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Raman, Ramya
- The Arsenic and Mercury-Containing Tanjore Pills Used in Treating Snake Bites in the 18th Century Madras Presidency
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Authors
Affiliations
1 with the Fremantle Hospital (WA–Government Health Service), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 with Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
3 with the AVP Research Foundation, 136–137 Tiruchirapalli Road, Coimbatore 641 045, IN
1 with the Fremantle Hospital (WA–Government Health Service), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 with Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
3 with the AVP Research Foundation, 136–137 Tiruchirapalli Road, Coimbatore 641 045, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 106, No 12 (2014), Pagination: 1759-1763Abstract
No Abstract.- A Western Science-Based Materia medica by Whitelaw Ainslie of the Madras-medical Establishment Published in 1810
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Fremantle Hospital (Western Australia Public Health), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Fremantle Hospital (Western Australia Public Health), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 5 (2014), Pagination: 909-913Abstract
No Abstract.- Public-Health Management in the Madras Presidency in Early 20th Century:The King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Madras and its Pioneering Surgeons
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PDF Views:76
Authors
Affiliations
1 Fremantle Hospital (WA Government Public-Health Service), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Fremantle Hospital (WA Government Public-Health Service), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 108, No 10 (2015), Pagination: 1948-1952Abstract
No Abstract.- On the Villainous Saltpetre in Pre-Independent India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, AU
2 6, Seventh Main Road, Fourth Avenue, Dhandeeswarar Nagar, Chennai 600 042, IN
3 Charles Sturt University, The Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, AU
2 6, Seventh Main Road, Fourth Avenue, Dhandeeswarar Nagar, Chennai 600 042, IN
3 Charles Sturt University, The Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 110, No 5 (2016), Pagination: 923-927Abstract
William Shakespeare qualifies saltpetre with the term 'villanous' in Henry IV (Act I, Scene 3, 1598, note 1), because of its then known relevance in gunpowder manufacture.- Surgeon Senjee Pulney Andy’s Trials in Treating Smallpox using Leaves of Azadirachta indica in Southern India in the 1860s
Abstract Views :206 |
PDF Views:91
Authors
Affiliations
1 Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 104, No 12 (2013), Pagination: 1720-1722Abstract
Indian people hold Azadirachta indica (Rutales: Meliaceae) (nimba, Sanskrit), a native tree, in high veneration. Its cultural connections with the people of the Indian subcontinent are complex and intense1. References to its use exist in Caraka, Susruŧa and Brihat Samhita-s - the ancient Sanskrit medical treatises.
- Medical Stores in 1865, Pharmacist Training and Pharmacopoeias in India Until the Launch of the Indian Pharmacopoeia in 1955
Abstract Views :427 |
PDF Views:112
Authors
Affiliations
1 C. Y. O’Connor Village Medical Centre, Erade Drive, Piarra Waters, WA 6112, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P. O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 C. Y. O’Connor Village Medical Centre, Erade Drive, Piarra Waters, WA 6112, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P. O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 06 (2018), Pagination: 1358-1366Abstract
Medical stores attached to army hospitals serviced as pharmacies in India until the later decades of the 19th century. Only around the 1920s, independent pharmacies as retail outlets began to appear in India. An army surgeon, Edward Nicholson, in an article published in the Madras Quarterly Journal of Medical Science (1865), while stationed in Cannanore in the erstwhile Presidency of Madras, laments on the poor quality of the army medical stores and how the surgeons were also to function as the compounder–dispenser in army hospitals. In this paper, we have used this Nicholson’s narrative as a trigger to reconstruct the status of army medical stores in British India and the publication of pharmacopoeias (also referred as Materia Medicas) in India by British surgeons in India, such as William O’Shaughnessy and Edward Waring in 1842 and 1868 respectively. The Madras Presidency contributed, in an equally significant measure, to pharmacopoeial knowledge. Mohideen Sheriff, an early graduate of the Madras Medical College (MMC) and who superintended the Triplicane Dispensary for several years, wrote the Materia Medica of Madras. The MMC offered training to medical students in Materia Medica in the 1860s. However, formal training of Chemists and Druggists (= pharmacists) commenced in MMC only between 1870 and 1879. Madras pioneered in establishing the Pharmaceutical Society of India in 1925 – the first established professional body – primarily meant to act as an accreditation society, which was amalgamated with the Indian Pharmaceutical Association functioning in Banares (Varanasi) in 1949.References
- Nicholson, E., Madras Q. J. Med. Sci., 1865, 8, 335–342.
- Martin, M. (ed.), The Despatches, Minutes, and Correspondence of the Marquess Wellesley, K. G. During his Administration in India (Volume 4), W.H. Allen & Co., London, 1837, p. 682.
- Bonnemain, B., Rev. Hist. Pharm., 2008, 95, 311–334.
- Cowen, D. L., Med. Hist., 1957, 1, 123–139.
- Singer, C. and Underwood, E. A., Short History of Medicine, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 1962, p. 854.
- Griffith, R. T. H., The Atharva-Veda Described: with a Classified Selection of Hymns, Explanatory Notes and Review, Christian Literature Society for India, London, UK, 1897, p. 68.
- Saini, A., J. Fam. Med. Primary Care, 2016, 5, 254–258.
- Van Loon, G. (ed.), Charaka Samhita–Handbook on Ayurveda, 2002–2003, I, pp. 291–468, 537–628, http://yousigma.com/biographies/Charaka%20Samhita%-20(Acharya%20Charaka).pdf (accessed on 8 August 2017).
- Valiathan, M. S., The Legacy of Vāgbhata, Universities Press, Hyderabad, 2009, p. 920.
- Valiathan, M. S., The Legacy of Suśruta, Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 2011, p. 830.
- Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de Madrid, Farmacopea Española, Imprenta Nacional, Madrid, Spain, 1865, p. 628.
- Sonnedecker, G., Kremers and Urdang’s History of Pharmacy (4th edition), The American Institute of the History of Pharmacy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1986, p. 571.
- Raman, R. and Raman, A., Curr. Sci., 2014, 107, 909–913.
- Jensen, N. T., Med. Hist., 2005, 49, 489–515.
- Raman, A., Curr. Sci., 2017, 113, 368–369.
- Chopra, R. N., Chopra, I. C., Handa, K. L. and Kapur, L. D., Indigenous Drugs of India (2nd Edition), Academic Publishers, Calcutta, 2006, p. 816.
- Basu, A., Indian J. Hist. Sci., 1989, 24, 318–328.
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission; http://ipc.nic.in/search-detail.asp?lang=1&lid=99&EncHid=, n.d. (accessed on 7 July 2017).
- Bhattacharya, N., Hist. Comp., 2016, 14, 131–139.
- O’Shaughnessy, W. B., Prov. Med. J. Retros. Med. Sci., 1843, 123, 363–369.
- Gorman, M., Notes Rec. R. Soc. London, 1984, 39, 51–64.
- Ghose, S., Indian J. Hist. Sci., 1994, 29, 9–12.
- MacGillivray, N., J. Med. Biogra., 2015, doi:10.1177/0967772015596276.
- O’Shaughnessy, W.B., The Bengal Dispensatory, Chiefly Compiled from the Works of Roxburgh, Wallich, Ainslie, Wight, Arnot, Royle, Pereira, Lindley, Richard, and Fee Including the Results of Numerous Special Experiments, Government of India, printed at W. Thacker & Co, Calcutta, 1842, p. 794.
- Ray, P. C., In Shaping of Indian Science: Indian Science Congress Association’s Presidential Addresses 1914–1947, Universities Press, Hyderabad, 2003, pp. 82–95.
- Waring, E. J., Pharmacopoeia of India, W. H. Allen & Co., London, UK, 1868, p. 502.
- Sheriff, M., Materia Medica of Madras (Vol. 1), Superintendent, Government Press, Madras, 1891, p. 161.
- Executive Committee of the Calcutta International Exhibition, Official Report of the Calcutta International Exhibition 1883–1884, Bengal Secretariat Press, Calcutta, 1885.
- Singh, H., Pharmaceutical Education, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, 1998, p. 204.
- Dickinson, J. E., LIII Annual Report of the Madras Medical College Session 1875–76, Government of Madras, Madras, 1876, p. 69.
- King, H., Annual Report of the Madras Medical College, Session 1879–80, Government of Madras, Madras, p. 16; http://digital.nls.uk/indiapapers/browse/archive/74952890
- Satthianadhan, S., History of Education in the Madras Presidency, Srinivasa, Varadachari & Co., Madras, 1894, pp. 295+cxxxiv.
- The Publication Committee, History of Higher Education in South India, 1857–1957, Vol. II, University of Madras, Madras, 1894, p. 398.
- Elwes, F. F., In Madras 1922 Handbook, (ed. the Indian Science Congress Committee), facsimile edition by Asian Education Service, New Delhi, 2005, pp. 65–71.
- Singh, H., Indian J. Hist. Sci., 2000, 35, 67–76.
- Sen, B. K., Gera, J. C., Gogia, K. L. and Rajagopalan, T. S., Ann. Libr. Sci. Doc., 1966, 13, 1–24.
- Singh, H., Indian J. Hist. Sci., 2008, 43, 231–264.
- Anon., Indian J. Pharm., 1949, 1, 174–175.
- Kaul, R., Pharm. Hist., 2001, 53, 102–110.
- Nicholson, E., Indian Snakes. An Elementary Treatise on Ophiology with a Descriptive Catalogue of the Snakes Found in India and the Adjoining Countries, Higginbotham & Co, Madras, 1874, p. 188.
- University of Madras, The, The Calendar for 1928–1929, The University of Madras, Madras, 1928, vol. II, p. 484.
- Anon., Nature, 1939, 143, 405.
- Women Doctors and Women’s Hospitals in Madras with Notes on the Related Influencing Developments in India in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
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Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Henry Street, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Henry Street, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1232-1240Abstract
At least 30 years before qualified women doctors from Britain, America and Australia came to India to assist in the health care of women, Mary Ann Dacomb Scharlieb living in Madras (now Chennai) graduated with an LMS (Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery) diploma from the Madras Medical College in 1875. She then proceeded to London to earn an MBBS degree from the newly started Medical School for Women. She returned to Madras after completing advanced training in operative midwifery at the Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Vienna, Austria in 1884. The Government of Madras established a women’s hospital in Moore’s Garden – the Royal Victoria Hospital for Caste and Gosha Women (RVH) – which she superintended from 1884 to 1887; the hospital was shifted to its current location in Triplicane, Chennai in 1890. Doctors in Madras, such as Ida Sophia Scudder and Muthulakshmi Reddy, played a major role in taking women’s health care to new heights. While chronicling the lives and works of pioneer women doctors of Madras, this note also enunciates details of the establishment of premier women’s hospitals in Madras: (1) the Maternity Hospital (MH) in Egmore and (2) the RVH in Triplicane, in the backdrop of an overall context of women’s health management in the rest of India, triggered by the Dufferin Association and its sprigs, the Association of Medical Women in India and Women’s Medical Service for India. The MH, at least four decades older than the RVH, performed remarkably on many a score: for example, in starting of a midwife training school and the Diploma in Gynaecology and Obstetrics programme, the latter setting the trend for the rest of India. The MH pioneered in developing a facility to treat infants and children as well in 1949, thanks to the efforts of pediatrician S. T. Ãchar, thus earning a reputation as the ‘Egmore model’ in medical circles. This note is an appreciation and a token of gratitude to those unforgettable heroines, who worked against odds, including facing resentment and resistance from some Indian men of status and influence.References
- Howe, R., A Century of Influence – The Australian Student Christian Movement, The University of New South Wales Press, Sydney, Australia, 2009, p. 446.
- Gracey, J. T., Medical Work of the Foreign Missionary Society, Methodist Episcopal Church, A. O. Bunnell, Office of the Dansville Advertiser, Dansville, NY, USA, 1881, p. 191.
- Llewellyn-Jones, R., Chowkidar: A Newsl. Br. Assoc. Cemeteries South Asia, 1993, 6, 90–93.
- Balfour, M. I. and Young, R., The Work of Medical Women in India, Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, Bombay, 1929, pp. 201 + xiv.
- Pandya, S., Medical Education in Western India: Grant Medical College and Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy’s Hospital, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, 2019, p. 585.
- Jhirad, J., J. Obstet. Gynaecol. India, 1953, 3, 401–416.
- Dall, C. H., The Life of Dr Anandibai Joshee, a Kinswoman of Pundita Ramabai, Roberts Brothers, Boston, USA, p. 185.
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- Forbes, G. and Raychaudhuri, T., The Memoirs of Dr Haimabati Sen: From Child Widow to Lady Doctor, Roli Books, New Delhi, 2000, p. 407.
- Scharlieb, M., Reminiscences, William & Norgate Ltd., London, UK, 1924, p. 239.
- deVries, J. R., Soc. Politics, 2015, 22, 298–318.
- van Hollen, C., Birth on the Threshold: Childbirth and Modernity in South India, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2003, p. 310.
- Love, H. D., Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640–1800, Vol. III, John Murray, London, UK, 1913, p. 580.
- Raman, R. and Raman, A., Nat. Med. J. India, 2016, 29, 98–102.
- The Asylum Press Almanac and Compendium of Intelligence for 1865, Lawrence Asylum Press, Madras, 1865, p. 784.
- Keess, J., Annual Report of the Madras Medical College, Session 1881–1882, Government Press, Madras, 1882, pp. 7– 11; https://digital.nls.uk/indiapapers/browse/archive/74953070.
- Menon, S., Madras Mus., 2009, XIX; http://madras-musings.com/Vol%2019%20No%204/other-stories.html
- Pandit, R. D., J. Obstat. Gynaecol. India, 1976, 26, 183–185.
- Mudaliar, A. L., In The Madras Tercentenary Commemoration Volume (ed. The Madras Tercentenary Celebration Committee), Oxford University Press, Madras, 1939, pp. 51–60.
- Guha, A., Indian Hist. Rev., 2017, 44, 106–123.
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- Fenger, J. F., History of the Tranquebar Mission Worked Out from the Original Papers (English edition, translated by Francke, E.), Evangelical Lutheran Mission Press, Tranquebar, 1863, p. 324.
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- Raman, A., Curr. Sci., 2017, 113, 368– 369.
- Kaeppelin, P., La Compagnie des Indes Orientales et François Martin. Étude sur l’Histoire du Commerce et des Établissements Français dans l’Inde sous Louis XIV (1664–1719), A. Challamel, Paris, France, 1908, p. 673.
- Raman, A., Curr. Sci., 2017, 107, 1607– 1612.
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- James Annesley of Madras Medical Service (1800–1838) on Cholera in Madras Presidency in 1825
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Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Mouat Street, Fremantle, WA 6160, IN
2 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, IN
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Mouat Street, Fremantle, WA 6160, IN
2 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 1026-1030Abstract
James Annesley from Ireland spent nearly four decades in Madras, first as an assistant and later as a senior surgeon attached to the Madras Medical Establishment. During this span of service he published the book in 1825 on the most prevalent diseases of India comprising a treatise on the epidemic cholera of the East. This paper recounts the epidemiology of cholera and the efforts made to manage it in the Madras Presidency in the 1820s, keeping in view the life of Annesley and the contents of his book.References
- Cook, G. C., J. Royal Soc. Med., 1990, 83, 38‒41.
- Rosenberg, C. E., The Cholera Years: The United States in 1832, 1849 and 1866, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA, 1987, p. 276.
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- Pettigrew, T. J., James Annesley Biographical Memoirs of the Most Celebrated Physicians, Surgeons, etc. Who have Contributed to the Advancement of Medical Science (Medical Portrait Gallery Series), Whittaker & Co., London, UK, 1839, pp. 1‒18.
- Annesley, J., Sketches of the Most Prevalent Diseases of India; Comprising a Treatise on the Epidemic Cholera of the East; Statistical and Topographical Reports of the Diseases in the Different Divisions of the Army, under the Madras Presidency: Embracing also the Annual Rate of Mortality, &c. of European Troops, and Practical Observations on the Effects of Calomel on the Alimentary Canal, and on the Diseases Most Prevalent in India. Thomas & George Underwood, London, UK, 1825, p. 464.
- Ainslie, W., Observations on the Cholera Morbus of India: A Letter Addressed to the Honourable the Court of Directors of the East-India Company, Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen, London, UK, 1825, p. 90.
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- Barua, D. and Greenlough, W. B., Cholera: Current Topics in Infectious Disease, Springer Science + Business Media LLC, Heidelberg, Germany, 1992, p. 372.
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- On the 200th Anniversary of the Madras Eye Infirmary, the First Ophthalmic Hospital in Asia
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Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 8 (2020), Pagination: 1313-1321Abstract
The first eye hospital, not onlyin India but in the whole of Asia as well, and the second oldest in the world, known as ‘Madras Eye Infirmary’ (MEI) as a public facility was established in Madras city (now Chennai) in 1819 to address the ophthalmic problems of residents of the city and the neighbourhood. Robert Richardson was its first superintendent. Whereas the Madras General Hospital, in the early days of its establishment serviced only the British army personneland civilians, the MEI, right frominception, serviced Indians for reasons unknown. This facility moved around the town during its early days, but settled in its current location in Marshalls Road (now Rukmini Lakşmipati Sãlai), Egmore (Ézhumbûr) in 1886. The MEI changed names over time: ‘Government Ophthalmic Hospital’ (GOH, in 1886), and presently the ‘Regional Institute of Ophthalmology and Government Ophthalmic Hospital’. Local people fondly refer to it as the Ézhumbûr KaṇÃspatiri. Robert Elliot (1904–1913), Henry Kirkpatrick (1914–1920), Robert Wright (1920–1938), K. Koman Nayar (1940–1945) and R. E. S. Muthayya (1947–1956) are significant names in the annals of GOH. Elliott is remembered by ophthalmic surgeons throughout the world for his pioneering surgical-management technique of glaucoma, which involved a novel improvement made over the one proposed by Pierre Félix Lagrange of Bordeaux in 1907. Thisnote recounts the key milestones andscientific landmarks in the pages of the history of this public facility, while referring to the science promoted by the medical men who led this hospital at various times until 1956 and placed it on the world map of medicine.References
- Kam, J. H., Weinrich, T. W., Shinhmar, H., Powner, M. B., Roberts, N. W., Abo-elnour, A. and Jeffery, G., Sci. Rep., 2019, 9, 12574; doi:https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-019-49121-0(accessed on 30 January 2020).
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- Agarwal, R. K., Br. J. Ophthalmol., 1971, 55, 128–129.
- Imperial Gazetteer of India, Henry Frowde and Oxford University Press, London, UK, vol. III, p. 520.
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- Clinical Manual for India – An Internally Published Handbook for Medical Students of the Madras Medical College in the Late 19th Century
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Affiliations
1 University of Notre Dame (School of Medicine), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 University of Notre Dame (School of Medicine), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU