Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research

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Assessment of Yield and Nutrient Losses Due to Weeds in Maize Based Cropping Systems


Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, COA, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India
 

The present study was carried out in a continuing experiment at the Bhadiarkhar farm of the Department of Agronomy, CSKHPKV, Palampur during 2012-13 and 2013-14. The soil was silty clay loam in texture, high in OC (0.99%), medium in available N (305.1 kg/ha) and high in available P (78.5 kg/ha) and K (117.4 kg/ha). There were eight cropping systems [C1-Maize-Wheat, C2-Maize (Green cob)+Frenchbean (Pol)-Pea-Summer squash; C3-Maize + Soybean-Garlic; C4-Maize (Green cob)-Broccoli-Potato; C5-Maize+Asparagus bean-Radish-Onion; C6-Maize (Green cob)+Urd bean-Cauliflower-Frenchbean; C7-Maize (Green cob)+Ricebean-Cauliflower-Buckwheat and C8-Maize (Green cob)+Asparagus bean -Broccoli-Radish] being tested in RBD with four replications. In each experimental plot three weed management situations (S1-normal weed control, S2-no weed control/weedy check and S3-supplement weed control) were maintained and observations on crops and weeds were recorded. There were 28 weed species which invaded different maize based cropping systems. During kharif, S2 situation encompasses 6-7 weeds during 2013, S1 6-7 during 2012 and 8-9 during 2013, whereas in the S3 only 3-4 species were present during both years. Commelina benghalensis (56% and 41% during 2012 and 2013, respectively) and Ageratum (21% and 33%) were the predominant weeds. In rabi, Coronopus didymus, Phalaris minor and Spergula arvensis (54, 22 and 14%, respectively during 2012-13 and 31, 7 and 28% during 2013-14) were the main weeds. Irrespective of the situation, under the new cropping systems 5-10 weed species were similar whereas, 0-5 species were new as compared to the prevalent maize-wheat cropping system during the rabi season. Maize+asparagus bean -adish-onion gave 245 and 503.9% higher maize grain equivalent yield over maize-wheat during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively. N depletion by weeds ranged from 608 to 695 and 309.1 to 461.2, P from 121.6 to 177.1 and 71.1 to 99.6 and K from 202.7 to 432.5 and 118.4 to 166.0 kg/ha/annum, during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively. Weeds inflicted huge yield losses ranging from 15.7% in C6 to 35.6% in C1.

Keywords

Maize Based Cropping Systems, Weeds, Shannon Weir Index, Nutrient Losses, Yield Losses.
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  • Assessment of Yield and Nutrient Losses Due to Weeds in Maize Based Cropping Systems

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Authors

Suresha
Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, COA, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India
Ashish Kumar
Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, COA, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India
S. S. Rana
Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, COA, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India
S. C. Negi
Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, COA, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India
Suresh Kumar
Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, COA, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India

Abstract


The present study was carried out in a continuing experiment at the Bhadiarkhar farm of the Department of Agronomy, CSKHPKV, Palampur during 2012-13 and 2013-14. The soil was silty clay loam in texture, high in OC (0.99%), medium in available N (305.1 kg/ha) and high in available P (78.5 kg/ha) and K (117.4 kg/ha). There were eight cropping systems [C1-Maize-Wheat, C2-Maize (Green cob)+Frenchbean (Pol)-Pea-Summer squash; C3-Maize + Soybean-Garlic; C4-Maize (Green cob)-Broccoli-Potato; C5-Maize+Asparagus bean-Radish-Onion; C6-Maize (Green cob)+Urd bean-Cauliflower-Frenchbean; C7-Maize (Green cob)+Ricebean-Cauliflower-Buckwheat and C8-Maize (Green cob)+Asparagus bean -Broccoli-Radish] being tested in RBD with four replications. In each experimental plot three weed management situations (S1-normal weed control, S2-no weed control/weedy check and S3-supplement weed control) were maintained and observations on crops and weeds were recorded. There were 28 weed species which invaded different maize based cropping systems. During kharif, S2 situation encompasses 6-7 weeds during 2013, S1 6-7 during 2012 and 8-9 during 2013, whereas in the S3 only 3-4 species were present during both years. Commelina benghalensis (56% and 41% during 2012 and 2013, respectively) and Ageratum (21% and 33%) were the predominant weeds. In rabi, Coronopus didymus, Phalaris minor and Spergula arvensis (54, 22 and 14%, respectively during 2012-13 and 31, 7 and 28% during 2013-14) were the main weeds. Irrespective of the situation, under the new cropping systems 5-10 weed species were similar whereas, 0-5 species were new as compared to the prevalent maize-wheat cropping system during the rabi season. Maize+asparagus bean -adish-onion gave 245 and 503.9% higher maize grain equivalent yield over maize-wheat during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively. N depletion by weeds ranged from 608 to 695 and 309.1 to 461.2, P from 121.6 to 177.1 and 71.1 to 99.6 and K from 202.7 to 432.5 and 118.4 to 166.0 kg/ha/annum, during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively. Weeds inflicted huge yield losses ranging from 15.7% in C6 to 35.6% in C1.

Keywords


Maize Based Cropping Systems, Weeds, Shannon Weir Index, Nutrient Losses, Yield Losses.