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Chander, Subhash

Impact of Elevated CO₂ on Oryza sativa Phenology and Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera:Delphacidae) Population

Abstract Views :239 | PDF Views:68

Authors

G. Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi ¹, Subhash Chander ¹, Madan Pal ², P. S. Soumia ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 08 (2018), Pagination: 1767-1777

Abstract

The impact of elevated CO₂ (570 ± 25 ppm) on brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and Pusa Basmati 1401 rice in comparison to ambient CO₂ was studied in open top chambers (OTCs) during the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014. Crop canopy circumference was higher (13.1–16.8 cm) under elevated CO₂ when compared to ambient CO₂ (10.3–13.1 cm) during different rice phenological stages indicating the positive influence of elevated CO₂. In addition, elevated CO₂ exhibited a positive effect on rice plants through increase in tiller number (17.6%), reproductive tiller number (16.2%), number of seeds/panicle (15.1%) and thousand grains weight (10.8%) that resulted in higher grain yield (15%) when compared to ambient CO₂. Elevated CO₂ also exhibited a positive effect on brown planthopper population through increase in fecundity (29% and 31.6%) which resulted in a significant increase in its population to 150.3 ± 16.4 and 97.7 ± 8.7 hoppers/hill at peak incidence during 2013 and 2014 respectively, when compared to the corresponding 49.1 ± 9.3 and 43.7 ± 7.0 hoppers/hill under ambient CO₂. Moreover, brown planthopper females excreted more honeydew (68.2% and 72.3%) under elevated CO₂ over ambient CO₂ during both years. However, elevated CO₂ caused reduction in the longevity of females (23.9–27.4%) during both years and male longevity (24.1%) during 2013. Despite the positive effect, rice crops suffered higher yield loss under elevated CO₂ (29.9–34.9%) due to increased brown planthopper infestation coupled with higher sucking rate due to reduced nitrogen level under elevated CO₂ compared to ambient CO₂ (17–23.1%) during 2013 and 2014.

Keywords

Brown Planthopper, Climate Change, Elevated CO₂, Hopper Burn, Poaceae, Yield Loss.

Full Text

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Imidacloprid Efficacy against Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens under Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature

Abstract Views :247 | PDF Views:75

Authors

Govindharaj Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi ¹, Subhash Chander ¹, Madan Pal Singh ¹, P. S. Soumia ¹, M. Sujithra ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 117, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1199-1206

Abstract

Influence of elevated CO₂ and temperature (elevated condition (EC)) vis-à-vis ambient CO2 and tempera-ture (ambient condition (AC)) on plant (rice) growth, insect Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper (BPH)) population and insecticide (Imidacloprid) efficacy was evaluated under open top chamber conditions. EC had a positive effect on rice crop through increase in tillers numbers (18.4%), reproductive tillers (20.5%) but in-flicted negative effect on 1000-grain weight (11.7%) and grain yield (11.9%). Likewise, higher canopy cover of the plant was noticed under EC (16.1 cm) when compared to AC (12.9 cm). With respect to BPH population during 2013 and 2014, EC exhibited posi-tive effect by enhancing its mean population to 66.1 and 49.4 hoppers hill^–1 respectively, compared to cor-responding 36.8 and 29.5 hoppers hill^–1 under AC. With respect to Imidacloprid efficacy against BPH, LC50 was significantly lower under EC (0.044%) in comparison to AC (0.065). Similarly, in 2013 under AC, 500, 600, 700 l ha^–1 spray volume caused >50% BPH mortality than 400 l ha^–1 at 5 day after spray. However, during the same exposure period under EC, only 700 and 600 l ha^–1 produced more than 50% mortality compared to 500 and 400 l ha^–1. Positive in-fluence of EC on BPH population resulted in signifi-cantly higher yield loss (41.1%) compared to ambient (26.5%) in untreated check. Though LC50 under EC was less, higher canopy size and more BPH population resulted in increase in spray volume to cause similar mortality as of AC. The present results indicated that spray volumes of 400 and 500 l ha^–1 was found insuffi-cient to manage BPH population under EC; hence the current management strategies for BPH needs to be redefined under changing climatic conditions.

Keywords

Basmati Rice, Brown Planthopper, Climate Change, Elevated CO₂, Insecticide.

Full Text

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Genetic Homogeneity in Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) as Revealed from Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I

Abstract Views :162 | PDF Views:71

Authors

N. Srinivasa ¹, Subhash Chander ², Twinkle ², Rahul Kumar Chandel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
2 Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 119, No 6 (2020), Pagination: 1045-1050

Abstract

Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is a seasonal migrant pest in North India. The present study analyses the genetic diversity of N. lugens by employing a partial fragment of the mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome oxidase I (COI) using samples from 16 different localities of India. Total of 16 full-length COI gene sequences generated from this study with 16 COI gene sequences retrieved from GenBank were analysed for genetic differentiation and haplotypes of N. lugens populations in order to determine the genetic structure. Based on the partial COI gene, high genetic homogeneity was detected in N. lugens populations of India and they form a single genetic group. The Tajima’s D test and Fu’s F test also support our result, and indicate recent population expansion, while the phylogenetic tree suggests that geographically distinct populations of N. lugens do not exist in India.

Keywords

Brown Planthopper, Cytochrome Oxidase I, Genetic Homogeneity, Phylogenetic Tree.

Full Text

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Insects: biodiversity, threat status and conservation approaches

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Authors

Kerur Vishwanath Raghavendra ¹, Thangavel Bhoopathi ², Ravi Gowthami ³, Manikyanahalli Chandrashekara Keerthi ⁴, Sachin Suresh Suroshe ⁵, K. B. Ramesh ⁵, Shivakumara Kadanakuppe Thammayya ⁶, Subhash Shivaramu ⁷, Subhash Chander ⁸

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi - 110 012, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad - 500 030, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources, New Delhi - 110 012, IN
4 ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi - 284 001, IN
5 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, IN
6 ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand 387 310, IN
7 ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Modipuram - 250 110, IN
8 ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 122, No 12 (2022), Pagination: 1374-1384

Abstract

Insects are an important component of the ecosystem and fast dwindling of its diversity is reported globally. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed a total of 77,435 species of insects between 1996 and 2020, of which 18,180 (23.47%) species are reported to be threatened and the majority of threatened species was reported in Odonata followed by Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Out of 1843 species listed as critically endangered, endangered, extinct, extinct in wild and vulnerable, from the literature it was found that 596 are predators, 40 are pollinators, 164 are saprophagous, 620 are herbivores, 272 are omnivores, 137 are parasites and 14 are unknown. This study provides concise information on insect diversity, global threat status and major driving factors for population decline, which will be helpful in determining the priority insect groups that require conservation.

Keywords

Conservation Approaches, Ecological Indicators, Insect Biodiversity, Population Decline, Threatened Species

Full Text

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Chander, Subhash

Impact of Elevated CO2 on Oryza sativa Phenology and Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera:Delphacidae) Population

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Insects: biodiversity, threat status and conservation approaches

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Impact of Elevated CO₂ on Oryza sativa Phenology and Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera:Delphacidae) Population