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Varghese, Saju

Andaman Accretionary Prism:A Probable Locale for Different Mineral Deposit Types

Abstract Views :246 | PDF Views:103

Authors

Saju Varghese ¹, A. C. Dinesh ¹, M. Karthikeyan ¹, G. Drishya ¹, N. M. Shareef ¹

Affiliations
1 OPEC-1, M&CSD, ER, Geological Survey of India, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 091, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 109, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 529-535

Abstract

Crustal growth and stabilization in the Andaman accretionary prism (AAP) occur via accretion of allochthonous crust, fragments of oceanic plateaus, and dismembered juvenile arc and ophiolite sequences. Multiple sutures developed in the AAP, as evidenced from multibeam, magnetic and seismic studies, are envisaged as the first-order structures that determine its distinct metallogenic signature. Furthermore, development of Andaman Back Arc Spreading Centre (ABSC) is attributed to a change from compression to more transgression stress regime as the AAP evolves. This stress regime change generates the first-order conduits for episodes of extensive metalliferous fluid flow via the pathways created by significant lateral displacements along the terrane-bounding multiple sutures. Hence, like many other accretionary orogens, complex association between subduction of the Indian plate and associated accretion, deformation, crustal thickening and melting, metamorphism, burial and exhumation may result in a wide variety of magma types, metal source regions and hydrothermal conduits. In conclusion, the expected deposit types in the AAP are volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits, seafloor massive sulphide deposits, rare earth elements and yittrium deposits and podiform chormite deposits.

Keywords

Accretionary Prism, Fluid Migration, Hydrothermal Conduits, Mineral Deposits.

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Morphometric Analysis of Barren Volcanic Base and Associated Tectonic Elements in the Andaman Fore-Arc Sub-Basin

Abstract Views :205 | PDF Views:85

Authors

Saju Varghese ¹, G. Nagendran ¹

Affiliations
1 Marine and Coastal Survey Division, Geological Survey of India, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 091, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 108, No 4 (2015), Pagination: 694-699

Abstract

Although many studies have been undertaken on the Barren Island, the undersea configuration of the Barren Island Volcano (BIV) and associated morphotectonic elements, the modification imparted on them by the recent flows and the morphology of these flows are still poorly known. The present study identified thick lava flows along the western and southwestern slopes of Barren Island, extending up to the base of the Invisible Bank. The feeding locales for these thick flows are numerous parasitic cones picked up in the 3D grid model generated by the multibeam echo sounder. Morphology of the Barren volcanic base is largely modified by recent eruptions as they not only reduced the steepness of the Barren Volcano along the western slope, but also extended the base of the Barren Volcano to the base of the Invisible Bank. Furthermore, the present study also brought out other morphotectonic elements surrounding the BIV, viz. Alcock seamount towards the southeast, Invisible Bank flanked by west Andaman Fault in the west and a newly identified submarine volcanic mount as part of the Andaman Volcanic Arc towards the south.

Keywords

Alcock Seamount, Barren Volcano, Geomorphology, West Andaman Fault.

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Delineation of Buried Channels of Bharathappuzha by Single-Channel Shallow Seismic Survey

Geochemical Tracers of Buried Estuary of Rushikulya River from Odisha, East Coast of India

Abstract Views :249 | PDF Views:76

Authors

Saju Varghese ¹, Subhasis Roychaudhuri ¹, P. A. Mohammed Mashood ¹, Sachin Tripathi ¹

Affiliations
1 Marine and Coastal Survey Division, Geological Survey of India, Kolkata 700 091, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 112, No 12 (2017), Pagination: 2424-2433

Abstract

The sediments of the inner to middle shelf region of the central part of the east coast of India immediately near the growing spit of the Rushikulya River mouth, are characterized by very hard, compact, dark gray clayey silt and clay with medium to coarse sand and wood piece layers at different levels. Maximum output of the Rushikulya River during monsoon season is marked by thin layers of coarse to medium sand at different subsurface levels below the sea floor within the inner to middle shelf areas. Geochemical analysis (major and trace elements) of seabed sediments shows significant correlation with aluminium. Variation in other elements, except calcium and barium confirm their association with aluminosilicate minerals. The higher concentration of Ti-rich heavy minerals near the coast in front of the Rushikulya River is inferred due to terrigenous supply by the river. The REE analysed in the carbonaceous clays indicates enrichment of REE in the sediments, which is interpreted as due to the absorption of REE into the lattices of clay from sea water. Intermittent layers of carbonaceous clay with abundant wood pieces along with the presence of H2S and the enrichment of REE in the clay provide indirect evidences for the presence of a buried estuary in front of the Rushikulya River at different subsurface levels. The growing spit towards the northeast direction at the river mouth further acts as a favourable geomorphologic feature for the formation of an estuary in the study area. Presence of a reworked palaeosand ridge located between 54 and 57 m water depth is characterized by selective elimination of elements from the sediments. Furthermore, this sand ridge acts as the boundary for the buried estuary identified in the study area.

Keywords

Estuary, Geochemical Analysis, Sand Ridge, Sedimentological Studies.

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Synthetic Aperture Sonar Image of Seafloor

Abstract Views :251 | PDF Views:83

Authors

Saju Varghese ¹, A. Anil Kumar ¹, G. Nagendran ¹, V. Balachandrudu ¹, Nilofer Sheikh ¹, K. G. Mohan ¹, Kailash Singh ¹, B. Gopakumar ¹, Rajesh Joshi ¹, R. Rajasekhar ¹

Affiliations
1 Marine & Coastal Survey Division, Geological Survey of India, Kolkata, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 113, No 03 (2017), Pagination: 385-385

Abstract

Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS), modern technology for very high resolution seafloor mapping, when towed at 70-120 m above the seafloor generates high-quality backscatter image of the same with constant resolution of 40 cm x 40 cm. Research Vessel (RV) Samudra Ratnakar of the Geological Survey of India is equipped with Synthetic Aperture Mapping Sonar, SAMS DT-6000 (make: IXblue, France), the only one of its kind equipment in the world for civilian research purpose.

Full Text

Extensive Occurrence of Fe–Mn Crusts and Nodules on Seamounts in the Southern Andaman Sea, India

Abstract Views :200 | PDF Views:69

Authors

A. C. Dinesh ¹, N. V. Nisha ¹, Saju Varghese ¹, Rachna Pillai ¹, Durga Prasad ², Satyendra Baraik ³, Rajani P. Ramesh ¹, Rajesh Kumar Joshi ⁴, Soibam I. Meitei ⁴, B. K. Jishnu ¹, R. V. Manoj ⁴, M. Nagasundaram ⁴

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Op: WC-I, Southern Region, Mangalore 575 001, IN
2 Geological Survey of India, Eastern Region, Kolkata 700 091, IN
3 Geological Survey of India, Southern Region, Op: EC-II, Vishakhapatnam 530 018, IN
4 Geological Survey of India, Eastern Region, Op: EC-I, Kolkata 700 091, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 119, No 4 (2020), Pagination: 704-708

Abstract

A reconnaissance survey for Fe–Mn crusts and nodules from West Sewell Ridge (WSR) and Sewell Rise (SR) in the Andaman Sea revealed their widespread occurrence along the summit of the ridge and on the slopes. Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dive observations illustrate that the crusts are more concentrated on massive exposures at water depth of 800– 900 m and nodules swamped in foraminiferal ooze at water depth from 600 to 1100 m. During the ROV dives, massive, smooth, macro-botryoidal, flat, granular, gritty, coarse and knobby nature of Fe–Mn crusts and nodules have been observed. Nodules and crusts collected onboard were mostly black, brownish-black and pitch black in colour. Nodules show rough, botryoidal and granular/sacchoroidal texture. The diameter of the nodules increased up to 13 cm. They showed distinctly arranged concentric layers. The recovered crusts were mostly detached pieces without substrate.

Keywords

Fe–Mn Crusts and Nodules, Reconnaissance Survey, Rare Earth Elements, Remotely Operated Vehicle, Seamounts.

Full Text

Accumulation and Enrichment of Platinum Group Elements in Hydrogenous Fe–Mn Crust and Nodules from The Andaman Sea, India

Abstract Views :185 | PDF Views:84

Authors

Saju Varghese ¹, Rajani P. Ramesh ¹, Rachna Pillai ¹, Sethu Rose Joseph ², B. Gopakumar ¹, Resmi Sathikumar ³, Rajesh Kumar Joshi ⁴, Priyanka Dey Guha ⁴, R. V. Manoj ¹, M. Nagasundaram ⁴

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Op: WC-I, Southern Region, Mangalore 575 001, IN
2 Geological Survey of India, Op: WC-II, Southern Region, Cochin 682 037, IN
3 Geological Survey of India, Eastern Region, Kolkata 700 091, India, IN
4 Geological Survey of India, Eastern Region, Kolkata 700 091, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 11 (2021), Pagination: 1740-1748

Abstract

Present study explores the processes influencing the concentration, mechanism of incorporation and sources of Platinum Group of Elements (PGE) in hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts and nodules (hereafter crusts and nodules) from the West Sewell Ridge and Sewell Rise in the Andaman Sea. ΣPGE content is lower in nodules (633 ppb) as compared to crusts (average = 1284 ppb) due to the diagenetic influence. The chondrite-normalized PGE patterns of crusts and nodules demonstrate consistent Platinum (Pt) enrichment and Palladium (Pd) depletion. We suggest that Pt, Iridium (Ir), and Ruthenium (Ru) are scavenged from seawater by sorption and oxidation on δ-MnO₂ surfaces of suspended ferromanganese oxyhydroxides. However, non-correlation of Pd with other trace elements revealed its nonaccumulation in crusts and nodules. Different PGE ratios reveled that Ir and Pd originated largely from a cosmogenic source and Ru, Rh, and Pt were probably sourced from ophiolites in the Andaman Accretionary Prism.

Keywords

Accumulation and Enrichment, Crusts, Hydrogenous Ferromanganese Deposits, Nodules, Platinum Group Elements.

Full Text

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