & Kaur, K. (2015). Bully victimization and pupil well-being. Indian Journal of Health and Well-being, 5(3), 260.

  • Smith, P.K., Cowie, H., & Sharp, S. (1994). Working directly with pupils involved in bullying situations. In PK. Smith and S. Sharp (Eds.), School bullying: Insights and perspectives (pp.193-212). London: Routledge.

  • Smokowski, P. R, & Kopasz, K. H. (2005). Bullying in school: An overview of types. effects, family characteristics, and intervention strategies. Children and Schools, 27(2), 101-110.

  • Smokowski, P. R., Cotter, K. L., Robertson, C. I., & Guo, S. (2013). Anxiety and aggression in rural youth: Baseline results from the rural adaptation project. Child Psychiatry andHuman Development, 44(4), 479-492.

  • Solberg, M. E., & Olweus, D. (2003). Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the olweus bully/victim questionnaire. Aggressive Behavior, 29(3), 239-268.

  • Sullivan, K., Cleary, M., & Sullivan, G. (2003). Bullying in secondary schools: What it looks like and how to manage it. Sage.

  • Sullivan, K., Cleary, M., & Sullivan, G. (2004). Bullying in secondary schools: What it looks like and how to manage it. London: Paul Chapman Publishing and Corwin Press.

  • Swearer, S. M., & Espelage, D.L. (2008). Introduction: A social-ecological framework of bullying among youth. In L.E. Espelage and S.M. Swearer (Eds.), Bullying in American schools. A social-ecological perspective on prevention and intervention (pp. 1-12). London: Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates,Publishers.

  • Terefe, D., & Mengistu, D. (1997). Violence in Ethiopian schools: A study of some schools in Addis Ababa. Violence at school: Global issues and interventions, Paris: UNESCO/IBE.

  • Ttofi, M. M., & Farrington, D. P. (2011). Effectiveness of school-based programs to reduce bullying: A systematic and meta-analytic review. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 7(1), 27-56.

  • Wolke, D., & Skew, A. J. (2012). Bullying among siblings. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 24(1), 17-25.

  • Wolke, D., Woods, S., Bloomfield, L., & Karstadt, L. (2000). The association between direct and relational bullying and behaviour problems among primary school children. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 47(8),989-1002.

  • Wolke, D., Woods, S., Bloomfield, L., & Karstadt, L. (2001). Bullying involvement in primary school and common health problems. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 85(3), 197-201.

  • Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1308-1316.

  • Zhu, Y, & Chan, K. L. (2015). Prevalence and correlates of school bullying victimization in Xi'an, China. Violence Viet, 30,714-732.


Abstract Views: 257

PDF Views: 0




  • Bullying among Ethiopian and Indian School Students:A Comparative Study

Abstract Views: 257  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Damanjit Sandhu
Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
Kirandeep Kaur
Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
Waktole Demisew Hirpa
Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India

Abstract


Bullying refers to repeated behaviour by one or more individuals that are intended to impose physical and psychological harm to and social isolation of one or more victims through physical, verbal, and relational aggression for an extended period of time. Involvement in bullying as a victim is associated with impaired psychological well-being. Almost all studies of school bullying agree that it is a widespread problem; however, there are variations in reporting the magnitude. In line with this, the objective of the current study is to estimate the prevalence rate of bullying victimization and to investigate the psychological well-being correlates of bullying victimization among elementary school students of Ethiopia and India. A total of 2,377 (1,156 male & 1,221 female) students aged between 11 to 18 years from India (n=l 568; 428 Males & 496 Females ) and Ethiopia (n=809; 406 Males & 403 Females) were sampled from a total of 13 schools (5 Indian schools & 8 Ethiopian schools) using multistage and random sampling techniques. Data were collected using: 1) The Revised Olweus Bully /Victimization Questionnaire; and 2) Friedman Well-being Scale. It is found that 37.6% of the participants in Ethiopia were bully victimized against 39.9% in India. Though slightly higher proportions of male pupils were bully victimized in Ethiopia, significantly higher proportions of female pupils were bully victimized in India. Strong and significant negative correlations were found between bullying victimization and psychological well-being for both the countries. It can be concluded from the findings of the study that bullying victimization is prevalent in both Ethiopian and Indian schools and is negatively associated with psychological well-being of pupils. The results of the study are discussed in terms of their implications for school practice and future research directions.

Keywords


Bullying, Victimization, Psychological Well-Being.

References