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Singh, S. P.

Combined Effect of Hydroethanolic Extracts of Murraya koenigii and Phyllanthus niruri Leaves on Paracetamol and Ethanol-Induced Toxicity in HepG2 Cell Line

Abstract Views :358 | PDF Views:179

Authors

Pallavi Shah ¹, S. P. Singh ², Anil Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar 263 145, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, G.b. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar 263 145,, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 109, No 7 (2015), Pagination: 1320-1326

Abstract

The present study is an attempt to determine the combined hepatoprotective potential of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of Murraya koenigii and Phyllanthus niruri against paracetamol (PCM) and ethanolinduced toxicity in human hepatoma HepG2 cell line. Toxicity in cells was induced by treatment with 15 mM PCM and 50 mM ethanol for 24 h as manifested by a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in cell viability, increase in the leakage of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate in culture medium, increase in lipid peroxidation and reduction in reduced glutathione in cell lysate. These alterations were significantly ameliorated when cells were treated with a combination of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of M. koenigii and P. niruri, and silymarin during both prophylactic and curative studies. Both post-treatment (curative) and pre-treatment (prophylactic) with the combination of plant extracts were able show effective hepatoprotection. This was also evident during morphological studies. The combination of plant extracts thus holds immense potential for future use as a hepatoprotectant.

Keywords

Ethanol, Hepatoprotection, HepG2 Cell Line, Murraya Koenigii, Paracetamol, Phyllanthus Niruri.

Full Text

Nature of Forest Fires in Uttarakhand:Frequency, Size and Seasonal Patterns in Relation to Pre-Monsoonal Environment

The Climate Change Programme of the Department of Science and Technology

Indian Himalayan Timberline Ecotone in Response to Climate Change – Initial Findings

Abstract Views :340 | PDF Views:139

Authors

S. P. Singh ¹, A. Bhattacharyya ², Amit Mittal ³, Aseesh Pandey ⁴, Ashish Tewari ³, Avantika Latwal ⁵, Bency David ², Bhupendra S. Adhikari ⁶, Devendra Kumar ⁴, G. C. S. Negi ¹, Ishfaq Ahmad Mir ⁷, Krishna Kumar Tamta ³, Kumar Sambhav ⁵, Mayank Shekhar ², Mohit Phulara ⁵, Munisa Manzoor ⁷, Nandan Singh ³, Pankaj Tewari ¹, Parminder S. Ranhotra ², Pradeep Singh ⁵, Pratap Dhaila ¹, Priyanka Sah ⁵, Rahul Kumar ⁶, Rajesh Joshi ⁵, Ranbeer S. Rawal ⁵, Renu Rawal ⁵, Ripu Daman Singh ¹, Shruti Shah ³, Subrat Sharma ⁵, Subzar Ahmad Nanda ⁷, Surabhi Gumber ¹, Utsa Singh ¹, Zafar Reshi ⁷

Affiliations
1 Central Himalayan Environment Association, 6 Waldorf Compound, Mallital, Nainital 263 001, IN
2 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226 007, IN
3 Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 001, IN
4 G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok 737 101, IN
5 G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development (GBPNIHESD), Kosi-Katramal, Almora 263 643, IN
6 Department of Habitat Ecology, Wildlife Institute of India, P.O. Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248 001, IN
7 Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190 006, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 5 (2021), Pagination: 859-871

Abstract

This article enumerates the findings of a team research on the Indian Himalayan timberline ecotone, with focus on three sites (located in Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Sikkim). Timberline elevation increased from west to east, was higher in the warmer south aspect than the cooler north aspect, and was generally depressed. Betula, Abies, Rhododendron and Juniperus were important treeline genera. The Himalaya has not only the highest treelines (Juniperus tibetica, at 4900 m), but also the widest elevational range (>1700 m). Remotely sensed data revealed that the timberline is a long, twisting and turning ecotone, traversing a length of 8–10 km per km horizontal distance. Surface temperature lapse rate in the monsoonal regions was lower (–0.53°C/100 m elevation) than generally perceived and varied considerably with season, being the lowest in December. The Himalayan treeline species are not water-stressed at least in monsoonal regions, predawn tree water potential seldom getting below –1 MPa. The upward advance of Rhododendron campanulatum (a krummholz species) may deplete alpine meadows with climatic warming. Tree-ring chronology indicated that winter warming may be favouring Abies spectabilis. Early snowmelt increased growth period and species richness. Treelines generally are stable in spite of decades of warming. Dependence of people on timberline was still high; so economic interventions are required to reduce the same.

Keywords

Climate Change, Temperature Lapse Rate, Timberline Ecotone And Elevation, Tree Water Relation, Treeline Genera.

Full Text

Machine Learning Algorithms for Categorization Of Agricultural Dust Emissions Using Image Processing of Wheat Combine Harvester

Abstract Views :203 | PDF Views:110

Authors

Utpal Ekka ¹, Himadri Shekhar Roy ², Adarsh Kumar ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, Apratim Kumar Pandey ¹, Kamalika Nath ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India., IN
2 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India., IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 9 (2023), Pagination: 1074-1081

Abstract

India is the second largest wheat producer in the world after Russia. Wheat harvesting in the country was traditionally done using a sickle, a hand tool. However, in the last two decades, combined harvesters have been extensively used. The rapid development of mechanization has resulted in the production of dust and straw particles during the harvesting operation of wheat. These particles have severe health hazards for the machine operator. Exposure to various types of particulate matter has a variety of effects on human health. Such an effect can be minimized if the concentration of the generated particle is maintained within a permissible limit. Hence, the present study has been conducted to evaluate and categorize dust and straw particles in the workspace of a combine harvester operator during wheat harvesting. An image-processing technique was used to study a field data sample collected on sticky paper. It describes a novel method of collecting dust and straw particles while harvesting wheat. Few studies have been conducted in developing countries to analyse the characteristics of dust and wheat straw exposure of combined harvester operators. The number of dust and straw particles deposited per square millimetre was 9–12, with sizes ranging from 10 to 1400 mm. The extracted data were divided into three groups, viz. thoracic, inhalable and straw and modelled using machine learning algorithms, including support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor. With an accuracy of 96%, SVM outperformed the other methods for categorising dust and straw particles, whereas linear discriminant analysis performed poorly with an accuracy of 88%.

Keywords

Agriculture, Combine Harvester, Dust and Straw Particles, Image Processing, Machine Learning.

Full Text

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