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Thakur, Sidharath Dev

Rational Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Production:A Prerequisite to Stem the Tide of Antimicrobial Resistance

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Authors

Sidharath Dev Thakur ¹, A. K. Panda ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Dr G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176 062, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 113, No 10 (2017), Pagination: 1846-1857

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide ‘One Health’ problem. The spread of AMR has limited the treatment options against infectious diseases. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials, is a major contributor for the development of AMR and its spread. In animal husbandry, antimicrobials are used for treating infectious diseases and in sub-therapeutic concentrations for growth promotion and disease prophylaxis. The use of antimicrobials in sub-therapeutic concentrations exerts selective pressure on bacteria and results in the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to one or more antimicrobials. The food animals raised on sub-optimal doses of antibiotics become reservoirs of resistant bacterial strains, transmitted subsequently to man and the environment. Various human, animal and environmental health agencies have decided to jointly address this problem. Establishment of integrated and harmonized AMR surveillance programmes, reduced use of antimicrobials in animal production, good governance of veterinary services, and development of new antimicrobials and their alternatives are some of the AMR management strategies in animals. Antibiotics are indispensable for human health; however, they should be totally banned in the food animals to preserve effectiveness of these drugs. In India, use of antimicrobials in food animals is limited for disease prophylaxis and growth promotion. However, absence of uniform regulations on the use of antimicrobials in animal production threatens the rationale use of these drugs in livestock.

Keywords

Antibiotics, Food Animals, Growth Promoters, Surveillance, Veterinary Governance.

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Scrub typhus: an underestimated endemic disease of Northwestern Himalayas, India

Abstract Views :178 | PDF Views:70

Authors

Sidharath Dev Thakur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK-Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur 176 062, India

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 7 (2021), Pagination: 899-905

Abstract

Scrub typhus is a vector-borne rickettsial zoonotic disease, endemic to South Eastern and Far Eastern Asian countries and northern Australia. It is an acute febrile illness, associated with rash and often an eschar, a black crust-like skin lesion. Orientia tsutsugamushi, etiological agent of scrub typhus infects the endothelial cells causing vasculitis, multiple organ dysfunction, life threatening complications and mortalities. Scrub typhus is endemic in Himalayan/sub-Himalayan regions. This review summarizes the status of scrub typhus in mountainous states of India, i.e. Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Jammu and Kashmir, located in Northwestern Himalayas. Scrub typhus is a major cause of acute febrile illness, fever of unknown origin and febrile jaundice in this region. Disease has been reported both as mono-infection and co-infections with dengue, leptospirosis, malaria and hepatitis from these states. Pediatric scrub typhus cases with neurological complications are common in this region. Agricultural or farming activities are the primary risk factors for the occurrence of scrub typhus in both rural and urban population. Early presentation of the cases and timely diagnosis and treatment of patients is crucial to prevent life threatening complications and deaths. Scrub typhus mimics epidemiology and clinical course of commonly reported infectious diseases and requires differential diagnosis. Therefore, it is imperative to make health workers aware about its manifestations for early diagnosis and treatment and accurate prevalence estimations.

Keywords

Acute febrile illness, fever of unknown origin, Himachal Pradesh, meningitis, scrub typhus, Uttarakhand

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Integrated Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance: Importance of Harmonization and Quality Assurance of Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

Abstract Views :47 | PDF Views:28

Authors

Sidharath Dev Thakur ¹, Kavita Rana ¹, Maansi Soodan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176 062, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 125, No 3 (2023), Pagination: 268-276

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is an underestimated emerging One Health problem. Surveillance systems are the core components of AR management programmes. Integrated harmonized surveillance programmes with active watchfulness on the use of antimicrobials and trends of resistance in bacteria of human, animal and environmental origin are required for exact estimation of the true burden of AR. Harmonized surveillance programmes follow uniformity in antibiotic susceptibility testing protocols, targeted bacterial species, tested antimicrobials, reporting clinical limits, susceptibility interpretation criteria and use of control strains. Harmonization of AR surveillance programmes is crucial for reliable data generation and comparison of AR data at regional, national and global levels. Data generated by such programmes can be used to formulate empirical treatment guidelines and policies for the effective management of AR. Standardization of antibiotic susceptibility testing by adopting quality assurance and quality control programmes is essential for generating valid and reliable data under AR surveillance programmes.

Keywords

Antibiotic Resistance, One Health, Quality Control, Surveillance Systems.

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