Refine your search
Collections
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Raghukanth, S. T. G.
- Estimation of Strong Ground Motion in Southern Peninsular India by Empirical Green's Function Method
Abstract Views :252 |
PDF Views:91
Authors
Affiliations
1 CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, IN
2 School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi, Kamand 175 005, IN
3 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
1 CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, IN
2 School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi, Kamand 175 005, IN
3 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 112, No 11 (2017), Pagination: 2273-2283Abstract
In the present study, strong motions are estimated at 17 stations in Southern Peninsular India (SPI) for the 7 February 1900 Coimbatore earthquake (Mw 6) using the empirical Green's function (EGF) method. The broadband recordings of three small earthquakes of ML 3.5, 2.9 and 3.0 respectively, are taken as EGFs to simulate ground motion. The slip distribution of the main event is considered as a von Karman random field. The stress drops of the three small events estimated from finite fault stochastic seismological model lie between 130 and 140 bars. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) values, an ensemble of acceleration time histories and response spectra, are estimated at all the 17 stations using corresponding EGFs, and the mean response spectra are reported. Another estimate of PGA is also obtained using the stochastic seismological model. The estimated PGA values from the two methods are compared to check the consistency of the results. It is observed that the mean PGA values are within the bounds of the maximum and minimum PGA values obtained from the EGF method, while the differences at some stations can be attributed to the local site conditions.
The ground motions simulated in the present study can be used to perform nonlinear dynamic analysis for future and existing structures in the SPI region for any event of magnitude Mw 6.
Keywords
Empirical Green’s Function, Ground Motion, Peak Ground Acceleration, Response Spectra, Stochastic Finite Fault Model.Full Text
References
- Rajendran, C. P., John, B., SreeKumari, K and Rajendran, K., Reassessing the earthquake hazard in Kerala based on the historical and current seismicity. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2009, 73, 785–802.
- Iyengar, R. N. and Raghukanth, S. T. G., Attenuation of strong ground motion in Peninsular India. Seismol. Res. Lett., 2004, 75(4), 530–540.
- Raghukanth, S. T. G. and Iyengar, R. N., Estimation of seismic spectral acceleration in Peninsular India. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2007, 116(3), 199–214.
- IS 1893, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures. Bureau of Indian Standards, Part 1, General Provisions and Buildings, 2002.
- Hartzell, S. H., Earthquake aftershocks as Green’s functions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1978, 5, 1–4.
- Frankel, A., Simulating strong motion of large earthquakes using recordings of small earthquakes: the Loma Prieta mainshock as test case. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1995, 85, 1144–1160.
- Raghukanth, S. T. G. and Kavitha, B., Stochastic finite fault modeling of subduction zone earthquakes in northeastern India. Pure Appl. Geophys., 2013, 170, 1705–1727.
- NDMA Report, Development of probabilistic seismic hazard map of India. Final Technical Report of the Working Committee of Experts, constituted by the National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India, 2010.
- Rai, S. S. et al., The South India Precambrian crust and shallow lithospheric mantle: Initial results from the India Deep Earth Imaging Experiment (INDEX). J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2013, 122(6), 1435–1453.
- Rajendran, K. P., Talwani, P. and Gupta, H. K., State of stress in the Indian subcontinent: a review. Curr. Sci., 1992, 62, 86–93.
- Saikia, U., Rai, S. S., Subrahmanyam, M., Dutta, S., Bose, S., Borah, K. and Meena, R., Accurate location and focal mechanism of small earthquakes near Idukki Reservoir, Kerala: implication for earthquake genesis. Curr. Sci., 2014, 107, 1884–1891.
- Bhattacharya, S. N. and Dattatrayam, R. S., Earthquake sequence in Kerala during December 2000 and January 2001. Curr. Sci., 2002, 82, 1275–1278.
- Pitarka, A., Somerville, P., Fukushima, Y., Uetake, T. and Irikura, K., Simulation of near-fault strong-ground motion using hybrid Green’s functions. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2000, 90, 566–586.
- Hanks, T. C. and Kanamori, H., A moment magnitude scale. J. Geo-Phys. Res., 1979, 84, 2348–2350.
- Mai, P. M. and Beroza, G. C., A spatial random field model to characterize complexity in earthquake slip. J. Geophys. Res., 2002; doi:10.1029/2001JB000588.
- Shinozuka, M. and Deodatis, G., Simulation of multi-dimensional Gaussian stochastic fields by spectral representation. Appl. Mech. Rev., 1996, 49(1), 29–53.
- Boore, D. M., Comparing stochastic point-source and finite-source ground-motion simulations: SMSIM and EXSIM. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2009, 99, 3202–3216.
- Boore, Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method. Pure Appl. Geophys., 2003, 160, 635–676.
- Aki, K., Scaling law of seismic spectrum. J. Geophys. Res., 1967, 72, 1217–1231.
- Brune, J. N., Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res., 1970, 75, 4997–5009.
- Motazedian, D. and Atkinson, G. M., Stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2005, 95, 995–1010.
- Atkinson, G. M. and Boore, D. M., Earthquake ground-motion prediction equations for eastern North America. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2006, 96, 2181–2205.
- Singh, S. K., Garcia, D., Pacheco, J. F., Valenzuela, R., Bansal, B. K. and Dattatrayam, R. S., Q of the Indian Shield. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2004, 94, 1564–1570.
- Boore, D. M. and Boatwright, J., Average body-wave radiation coefficients. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1984, 74, 1615–1621.
- Chandler, A. M., Lam, N. T. K. and Tsang, H. H., Near-surface attenuation modelling based on rock shear-wave velocity profile. Soil Dyn. Earth Eng., 2006, 26, 1004–1014.
- Iman, R. C. and Conover, W. J., Small sample sensitivity analysis techniques for computer models with an application to risk assessment. Commun. Stat. Theory Methods, 1980, A9(17), 1749–1842.
- Saragoni, G. R. and Hart, G. C., Simulation of artificial earthquakes. Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. J., 1974, 2, 249–268.
- IBC, International Building Code, International Code Council (ICC), 2009.
- Hough, S. E. and Bilham, R., Site response of the Ganges Basin inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from the 1897 Shillong 1905 Kangra and 1934 Nepal earthquakes. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2008, 117, 773–782.
- Ground Motion Simulation for Earthquakes in Sumatran Region
Abstract Views :203 |
PDF Views:89
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 08 (2018), Pagination: 1709-1720Abstract
The present study aims at developing a model for simulating ground motion for earthquakes in the Sumatran region where one of the most devastating earthquakes took place in 2004 with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 9.1. With advancements in instrumentation, the three-dimensional material properties, topography and bathymetry of the region are available in the global database. These parameters are used as inputs in Spectral Finite Element Method to simulate ground motions. The model is first validated with the IGCAR broadband velocity data for 2012 Mw 8.6 Sumatra Earthquake. Due to favourable comparison, our model is also used to generate ground displacement characteristics of Mw 9.1 event. The source uncertainties are accounted by using three finite fault slip models available in the global database. The simulated time histories showed that the ground motion is sensitive to input slip models. The peak ground displacement (PGD) and ground residual displacement (GRD) in both horizontal and vertical directions are presented as contour plots. PGD obtained from various slip models in the epicentral region is of the order of 14–22 m in horizontal direction and 7–16 m in vertical direction. GRD in the epicentral region is of the order of 6–17 m in East–West (E–W) 4–17 m in the North–South (N–S) directions. The vertical uplift obtained from various slip models is around 2–8 m. The developed model can be used to simulate ground motion time histories, which can be further used in hazard analysis, tsunami simulations, etc.Keywords
Ground Motion Time History, Ground Residual Displacement, Peak Ground Displacement, Sunda Arc.Full Text
References
- Pailoplee, S. and Choowong, M., Earthquake frequency-magnitude distribution and fractal dimension in mainland Southeast Asia. Earth, Planets Space, 2014, 66(1), 1–10.
- Ortiz, M. and Bilham, R., Source area and rupture parameters of the 31 December 1881 Mw = 7.9 Car Nicobar earthquake estimated from tsunamis recorded in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 2003, 108(B4), 2215; doi:10.1029/2002JB001941
- Ammon, C. J. et al., Rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake. Science, 2005, 308(5725), 1133–1139.
- Ji, C., Preliminary rupture model for the December 26, 2004 earthquake, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, magnitude 9.1, 2005; http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2004/eq_041226/neic_slav_ff.html
- Rhie, J., Dreger, D., Bürgmann, R. and Romanowicz, B., Slip of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake from joint inversion of long-period global seismic waveforms and GPS static offsets. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2007, 97(1A), S115–S127.
- Titov, V., Rabinovich, A. B., Mofjeld, H. O., Thomson, R. E. and Gonzalez, F. I., The global reach of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra tsunami. Science, 2005, 309(5743), 2045–2048.
- Murty, T. S., Nirupama, N., Nistor, I. and Hamdi, S., Far field characteristics of the tsunami of 26 December 2004. ISETJ Earthq. Technol., 2005, 42(4), 213–217.
- George, D. L. and Randall, J. LeVeque, Finite volume methods and adaptive refinement for global tsunami propagation and local inundation. Sci. Tsunami. Haz., 2006, 24(5), 319–328.
- Singh, A. P., Murty, T. S., Rastogi, B. K. and Yadav, R. B. S., Earthquake generated tsunami in the Indian Ocean and probable vulnerability assessment for the east coast of India. Mar. Geodesy, 2012, 35(1), 49–65.
- Roshan, A. D., Basu, P. C. and Jangid, R. S., Tsunami hazard assessment of Indian coast. Nat. Hazards, 2016, 82(2), 733–762.
- Sorensen, M. B., Atakan, K. and Pulido N., Simulated strong ground motions for the great M 9.3 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2007, 97(1A), S139–S151.
- LeVeque, R. J., George, D. L. and Berger, M. J., Tsunami modelling with adaptively refined finite volume methods. Acta Numerica, 2011, 20, 211–289.
- Okada, Y., Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1985, 75(4), 1135–1154.
- Ramadan, K. T., Hassan, H. S. and Hanna, S. N., Modeling of tsunami generation and propagation by a spreading curvilinear seismic faulting in linearized shallow-water wave theory. Appl. Math. Model., 2011, 35(1), 61–79.
- Raghukanth, S. T. G. and Bhanu Teja, B., Ground motion simulation for 26 January 2001 Gujarat earthquake by spectral finite element method. J. Earthq. Eng., 2012, 16(2), 252–273.
- Jayalakshmi, S. and Raghukanth, S. T. G., Regional ground motion simulation around Delhi due to future large earthquake. Nat. Hazards, 2016, 82(3), 1479–1513.
- Dhanya, J., Gade, M. and Raghuanth, S. T. G., Ground motion estimation during 25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake. Acta Geod. Geophys., 2016; doi:10.1007/s40328-016-0170-8
- Kayal, J. R., Microearthquake Seismology and Seismotectonics of South Asia, Capital Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2008.
- IS: 1893, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures: Part 1 – General provisions and buildings, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi, 2002.
- Genrich, J. F., Bock, Y., McCaffrey, R., Prawirodirdjo, L., Stevens, C. W., Puntodewo, S. S. O., Subarya, C. and Wdowinski, S., Distribution of slip at the northern Sumatran fault system. J. Geo-phys. Res., 2000, 105(B12), 28–327.
- Bock, Y. E. H. U. D. A., Prawirodirdjo, L., Genrich, J. F., Stevens, C. W., McCaffrey, R., Subarya, C., Puntodewo, S. S. O. and Calais, E., Crust al motion in Indonesia from global positioning system measurements. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 2003, 108(B8).
- Rajendran, C. P., Earnest, A., Rajendran, K., Das, R. D. and Kesavan, S., The 13 September 2002 North Andaman (Diglipur) earthquake: an analysis in the context of regional seismicity. Curr. Sci., 2003, 84(7), 919–924.
- Bilham, R., Engdahl, R., Feldl, N. and Satyabala, S. P., Partial and complete rupture of the Indo-Andaman plate boundary 1847–2004. Seismol. Res. Lett., 2005, 76(3), 299–311.
- Kavitha, B. and Raghukanth, S. T. G., Stochastic earthquake ground motion model for east coast region of India. Life Cycle Reliability Safety Eng., 2013, 2(3), 41–56.
- Patera, A. T., A spectral element method for fluid dynamics: lamina r flow in a channel expansion, J. Comput. Phys., 1984, 54(3), 468–488.
- Komatitsch, D. and Tromp, J., Introduction to the spectral element method for 3-D seismic wave propagation. Geophys. J. Int., 1999, 139(3), 806–822.
- Komatitsch, D. and Tromp, J., Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation–I. validation. Geophys. J. Int., 2002, 149, 390–412.
- Komatitsch, D. and Tromp, J., Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation–II. 3-D models, oceans, rotation, and self-gravitation. Geophys. J. Int., 2002, 150, 303–318.
- Kustowski, B., Ekstrom, G. and Dziewoski, A. M., Anisotropinc-shear-wave velocity structure of the Earth’s mantle: a global model. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 2008, 113(B6).
- Wei, S., April/11/2012 (Mw 8.6), Sumatra. Source Models of Large Earthquakes, Caltech, 2012; http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/slip_history/2012_Sumatra/index.html (last accessed on 1 July 2013).
- GSI, Seismotectonic Atlas of India and its Environs, Geological Survey of India, 2000.
- Deterministic Tsunami Hazard Map for India
Abstract Views :224 |
PDF Views:101
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 10 (2020), Pagination: 1641-1651Abstract
The present work aims to ascertain the deterministic tsunami hazard map for maximum wave height along the Indian coastline due to subduction events in the Sumatra region. The region between 15°S–30°N lat. and 50°E–115°N long. was modelled in using Geoclaw, which discretizes and solves the shallow-water wave equation using adaptive finite volume algorithm. The developed model was suitably validated for the available tidal gauge and altimeter data for the 2004 Mw 9.12 Sumatra earthquake with input source characteristics from the SRCMOD data. Further, a sensitivity study based on slip variability and location was conducted which revealed that near-field stations were highly sensitive at all locations while far-field stations were more sensitive towards source locations. Furthermore, 25 non-Gaussian slip fields were generated for the maximum possible event (Mw 9.12) for the region and placed suitably along the active Sumatra subduction region. Then the wave heights from all the simulations were assembled to determine the deterministic tsunami hazard values with respect to maximum wave heights for the coastal regions of India and adjoining regions. The results will find application in the design of structures along the coastline of the study region.Keywords
Tsunami, Sumatra Region, India, Hazard, Design of Coastal Structures.Full Text