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Adak, Totan

Predicting the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Potential Distribution Under Climatic Change Scenarios in India

Abstract Views :200 | PDF Views:76

Authors

Govindharaj Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi ¹, Jaipal Singh Choudhary ², Abel Chemura ³, G. Basana-Gowda ¹, Mahendran Annamalai ¹, Naveenkumar Patil ¹, Totan Adak ¹, Prakash Chandra Rath ⁴

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
2 ICAR-RCER, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi 834 010, IN
3 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), A Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, DE
4 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 12 (2021), Pagination: 1600-1609

Abstract

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is the most serious pest of rice across the world. It is also known to transmit stunted viral disease; the insect alone or in combination with a virus causes the breakdown of rice vascular system, leading to economic losses in commercial rice production. Despite its immense economic importance, information on its potential distribution and factors governing the present and future distribution patterns is limited. Thus, in the present study we used maximum entropy modelling with bioclimatic variables to predict the present and future potential distribution of N. lugens in India as an indicator of risk. The predictions were mapped for spatio-temporal variation and area was analysed under suitability ranges. Jackknife analysis indicated that N. lugens geographic distribution was mostly influenced by temperature-based variables that explain up to 68.7% of the distribution, with precipitation factors explaining the rest. Among individual factors, the most important for distribution of N. lugens was annual mean temperature followed by precipitation of coldest quarter and precipitation seasonality. Our results highlight that the highly suitable areas under current climate conditions are 7.3%, whereas all projections show an increase under changing climatic conditions with time up to 2090, and with emission scenarios and a corresponding decrease in low-risk areas. We conclude that climate change increases the risk of N. lugens with increased temperature as it is likely to spread to the previously unsuitable areas in India, demanding adaptation strategies.

Keywords

Climate Change, Maximum Entropy Modeling, Nilaparvata lugens, Potential Distribution, Rice.

Full Text

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Molecular diversity of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) from India based on internal transcribed spacer 1 gene

Abstract Views :167 | PDF Views:78

Authors

Govindharaj Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi ¹, Aashish Kumar Anant ¹, Jaipal Singh Choudhary ², Soumya Bharati Babu ¹, G. Basana-Gowda ¹, M. Annamalai ¹, Naveenkumar Patil ¹, Totan Adak ¹, P. Panneerselvam ¹, Prakash Chandra Rath ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
2 ICAR-RCER Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi 834 010, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 122, No 12 (2022), Pagination: 1392-1400

Abstract

Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is the major pest of rice in India and causes significant yield loss. It causes damage by sucking the plant sap leading to a characteristic symptom called ‘hopper burn’. The present study was undertaken to assess the genetic variability of N. lugens populations from different rice ecologies in India, to comprehend and assist in planning proper management strategies. We evaluated the molecular diversity in 17 N. lugens populations based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITSI) gene sequences. In all, 53 unique haplotypes were identified and their numbers varied from 1 to 10 in the sampled populations. Genetic diversity indices like nucleotide diversity, haplotype number, haplotype diversity and average number of nucleotide differences revealed low to high levels of genetic diversity among the populations. A highly significant negative relation of Fu’s F and Tajima’s D tests with insignificant sum of square deviation (SSD) values indicated possible recent expansion of N. lugens in different Indian regions with a population expansion time of 3.9 million years. A non-significant correlation in isolation pattern by distance indicated that geographic barriers present in India are inadequate to bring genetic differentiation among N. lugens from different migratory populations. In the present study, the ITSI gene sequence was used to analyse genetic structure among N. lugens in India.

Keywords

Genetic Structure, Haplotypes, Molecular Diversity, Nilaparvata Lugens, Rice

Full Text

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Population genetic structure and migration pattern of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) populations in India based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences

Abstract Views :160 | PDF Views:77

Authors

Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi Govindharaj ¹, Jaipal Singh Choudhary ², Aashish Kumar Anant ³, C. Parameswaran ³, G. Basana-Gowda ³, Totan Adak ³, P. Paneerselvam ³, M. Annamalai ³, Naveenkumar Patil ³, Prakash Chandra Rath ³

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, India
2 ICAR-Reseach Complex for Eastern Region, Farming Systems Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi 834 010, India
3 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, India

Source

Current Science, Vol 123, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 461-470

Abstract

Despite the economic and ecological impact of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens infestation associated with rice cultivation in India, studies on its genetic structure are lacking. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the genetic variability of N. lugens in India. The study evaluated the diversity in N. lugens populations using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene sequences from India, and compared them with the Bangladesh, China and Japan populations. In all, 47 unique haplotypes were identified and the haplotype number varied from 6 to 18 in the sampled populations. Genetic diversity indices like nucleotide diversity (0.004), average number of nucleotide differences (1.98), haplotype diversity (0.667) and haplotype number (47) of N. lugens populations from India revealed a low level of genetic diversity. A highly significant negative correlation of the demographic history of N. lugens populations along with no significant sum of square deviations indicated possible recent expansion of the brown planthopper in India. A non-significant correlation in isolation pattern by distance results indicated that geographic barriers present in the country are not sufficient for genetic differentiation among N. lugens from different migratory populations. In this study, the genetic diversity of N. lugens populations from India is compared with other Asian populations

Full Text

References

Pandi, G.G.P., Chander, S., Pal, M. and Pathak, H., Impact of elevated CO₂ and temperature on brown planthopper population in rice ecosystem. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India, Sect. B, 2016, 88(1), 57–64; doi:10.1007/s40011-016-0727-x.

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Volatile Cues from Corcyra cephalonica Larva Elicit Behavioural Responses in Parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor

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Authors

G. Basana Gowda ¹, Totan Adak ¹, P. D. Kamala Jayanthi ², P. Saravan Kumar ², G. GuruPirasanna-Pandi ¹, Naveenkumar B. Patil ¹, A. Annamalai ¹, P. C. Rath ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
2 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560 089, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 125, No 2 (2023), Pagination: 183-190

Abstract

The rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a serious pest of grains in storage systems resulting in immense losses but is also widely used as a factitious host for mass rearing of many important natural enemies of crop pests. Given the role of kairomones, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify potential cues from the larval body wash of C. cephalonica, which could attract its gregarious ecto-parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Gas chromatography with electroantennography (GC-EAG) and olfactory assays were used to demonstrate the attraction of female H. hebetor to different larval body volatiles. A total of 15 EAG-active compounds were discovered in the body wash of C. cephalonica larvae that triggered a response in female H. hebetor. Among them, four compounds (p-xylene, naphthalene, n-eicosane and n-tricosane) were bioassayed for the behavioural response of parasitoids and found that n-eicosane significantly attracted a higher number of parasitoids than others. Our work establishes the attraction of H. hebetor to volatile kairomone cues emanating from the factitious host larval body, which offers an opportunity for its parasitoid, H. hebetor to improve the mass rearing efficiency

Keywords

Behavioural Assays, GC-EAG, GC-MS, Larval Volatiles, Olfactometer.

Full Text

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Genome Organization and Comparative Evolutionary Mitochondriomics of Rice Earhead Bug Leptocorisa oratoria (Fabricius)

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Authors

Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi Govindharaj ¹, M. Annamalai ¹, Jaipal Singh Choudhary ², G. Basana-Gowda ¹, Totan Adak ¹, Naiyar Naaz ², Naveenkumar Patil ¹, Enrico Ruzzier ³, Prakash Chandra Rath ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
2 ICAR-Research Complex for the Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi 834 010, IN
3 World Biodiversity Association Onlus, C/o Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 9, 37129 Verona, IT

Source

Current Science, Vol 125, No 4 (2023), Pagination: 407-415

Abstract

The rice earhead bug, Leptocorisa oratoria (Fabricius, 1794) is a critical rice pest in India. No mitochondrial genome of L. oratoria has been sequenced earlier, and the mitochondrial data are crucial for phylogenetic and population genetic studies of this significant rice pest. In the present study, the genome of L. oratoria is 17,584 bp long with 73.57% AT content. We observed tandem repeat in the control region. Analyses from genetic distance, sliding window and K_a/K_s ratio revealed a purifying selection of 13 protein-coding genes, with cox1 and nad2 reporting the lowest and highest rate of evolution respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was reconstructed using 65 pentatomid mitogenomes with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. The results help differentiate the Coreoidea superfamily from Lygaeoidea, Aradoidea and Pentatomoidea. There were two topologies at the family level, i.e. one clade formed with Coreidae + Rhopalidae + Alydidae, and the rest of the families of Pentatomomorpha formed in separate clades. Further, L. oratoria produced an independent subclade from the earlier reported Leptocorisa sp. genome. This study provides a source mitogenome for L. oratoria species to study population demography, individual differences and phylogeography of hemipterans.

Keywords

Mitogenome, Next Generation Sequencing, Population Genetics, Phylogeny, Rice Earhead Bug.

Full Text

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