Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Ahmed, Sirajuddin
- Air Quality Assessment and its Relation to Potential Health Impacts in Delhi, India
Abstract Views :264 |
PDF Views:89
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110 025, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110 025, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110 025, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 5 (2015), Pagination: 902-909Abstract
The main objective of the air quality index (AQI) system is to interpret air quality in a standardized indicator to enable the public to understand the likely health and environmental impacts of air pollutant concentration levels monitored on any given day. The daily averaged concentration data of air pollutants of monitoring sites under the National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme of Delhi were analysed for the period 2001-2010 using the AQI system. This study was undertaken to (i) evaluate the trends of air quality for the past 10 years, (ii) ascertain the association of air quality with mortality and respiratory morbidity rate of Delhi, and (iii) examine the seasonal variation of air quality. The air quality status was found to be varying from 'moderate' to 'unhealthy for sensitive group' category from the health impact point of view. Non-trauma mortality (r = 0.877, P < 0.01) as well as respiratory morbidity were found to be significantly correlated with AQI values. The present study increases public awareness of the health implications of air pollution and helps assess pollution trends in a more meaningful way.Keywords
Air Quality Index, Health Impacts, Mortality, Respiratory Morbidity.Full Text
- Assessment of Contamination of Soil and Groundwater Due to e-Waste Handling
Abstract Views :254 |
PDF Views:85
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110 025, IN
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110 025, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 01 (2018), Pagination: 166-173Abstract
This paper reveals the magnitude of heavy metal contamination of soil and groundwater in and around an unauthorized e-waste recycling site in Delhi. Though unsafe and unorganized and with the e-waste handling now legally banned in Delhi, the informal sector is still actively involved in dismantling, extracting and disposing of e-waste in certain places on a considerably large scale. The leachate produced by these recycling units contains a large amount of heavy metals which are likely to pollute the groundwater and soil adjoining the recycling sites. This study evaluates the e-waste contamination at such sites by monitoring the potential contaminants at a number of specific monitoring points in Krishna Vihar near Mandoli. The soil and underground water samples are tested for the presence of heavy metals around e-waste recycling and dumping sites using atomic absorption spectrometry. The standard values according to Central Ground Water Board are taken as reference values for water, and standards for agricultural soil in Britain as reference values for soil. The results show that the groundwater and soil in and around these sites have been contaminated by lead, copper, chromium and cadmium to a large extent.Keywords
Contamination, e-Waste, Groundwater, Heavy Metals, Soil.Full Text
References
- Kiddee, P., Naidu, R. and Wong, M. H., Electronic waste management approaches: an overview. Waste Manag., 2013, 33, 1237–1250.
- Gaidajis, G., Angelakoglou, K. and Aktsoglou, D., e-waste: environmental problems and current management. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. Rev., 2010, 3(1), 193–199.
- Ahmed, S. and Panwar, R. M., Hazardous constituents of e-waste and predictions for India. In Proceedings Institution of Civil Engineering Waste Resource Management, 2015, vol. 169, pp. 83–91.
- Joshi, R. and Ahmed, S., Status and challenges of municipal solid waste management in India: a review. Cogent Environ. Sci., 2016, 2, 113934.
- Chatterjee, S. and Kumar, K., Effective electronic waste management and recycling process involving formal and nonformal sectors. Int. J. Phys. Sci., 2009, 4, 893–905.
- Ahmed, S. and Panwar, R. M., Analysis of barriers of e-waste Management using ISM (interpretive structural modeling) methodology. In Innovative Trends in Applied Physics, Chemical, Mathematical Sciences and Emerging Energy Technology for Sustainable Development, 2014, pp 93–105.
- Wild, A., Soils and environment: an introduction. Cambridge Imoversotu Press, Cambridge, 1996, p. 290.
- Zhang, W.-H., Ying-Xin, W. and Simonnot, M. O., Soil contamination due to e-waste disposal and recycling activities: a review with special focus on China. Pedosphere, 2012, 22, 434–455.
- Ahmad, I., Hayat, S., Ahmad, A. and Samiullah, I., Effect of heavy metal on survival of certain groups of indigenous soil microbial population. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manag., 2005, 9, 115–121.
- Luo, C., Liu, C. and Wang, Y., Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables near an e-waste processing site, south China. J. Hazard. Mater., 2010, 186, 481–490.
- Golui, D., Datta, S. P., Rattan, R. K., Dwivedi, B. S. and Meena, M. C., Predicting bioavailability of metals from sludge-amended soils. Environ. Monit. Assess., 2014, 186, 8541–8553.
- Lokeshwari, H. and Chandrappa, G. T., Impact of heavy metal contamination of Bellandur Lake on soil and cultivated vegetation. Curr. Sci., 2006, 91, 622–627.
- Sahariah, B. et al., Solubility, hydrogeochemical impact and health assessment of toxic metals in municipal waste of two differently populated cities. J. Geochem. Exp., 2015, 157, 100–109.
- Sepulveda, A. et al., A review of the environmental fate and effects of hazardous substances released from electrical and electronic equipments during recycling: examples from China and India. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 2010, 30, 28–41.
- Zan, N. R., Datta, S. P., Rattan, R. K., Dwivedi, B. S. and Meena, M. C., Prediction of the solubility of zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium, and lead in metal-contaminated soils. Environ. Monit. Assess., 2013, 185, 10015–10025.
- Khan, S., Zahoor, U., Ihsanullah and Zubair, A., Levels of selected heavy metals in drinking water of Peshawar City. Int. J. Sci. Nat., 2011, 2, 648–652.
- Mohod, C. and Dhote, J., Review of heavy metals in drinking water and their effect on human health. Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2013, 2, 2992–2996.
- Meena, R., Datta, S. P., Golui, D., Dwivedi, B. S. and Meena, M., Long-term impact of sewage irrigation on soil properties and assessing risk in relation to transfer of metals to human food chain. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 2016, 23, 14269–14283.
- Caruso, B. et al., Metals fate and transport modelling in stream sand watersheds:state of the science and USEPA workshop review. Wiley Intersci., 2008; doi:10.1002/hyp.7114.
- Ahmed, S., Panwar, R. M. and Sharma, A., Forecasting e-waste amounts in India. Int. J. Eng. Res. Gen. Sci., 2014, 2, 324–340.
- Trehan, N. C., Environmental Aspects of Hazardous Wastes Disposal in India. Environmental Impact Assessment of Developing Countries, 1992, pp. 124–130.
- Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). MOEF Regulations 2015. J. Chem. Inf. Model., 2013, 53, 1689–1699.
- Gidarakos, E. et al., e-waste recycling environmental contamination: Mandoli, India. Proc. ICE – Waste Resour. Manag., 2012, 165, 45–52.
- MMA (Ministry of Minority Affairs), Baseline Survey of North-East District, NCT Delhi, 2008.
- Malik, R., Risk Assessment of e-waste burning in Delhi, India, EMPA, 2004.
- Kori, R., Guide Manual, Water and Waste Water Analysis, CPCB.
- Davies, B. and Ballinger, R., Heavy metals in soils in north Somerset, England, with special reference to contamination from base metal mining in the Mendips. Environ. Geochem. Health, 1990, 12, 291–300.
- Parth, V., Murthy, N. N. and Saxena, P. R., Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil around hazardous waste disposal sites in Hyderabad city (India): natural and anthropogenic implications. E3 J. Environ. Res. Manag., 2011, 2, 27–34.
- OECD, Technical Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of Specific Waste Streams used and Scrap Personal Computers, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2003, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 1–21.
- Shanker, A., Cervantes, C., Tavera, H. and Avudainayagamd, S., Chromium toxicity in plants. Environ. Int., 2005, 31, 739–753.
- Sharma, R., Agarwal, M. and Marshall, F., Heavy metal contamination in vegetables grown in wastewater irrigated areas of Varanasi, India. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2006, 77, 312–318.
- Mathews, G. PVC: Production Properties and Uses, Institute of Materials, 587, London, 1996.
- Edwards, A., The correlation coefficient. In Introduction to Linear Regression and Correlation, W. H. Free. Co, 1977, vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 33–34.
- Tessier, A., Campbell, P. and Bisson, M., Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 844–851.
- Tokalioglu, S. and Kartal, S., Determination of heavy metals and their speciation in lake sediments by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after a four-stage sequential extraction procedure. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000, 413, 33–40.
- Kersten, M. and Forstner, U., Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in anoxic estuarine and coastal sediments. Water Sci. Technol., 1986, 18, 121–130.
- Ure, A., Quevauviller, P., Muntau, H. and Griepink, B., Speciation of heavy metals in solids and sediments. An account of the improvement and harmonization of extraction techniques undertaken under the auspices of the BCR of the Commission of the European Communities. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 1993, 51, 135–151.
- Panda, D., Subramanian, V. and Panigrahu, R., Geochemical fractionation of heavy metals in Chilka Lake (east coast oflndia) – tropical coastal lagoon. Environ. Geol., 1995, 26, 199–210.
- Kersten, M. and Forstner, U., Speciation of trace elements in sediments. In Trace Element Speciation: Analitycal Methods and Problems (ed. Batley, G. E.), CRC Press, Boca-Raton, FL, 1991, pp. 245–317.
- Usero, J., Gamero, M., Morillo, J. and Gracia, I., Comparative study of three sequential extraction procedures for metals in marine sediments. Environ. Int., 1998, 24, 487–496.
- Shekhar, S., Purohit, R. and Kaushik, Y., Groundwater Management in NCT Delhi, 2012.
- Treatment of Wastewater Generated from Coke Oven by Adsorption on Steelmaking Slag and its Effect on Cementitious Properties
Abstract Views :234 |
PDF Views:89
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110 025, IN
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110 025, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 8 (2019), Pagination: 1346-1355Abstract
In this study, steelmaking slag is selected as an adsorption material to treat coke-oven wastewater. The study shows the use of solid waste to treat liquid waste of the same industry. The full effect of adsorption on steel slag with coke-oven wastewater has been analysed using SEM, XFR, XRD, FTIR and GC-MS. The adsorption pattern for steel slag at high temperatures, i.e. up to 1100°C was studied. It is observed that adsorption of pollutants does not favour higher temperature. Leaching studies showed increase in traces of heavy metals. However, only arsenic was found to be leaching beyond permissible limits. GC-MS studies showed no disorption of organic compounds from the treated slag. Compressive strength slightly weakened for the slag after adsorption, but lime saturation factor as well as soundness favoured the use of treated slag as an adsorbent. Overall analysis suggests that steel slag can be used for adsorption of coke-oven wastewater pollutant at lower temperatures. Thus steelmaking slag is found to be an efficient, readily available and economical adsorbent for removal of toxins from the coke-oven wastewater at lower temperatures.Keywords
Coke-Oven Wastewater, Compressive Strength, Leaching, Steelmaking Slag.Full Text
References
- Ghose, M., Complete physico-chemical treatment for coke plant effluents. Water Res., 2002, 36, 1127–1134; doi:10.1016/S00431354(01)00328-1.
- Biswas, J., Evaluation of various methods and efficiencies for treatment of effluent from iron and steel industry – a review. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Robot Res., 2013; http://www.ijmerr.com/uploadfile/2015/0409/20150409043210915.pdf (accessed on 29 August 2017).
- Papadimitriou, C. A., Samaras, P. and Sakellaropoulos, G. P., Comparative study of phenol and cyanide containing wastewater in CSTR and SBR activated sludge reactors. Bioresour. Technol., 2009, 100, 31–37; doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.004.
- Dong, Y. and Zhang, J., Testing the genotoxicity of coking wastewater using Vicia faba and Hordeum vulgare bioassays. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 2010, 73, 944–948; doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.12.026.
- Ahmed, S., Chandra, U. and Rathi, R., Waste water treatment technologies commonly practiced in major steel industries of India. In 16th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 2010.
- Vázquez, I., Rodríguez, J., Marañón, E., Castrillón, L. and Fernández, Y., Study of the aerobic biodegradation of coke wastewater in a two and three-step activated sludge process. J. Hazard. Mater., 2006, 137, 1681–1688; doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.007.
- Marañón, E., Vázquez, I., Rodríguez, J., Castrillón, L. and Fernández, Y., Coke wastewater treatment by a three-step activated sludge system. Water Air Soil Pollut., 2008, 192, 155– 164; doi:10.1007/s11270-008-9642-y.
- Zhao, W., Huang, X. and Lee, D., Enhanced treatment of coke plant wastewater using an anaerobic–anoxic–oxic membrane bioreactor system. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2009, 66, 279–286; doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2008.12.028.
- Marañón, E., Vázquez, I., Rodríguez, J., Castrillón, L., Fernández, Y. and López, H., Treatment of coke wastewater in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) at pilot plant scale. Bioresour. Technol., 2008, 99, 4192–4198; doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.081.
- Wang, W., Han, H., Yuan, M., Li, H., Fang, F. and Wang, K., Treatment of coal gasification wastewater by a two-continuous UASB system with step-feed for COD and phenols removal. Bioresour. Technol., 2011, 102, 5454–5460; doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.019.
- Chang, E.-E., Hsing, H.-J., Chiang, P.-C., Chen, M.-Y. and Shyng, J.-Y., The chemical and biological characteristics of coke-oven wastewater by ozonation. J. Hazard. Mater., 2008, 156, 560–567; doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.106.
- Li, X. L., Liu, X. and Cao, G. P., Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of adsorption of phosphate on steel-slag filter material. Appl. Mech. Mater., 2014, 507, 707–710; doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.507.707.
- Duan, J., Fang, H., Lin, J., Lin, J. and Huang, Z., Simultaneous removal of NH4 and PO43– at low concentrations from aqueous solution by modified converter slag. Water Environ. Res., 2013, 85, 530–538; doi:10.2175/106143013X13596524516860.
- Heksavalentnega, A. et al., Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from an aqueous solution of steel-making slag; http://mit.imt.si/Revija/izvodi/mit145/strkalj.pdf (accessed on 4 September 2017).
- Duan, J. and Su, B., Removal characteristics of Cd(II) from acidic aqueous solution by modified steel-making slag. Chem. Eng. J., 2014, 246, 160–167; doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.056.
- Lan, Y., Zhang, S., Wang, J. and Smith, R., Phosphorus removal using steel slag. Acta Metall. Sin. (Eng. Lett.), 2006, 19, 449–454; doi:10.1016/S1006-7191(06)62086-3.
- Sadhu, K., Mukherjee, A., Shukla, S. K., Adhikari, K. and Dutta, S., Adsorptive removal of phenol from coke-oven wastewater using Gondwana shale, India: experiment, modeling and optimization. Desalin. Water Treat., 2014, 52, 6492–6504; doi:10.1080/19443994.2013.815581.
- Gao, L., Li, S., Wang, Y. and Sun, H., Organic pollution removal from coke plant wastewater using coking coal. Water Sci. Technol., 2015, 72, 158; doi:10.2166/wst.2015.197.
- He Zhang, M., Lin Zhao, Q., Bai, X. and Ye, Z. F., Adsorption of organic pollutants from coking wastewater by activated coke. Colloids Surf. A Phys. Eng. Asp., 2010, 362, 140–146; doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.04.007.
- Dhoble, Y. N. and Ahmed, S., Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of thiocyanate by steel slag in an aqueous system. AET, 2017, 3; 193–203; doi:10.22104/ AET.2018.2670.1133.
- Dhoble, Y. N. and Ahmed, S., Removal of phenol, ammonia and thiocyanate either alone or in combination by the adsorption with steel slag. Int. J. Eng. Res. Dev., 2017, 13, 2278–67; http://www.ijerd.com/paper/vol13-issue12/Version-1/L131217786.pdf (accessed on 18 January 2018).
- Dhoble, Y. N. and Ahmed, S., Column studies for the simultaneous removal of phenol, ammonia and thiocyanate by the adsorption with steel slag. Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2018, 2321–9653; www.ijraset.com (accessed on 19 April 2018).
- Pal, P. and Kumar, R., Treatment of coke wastewater: a critical review for developing sustainable management strategies. Sep. Purif. Rev., 2014, 43, 89–123; doi:10.1080/15422119.2012.717161.
- Hooton, R., Shi, C. and Day, R., Selectivity of alkaline activators for the activation of slags. Cem. Concr. Aggr., 1996, 18, 8; doi:10.1520/CCA10306J.
- Baker, M. J., David, W., Blowes and Ptacek, C. J., Laboratory development of permeable reactive mixtures for the removal of phosphorus from onsite wastewater disposal systems. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1998, 32, 2308–2316; doi:10.1021/ES970934W.
- Liu, S.-Y., Gao, J., Qu, B. and Yang, Y., Adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions by steel slag – an industrial solidwaste. In The Third International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, China, 2009, pp. 1–4; doi:10.1109/ICBBE.2009.5162282.
- Feng, D., Van Deventer, J. S. J. and Aldrich, C., Removal of pollutants from acid mine wastewater using metallurgical byproduct slags. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2004, 40, 61–67; doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2004.01.003.
- Simmons, J. S. and Ziemkiewicz, P., An alternative alkaline addition for direct treatment of acid mine drainage, Mining and the environment, Sudbury, Canada, 2003.
- Singh, G. and Prasad, B., Removal of ammonia from coke-plant wastewater by using synthetic zeolite. Water Environ. Res., 1997, 69, 157–161; doi:10.2307/25044857.
- Lim, T.-T. and Chu, J., Assessment of the use of spent copper slag for land reclamation. Waste Manage. Res., 2006, 24, 67–73; doi:10.1177/0734242X06061769.
- Oh, C., Rhee, S., Oh, M. and Park, J., Removal characteristics of As(III) and As(V) from acidic aqueous solution by steel making slag. J. Hazard Mater., 2012, 213, 147–155; doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.074.
- Ziemkiewicz, P., Steel slag: application for AMD control. In Conference on Hazardous Waste Research, 1998, pp. 44–62.
- Navarro, C., Díaz, M. and Villa-García, M. A., Physico-chemical characterization of steel slag. Study of its behaviour under simulated environmental conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010, 44, 5383–5388; doi:10.1021/es100690b.
- Pueyo, N., Rodríguez-Chueca, J., Ovelleiro, J. L. and Ormad, M. P., Limitations of the removal of cyanide from coking wastewater by treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 2016, 227, 222; doi:10.1007/s11270-016-2915-y.
- Vicak, J., Tomkova, V., Ovcacikova, H., Ovcacik, F., Topinkova, M. and Matejka, V., Slag and Steel Production: Properties and Their Utilization, Metalurgija, Centar za informiranje željezare Sisak, vol. 52, 2013.
- Kourounis, S., Tsivilis, S., Tsakiridis, P. E. E., Papadimitriou, G. D. D. and Tsibouki, Z., Properties and hydration of blended cements with steelmaking slag. Cem. Concr. Res., 2007, 37, 815– 822; doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.03.008.
- Karthikeyan, G. and Ilango, S. S., Adsorption of Cr(VI) onto activated carbons prepared from indigenous materials. E-J. Chem., 2008, 5, 666–678; doi:10.1155/2008/109398.
- Beh, C. L., Chuah, T. G., Nourouzi, M. N. and Choong, T., Removal of heavy metals from steel making waste water by using electric arc furnace slag. E-J. Chem., 2012, 9, 2557–2564; doi:10.1155/2012/128275.
- Ullah, R. and Dutta, J., Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes with manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles. J. Hazard. Mater., 2008, 156, 194–200; doi:10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2007.12.033.
- Jung, E.-J., Kim, W., Sohn, I. and Min, D.-J., A study on the interfacial tension between solid iron and CaO–SiO2–MO system. J. Mater. Sci., 2010, 45, 2023–2029; doi:10.1007/s10853-0093946-1.
- Chand, S., Paul, B. and Kumar, M., A comparative study of physicochemical and mineralogical properties of LD slag from some selected steel plants in India. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2016, 9, 75–87; doi:10.3923/jest.2016.75.87.
- Gomes, J. F. P., Pinto, C. G. and Pinto, C. G., Leaching of heavy metals from steelmaking slags. Revista de Metallurgia, 2006, 42, 409–416; doi:10.3989/revmetalm.2006.v42.i6.39.
- Riley, A. L. and Mayes, W. M., Long-term evolution of highly alkaline steel slag drainage waters. Environ. Monit. Assess., 2015, 187, 463; doi:10.1007/s10661-015-4693-1.
- Tiwari, M. K., Bajpai, S., Dewangan, U. K. and Tamrakar, R. K., Suitability of leaching test methods for fly ash and slag: a review. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci., 2015, 8, 523–537; doi:10.1016/j.jrras.2015.06.003.
- Chaurand, P. et al., Environmental impacts of steel slag reused in road construction : a crystallographic and molecular (XANES) approach. J. Hazard. Mater., 2006, 139, 537–542; doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.060.
- De Windt, L., Chaurand, P. and Rose, J., Kinetics of steel slag leaching: batch tests and modeling. Waste Manag., 2011, 31, 225– 235; doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.05.018.
- Tossavainen, M., Engstrom, F., Yang, Q., Menad, N., Lidstrom, Larsson M. and Bjorkman, B., Characteristics of steel slag under different cooling conditions. Waste Manage., 2007, 27, 1335– 1344; doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2006.08.002.
- Fjällborg, B., Li, B., Nilsson, E. and Dave, G., Toxicity identification evaluation of five metals performed with two organisms (Daphnia magna and Lactuca sativa). Arch. Environ. Contam Toxicol., 2006, 50, 196–204; doi:10.1007/s00244-0057017-6.
- BIS, Indian Standard (Second Revision) IS 10500 (2012), Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi; 2012, pp. 1–16; http://cgwb.gov.in/Documents/WQ-standards.pdf
- Shi, C., Characteristics and cementitious properties of ladle slag fines from steel production. Cem. Concr. Res., 2002, 32, 459–462; doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00707-4.
- Fronek, B., Bosela, P. and Delatte, N., Steel slag aggregate used in portland cement concrete. Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board., 2012, 2267, 37–42; doi:10.3141/2267-04.
- Wang, Q., Yang, J. and Yan, P., Cementitious properties of superfine steel slag. Powder Technol., 2013, 245, 35–39; doi:10.1016/ j.powtec.2013.04.016.
- Kurdowski, W., Cement and Concrete Chemistry, Springer Science and Business, 2014, 9789400779, pp. 1–100.
- Evaluation of Air Quality Index for Air Quality Data Interpretation in Delhi, India
Abstract Views :223 |
PDF Views:81
Authors
Affiliations
1 Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi 110 025, IN
2 Department of Biostatistics, St. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru 560 034, IN
3 AL-FALAH University, Dhauj, Faridabad, Haryana 121 004, IN
1 Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi 110 025, IN
2 Department of Biostatistics, St. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru 560 034, IN
3 AL-FALAH University, Dhauj, Faridabad, Haryana 121 004, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 6 (2020), Pagination: 1019-1026Abstract
Metro cities across the world use air quality index (AQI) as a tool for local air quality management. The basic purpose of the AQI system is to interpret the air quality status based on potential human health impacts. In the air quality indexing system, ranges of air pollutant concentration are characterized into different categories of air quality on the basis of health implication criteria. Standardized public health advisories are used for different categories of air quality for general public awareness. AQI values at the regional level are normally reported in the media to enhance public access and awareness. In the present study, air quality of Delhi, India has been interpreted, and seasonal and spatial deviation of air quality mapped to enable health risk communication. We also highlight the linkage of air quality with daily nontrauma mortality rate. A significant correlation of air quality with daily non-trauma death rate was observed. The female population was found to be more vulnerable to poor air quality in comparison to the males. Among the different age groups, maximum vulnerability was observed for the population aged 65 years and above. Average air quality status of Delhi was observed at a level which can cause breathing uneasiness to those with respiratory comorbidities, as well as for children and aged people. Direct linkages of different air pollutants with associated health impact estimates have been worked out by several researchers in the past. The present study evaluates the effect estimates on daily non-trauma mortality values with AQI levels. The findings of this study are consistent with earlier reports and provide additional evidence for health impact linked to poor air quality.Keywords
Air Quality, Metro Cities, Public Awareness, Respiratory Health.Full Text
References
- World Health Organization, WHO air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide: global update 2005: summary of risk assessment. No. WHO/SDE/PHE/OEH/06.02, WHO, Geneva, 2006.
- Chen, R., Kan, H., Chen, B., Huang, W., Bai, Z., Song, G. and Pan, G., Association of particulate air pollution with daily mortality: The China air pollution and health effects study. Am. J. Epidemiol., 2012, 175(11), 1173–1181.
- Mostofsky, E. et al., Modeling the association between particle constituents of air pollution and health outcomes. Am. J. Epidemiol., 2012, 176(4), 317–326.
- Murray, C. J. and Lopez, A. D., Measuring the global burden of disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 2013, 369(5), 448–457.
- Smith, K. R. et al., Millions dead: how do we know and what does it mean? Methods used in the comparative risk assessment of household air pollution. Annu. Rev. Public Health, 2014, 35, 185–206.
- WHO, Burden of disease from ambient air pollution for 2012. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2014.
- Gurjar, B. R., Jain, A., Sharma, A., Agarwal, A., Gupta, P., Nagpure, A. S. and Lelieveld, J., Human health risks in megacities due to air pollution. Atmosp. Environ., 2010, 44(36), 4606–4613.
- Balakrishnan, K., Ganguli, B., Ghosh, S., Sankar, S., Thanasekaraan, V., Rayudu, V. N. and Caussy, H., Part 1. Short-term effects of air pollution on mortality: results from a time-series analysis in Chennai, India. Research report, Health Effects Institute, Boston, USA, 2011, 157, pp. 7–44.
- Rajarathnam, U., Sehgal, M., Nairy, S., Patnayak, R. C., Chhabra, S. K. and Ragavan, K. V., Part 2. Time-series study on air pollution and mortality in Delhi. Research report, Health Effects Institute, 2011, 157, pp. 47–74.
- Dholakia, H. H., Bhadra, D. and Garg, A., Short term association between ambient air pollution and mortality and modification by temperature in five Indian cities. Atmos. Environ., 2014, 99, 168– 174.
- Maji, S., Ahmed, S., Siddiqui, W. A. and Ghosh, S., Short term effects of criteria air pollutants on daily mortality in Delhi, India. Atmos. Environ., 2017, 150, 210–219.
- Maji, S., Ghosh, S. and Ahmed, S., Association of air quality with respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity rate in Delhi, India. Int. J. Environ. Health Res., 2018, 28(5), 471–490.
- Global Burden of Disease MAPs Working Group, Burden of disease attributable to major air pollution sources in India. Special report 21, 2018.
- Government of Delhi, Annual report on registration of births and deaths in Delhi, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, New Delhi, 2010 (various issues).
- Marlier, M. E., Jina, A. S., Kinney, P. L. and DeFries, R. S., Extreme air pollution in global megacities. Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 2016, 2(1), 15–27.
- Environmental Protection Agency, Technical assistance document for the reporting of daily air quality – air quality index (AQI). Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, North Carolina, USA, 2013.
- Central Pollution Control Board, National air quality index. Control of urban pollution series CUPS/82/2014-15, 2014; http://cpcb.nic.in/FINAL-REPORT_AQI.pdf.
- Gurjar, B. R., Ravindra, K. and Nagpure, A. S., Air pollution trends over Indian megacities and their local-to-global implications. Atmos. Environ., 2016, 142, 475–495.
- Central Pollution Control Board, National ambient air quality monitoring series NAAQMS/35/2011-2012; 2012; www.cpcb.nic.in 20. Maji, S., Ahmed, S. and Siddiqui, W. A., Air quality assessment and its relation to potential health impacts in Delhi, India. Curr. Sci., 2015, 109(5), 902–909.
- Government of Delhi, Delhi Statistical Handbook, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, New Delhi, 2001–2010.
- General, Registrar. (2011), Census Commissioner, India. Census of India, 2000.
- Cleveland, W. S. and Loader, C., Smoothing by local regression: principles and methods. In Statistical Theory and Computational Aspects of Smoothing, Physica-Verlag HD, New Jersey, UK, 1996, pp. 10–49.
- James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T. and Tibshirani, R., Linear model selection and regularization. In An Introduction to Statistical Learning, Springer, New York, USA, 2013, pp. 203–264.
- Liu, T. et al., Seasonal impact of regional outdoor biomass burning on air pollution in three Indian cities: Delhi, Bengaluru, and Pune. Atmos. Environ., 2018, 172, 83–92.