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Surendran, U.

FAO-CROPWAT Model-Based Estimation of Crop Water Need and Appraisal of Water Resources for Sustainable Water Resource Management:Pilot Study for Kollam District - Humid Tropical Region of Kerala, India

Abstract Views :247 | PDF Views:82

Authors

U. Surendran ¹, C. M. Sushanth ¹, George Mammen ¹, E. J. Joseph ¹

Affiliations
1 Water Management Division (Agriculture), Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode 673 571, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 112, No 01 (2017), Pagination: 76-86

Abstract

An effort has been made to calculate the water needs for various crops in different agro-ecological units (AEUs) of Kollam district (a humid tropical region of Kerala) using FAO-CROPWAT. The major cultivated crops are rice, coconut, rubber, pepper, banana, brinjal, tomato, tapioca, cardamom, tea, etc. The gross water required for these crops has been computed in various AEUs using meteorological parameters. Using evapotranspiration and effective rainfall in each unit, a water balance has been worked out. An overall water balance of the district has been attempted by considering irrigation, domestic and industrial demand of AEUs, under current scenario and future demand. The gross irrigation demand for the currently irrigated area in the district at 70% efficiency is 1045 mm³, of which 920 mm³ is supplied from surface water sources and 125 mm³ from groundwater sources. The projected future total water demands for irrigation, drinking and industrial purposes will be 2667 mm³. However, the utilizable water resource from all river basins of Kollam is only 1117 mm³. The above data shows a deficit of 1550 mm³ and it will be difficult to arrive at requirements with the existing water resources at a given point of time. We infer that if the total area is brought under irrigation, there will be water scarce years, and hence decreasing irrigation or the command area needs to be adopted to manage this shortfall and sustain production. We have also discussed several options/strategies for better water management under these changing climatic circumstances to provide water to meet the demands of all the users.

Keywords

Crop Water Requirement, CROPWAT, Evapotranspiration, Effective Rainfall, Irrigation Demand.

Full Text

Influence of Open and Polyhouse Conditions on Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission from Amaranthus Plots with Different Nutrient Management Practices under Changing Climate Scenario

Abstract Views :196 | PDF Views:78

Authors

U. Surendran ¹, Aswathy K. Vijayan ¹, V. Bujair ¹, E. J. Joseph ¹

Affiliations
1 Water Management (Agriculture) Division, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode 673 571, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 06 (2018), Pagination: 1311-1317

Abstract

A field study was conducted using Amaranthus to assess the impact of increased temperature in polyhouse with three different treatments, viz. 100% organic, 100% inorganic and 50% organic + 50% inorganic nutrition on growth, yield and carbon dioxide (CO₂) evolution compared to that of open natural condition. Among the different treatments applied, 100% application of organic manure resulted in maximum CO₂ emission in both open (538 mg) and polyhouse conditions (551 mg). The lowest value of CO₂ evolution (266 mg) was observed with 100% application of inorganic fertilizers under polyhouse conditions. In all the three treatments, CO₂ evolution almost reached a plateau and stabilized during the last two observations. At the last interval, CO₂ evolution ranged from 4.00 to 6.80 mg in all the treatments. However, cumulative CO₂ evolution showed that the emission was higher under open natural conditions (434 mg) compared to the polyhouse conditions (398 mg) at elevated temperature. This indicated that the microbial respiration was higher under natural conditions. Ambient air temperature and soil temperature were higher under polyhouse condition than open natural condition. However, soil moisture was higher under open condition than polyhouse condition for most observations. It could be observed from the experiment that Amaranthus production declined with increase in temperature, and maximum yield was obtained with 100% application of organic manure under open condition. Under elevated temperature condition in polyhouse, 50% application of inorganic fertilizer + 50% application of organic manure (T₃) registered the maximum crop production. This suggests that sufficient mitigation strategies need to be adopted for sustaining crop production under changing climate scenario.

Keywords

Amaranthus, Carbon Dioxide Emission, Crop Productivity, Soil Temperature.

Full Text

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Surendran, U., Sushanth, C. M., Mammen, G. and Joseph E. J., Modeling the impacts of increase in temperature on irrigation water requirements in Palakkad district – a case study in humid tropical Kerala. J. Water Climate Change, 2014, 5, 471–487.

Surendran, U., Sushanth, C. M., Mammen, G. and Joseph, E. J., FAO-CROPWAT model-based estimation of crop water need and appraisal of water resources for sustainable water resource management: pilot study for Kollam district – humid tropical region of Kerala, India. Curr. Sci., 2017, 112, 76–86.

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Quantifying Carbon Sequestration Potential of Soils in An Agro-Ecological Region Scale

Abstract Views :178 | PDF Views:84

Authors

K. Rajan ¹, P. Raja ¹, D. Dinesh ², Sanjeev Kumar ³, B. P. Bhatt ³, U. Surendran ⁴, Deo Karan ⁵, B. P. Bhaskar ⁶

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Udhagamandalam 643 004, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Vasad 388 306, IN
3 ICAR Research Complex for the Eastern Region, PO: Bihar Veterinary College, Patna 800 013, IN
4 Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Calicut 673 571, IN
5 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Buxar 802 103, IN
6 ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 8 (2021), Pagination: 1334-1341

Abstract

Soil potential to store organic carbon was assessed in the hot sub-humid dry Agro-Ecological Region (AER) of the Indo-Gangetic Plains under Recent alluvium of southern Bihar, India. The study was carried out in four prevailing cropping systems, viz. Rice–Wheat– Fallow (R–W–F), Pearl millet–Wheat–Fallow (P–W– F), pigeon pea (monoculture) and vegetable cultivation. Two different recovery factors were used to estimate Total Organic Carbon (TOC), which yielded similar results. The Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) was found highest in pigeon pea-grown soils (69.2 tonnes ha^–1) followed by R–W–F (56.2 tonnes ha^–1) and vegetable cultivation (55.8 tonnes ha^–1). The lowest SOC stock was found with P–W–F (19.2 tonnes ha^–1). The differences in SOC stock between pigeon pea and that of rice–wheat, vegetables and pearl millet–wheat are 13.0, 13.4 and 50.0 t ha^–1 respectively, that are the quantity of organic carbon can be sequestered further in these three land uses from 47.71, 49.12 and 183.50 tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere respectively. Highly significant positive correlation of soil qualities parameters such as available nitrogen (r² = 0.25), copper (r² = 0.45), zinc (r² = 0.31) and dehydrogenase activity (r² = 0.44) was found with SOC stock under the hot, sub-humid, dry, AER of southern Bihar. Similar assessment can be done in any AER and the potential of soils can be identified to increase carbon sequestration from the atmosphere.

Keywords

Agro-Ecological Region, Cropping Systems, Organic Carbon Stock, Recent Alluvium, Soil Quality.

Full Text

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