Current Science

Subhasish Das ¹, Sandip Mukherjee ², Rakesh Kundu ², Pradip Bhattacharyya ³, Buddhadeb Duary ⁴, Satya Sundar Bhattacharya ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028,, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan 731 235, IN
3 Indian Statistical Institute, North East Centre, Tezpur 784 028, IN
4 Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva Bharati, Sriniketan 731 236, IN
5 Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, IN

Abstract

Agro-climatic factors largely regulate expression of phenolic compounds in plants. Carlinoside, a flavone glycoside, is known to eliminate bilirubin accumulation in rat liver. We cultivated Cajanus cajan uniformly in two different soil types - alluvial (AL) and laterite (LA). The climatic attributes and soil physicochemical properties of the two localities were significantly different from each other. Carlinoside, phenol and flavonoid concentrations were higher in plants grown in AL than in LA soils. We recorded higher UGT1A1 expression in liver hepatoma cell line HepG2 and rats treated with plant extracts from AL compared to LA.

Keywords

Cajanus cajan, Carlinoside, Plant Phenollics, Soil and Climate.

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Samir Bhattacharya ¹, Sandip Mukherjee ¹

Affiliations
1 Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies in Zoology, School of Life Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731 235, IN

Abstract

Incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is dramatically increasing in the past few decades and presently affecting more than 350 million people all over the globe. Oversupply of lipid is one of the major forces behind T2D. Excess of lipid decreases insulin sensitivity or activity that causes insulin resistance, a stage which occupies the centre of pathogenesis in T2D. Lipid induces adipose tissue inflammation that accompanies certain critical defects in adipocytes, a major cell in abdominal adipose tissue. These include increased population of hypertrophied adipocytes, decline in adipokines secretion, attenuation of adipogenesis, and increased lipotoxicity effecting greater deposition of fat which interferes with glucose uptake by insulin target cells. Inflammation of adipose tissue is further intensified due to the infiltration of macrophages, a member of the innate immune system, and their transformation from anti-inflammatory M2 to proinflammatory M1 phenotype. Hence, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from both M1 macrophage and inflamed adipocytes is greatly elevated which adversely causes insulin resistance that leads to T2D. Association between lipid-induced inflammation and insulin resistance makes diabetes a critical disease.

Keywords

Adipose Tissue Inflammation, Fetuina, Insulin Resistance, Macrophage Infiltration, Type 2 Diabetes.

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