Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
- Chandra Shekhar Sanwal
- Sneha Dobhal
- Sushma Kerkatta
- S. D. Bhardwaj
- Mridul Chakraborti
- Ngursanzuala Sailo
- Tshering Chomu Bhutia
- D. R. Singh
- Surajit Ghosh
- Uttara Pandey
- Parul Srivastava
- Swapan Mehra
- Neeraj Agarwal
- Rashmi Sharma
- Pradeep Thapliyal
- Rishi Gangwar
- Prateek Kumar
- Tapan Misra
- Ernesto Rodríguez
- Suchandra A. Bhowmick
- James Cotton
- Alexander Fore
- Christophe Payan
- Anuja Sharma
- Bryan Stiles
- Ad Stoffelen
- Anton Verhoef
- Abhisek Chakraborty
- Shweta Sharma
- M. Seemanth
- Maneesha Gupta
- Prantik Chakraborty
- Jalpa Modi
- Robert O. Green
- Bimal K. Bhattacharya
- Sadasiva Rao
- M. Saxena
- K. Ajay Kumar
- P. Srinivasulu
- Shashikant Sharma
- D. Dhar
- S. Bandyopadhyay
- Shantanu Bhatwadekar
- Deepak Putrevu
- Sanjay Trivedi
- Anup Das
- Dharmendra Pandey
- Priyanka Mehrotra
- S. K. Garg
- Venkata Reddy
- Shalini Gangele
- Himanshu Patel
- Devendra Sharma
- R. Sijwali
- Nikhil Pandya
- Amit Shukla
- Gaurav Seth
- V. M. Ramanujam
- Surisetty V. V. Arun Kumar
- Rakesh Kumar Luhar
- Jagdish Prajapati
- Bipasha Paul Shukla
- Ch. Venkateswarlu
- B. Sivaiah
- K. V. S. R. Prasad
- R. P. Singh
- Shard Chander
- Ratheesh Ramakrishnan
- Ashwin Gujrati
- Rohit Pradhan
- Chirag Wadhwa
- A. S. Rajawat
- M. Mohapatra
- A. K. Mitra
- Virendra Singh
- S. K. Mukherjee
- Kavita Navria
- Vikram Prashar
- Ashish Tyagi
- Atul Kumar Verma
- Sunitha Devi
- V. S. Prasad
- Mudumba Ramesh
- V. C. Pande
- P. R. Bhatnagar
- D. Dinesh
- Gopal Kumar
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Kumar, Raj
- Production and Conservation of Medicinal Plants in Understorey of Degraded Chir Pine Forests Using Sustainable Techniques
Abstract Views :277 |
PDF Views:99
Authors
Affiliations
1 Uttarakhand Forest Department, Dehradun 248 001, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, RC, Vasad 388 306, IN
3 College of Forestry, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173 230, IN
4 Department of Forestry, Sarguja Vishwavidayalaya, Ambikapur 497 001, IN
5 College of Forestry, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173 230, IN
1 Uttarakhand Forest Department, Dehradun 248 001, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, RC, Vasad 388 306, IN
3 College of Forestry, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173 230, IN
4 Department of Forestry, Sarguja Vishwavidayalaya, Ambikapur 497 001, IN
5 College of Forestry, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173 230, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 112, No 12 (2017), Pagination: 2386-2391Abstract
In general, little emphasis is given on the production of medicinal plant species for sustainable harvest and conservation in the understorey of degraded forests. For instance, forests like chir pine which are not managed to grow any medicinal plants, offer an opportunity to produce and conserve native medicinal plants. This article highlights a study focusing on the production of medicinal plants in association with Chir pine forests, involving sustainable management techniques like minimum tillage and selecting suitable aspects for the sustainable harvest and conservation of plants under the canopy of trees. The medicinal plants were grown on three topographical aspects - Northern, North-Western and Western by adopting three tillage depths, viz. minimum (0 cm), medium (up to 10 cm) and deep tillage (up to 15 cm), in open and below tree canopy conditions. From yield and economic point of view, Andrographis paniculata, Mucuna pruriens, Solanum khasianum and Spilanthes acmella were found to be better yielding and more remunerative in comparison to Withania somnifera, Cymbopogon nardus and Ocimum basilicum, when grown outside the tree canopy adopting deep tillage on the Western aspect in Chir pine forests. The study can also be applicable to the other parts of the country to produce and conserve native medicinal plant species using sustainable management techniques like minimum tillage in blank patches or understorey of the degraded forests.Keywords
Chir Pine, Degraded Forest, Medicinal Plants, Production and Conservation, Sustainable Management.References
- Bodeker, G., Medicinal Plants: Towards Sustainability and Security, IDRC Medicinal Plants Global Network Sponsored Discussion Paper for WOCMAP III, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2002.
- Guleria, C., Vaidya, M. K., Sharma, R. and Dogra, D., Economics of production and marketing of important medicinal and aromatic plants in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. Econ. Affairs, 2014, 5(3), 363–378.
- Temptesa, M. S. and King, S., Tropical plants as a source of new pharmaceuticals. In Pharmaceutical Manufacturing International: The International Review of Pharmaceutical Technology Research and Development (ed. Barnacal, P. S.), Sterling Publications Ltd, London, 1994.
- Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Indian Drug Manufacturers’ Association, Mumbai, 1996.
- Lambert, J. et al., Medicinal Plants: Rescuing a Global Heritage, World Bank, Washington, 1997.
- Zou, X. and Sanford, R. L., Agroforestry systems in China: a survey and classification. Agrofor. Syst., 1990, 11, 85–94.
- Anderson, G. W., Green Pinus radiate needles as feed for sheep. Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 1985, 25, 524–528.
- Anon., Agroforestry – a new kind of farming. Rural Res., 1978, 99, 4–9.
- Malik, R. S. and Sharma, S. K., Moisture extraction and crop yield as a function of distance from tree row of Eucalyptus tereticornis. Agrofor. Syst., 1990, 12, 187–195.
- Kliever, I., Casaccia, J., Vallejos, F. and Derpsh, J., Costs and herbicide reduction in the no-tillage system by using green manure cover crops in Paraguay. In Proceedings 15th ISTRO Conference, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 2–7 July 2000.
- Russell, E. W. and Keen, A. B., Studies on soil cultivation VII. J. Agric. Sci., 1938, 28, 212–233.
- Sanwal, C. S., Sushma, K. and Kumar, N., An introduction of medicinal and aromatic plants in chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) forest of India: a sustainable technique. In Proceeding of the second International conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Singapur, 26–28 February 2011, vol. 1, pp. 293–296.
- Kothari, S. K., Singh, C. P., Kumar, Y. V. and Singh, K., Morphology, yield and quality of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) ischolar_mains and its cultivation influenced by its tillage depth and plant density. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol., 2003, 78(3), 422–425.
- Sanwal, C. S., Kumar Raj and Bhardwaj, S. D., Integration of Andrographis paniculata as potential medicinal plant in chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) plantation of North-Western Himalaya. Scientifica, 2016, 2016, 1–7.
- Chandra, S. S., Raj, K., Raheel, A. and Bhardwaj, S. D., Performance of Mucuna prurience under chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) plantation of mid hills of Western Himalayas. Agric. Res. Technol., Open Access J., 2016, 1(2), 555–560.
- Sanwal, C. S., Lone, R. A., Sushma, K., Khan, P. A., Pant, K. S. and Bhardwaj, S. D., Effect of aspect and tillage practices on growth and yield attributes of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata). Indian For., 2015, 141(2), 198–202.
- Sanwal, C. S., Sushma, K., Lone, R. A., Khan, P. A., Pant, K. S. and Bhardwaj, S. D., Influence of topographical aspect and tillage practices on kaunch (Mucuna pruriens). Indian J. Ecol., 2013, 40(1), 158–160.
- Sanwal, C. S., Lone, R. A., Sushma and Kumar, A., Performance of Cymbopogon nardus on different aspects and tillage depths in North Western Himalayas. J. Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2016, 19(5), 1292–1295.
- Anon., Indian Forestry Statistics, Ministry of Environmental and Forests. Government of India, 2002, pp. 1–50.
- Khosla, P. K., Sehgal, R. N. and Chauhan, S. K., Composition of chir pine seed stands for growth and nursery trait. Indian J. For., 1994, 17(3), 196–200.
- Pathak, S., Society, system and environmnet in the Himalaya. In History of Forestry in India (ed. Rawat, A. S.), Indus Publications, New Delhi, 1991, pp. 326–336.
- Dutt, V. and Gupta, B., Interaction between trees and ground flora in different aged chir pine stands of sub-tropical region in India. Indian J. For., 2005, 28(3), 273–282.
- Joshi, M., Singh, S. P. and Rawat, Y. S., Analysis of grazing land vegetation of banoak (Quercus leucotrichophora) and chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) forest zone in Kumaun, Central Himalaya. Range Manage. Agrofor., 1994, 15(1), 1–9.
- Bisht, J. K. and Gupta, H. S., Fodder production strategies for Uttaranchal under present situation. In Proceeding of the Papers of National Workshop on Sustainable Mountain Agriculture held at Nainital from 27 to 29 September 2002 (eds Shrama, R. et al.), Consul Printers, Nainital, 2003, pp. 233–245.
- Anon., Biodiversity characterization at landscape level in western Himalayas using satellite remote sensing and geographic information system. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSA), Dehradun, 2002.
- Sanwal, C. S., Bhardwaj, S. D., Pant, K. S., Sushma and Khan, P. A., Production potential of Withania somnifera under Pinus roxburgii based agroforestry system. Indian J. For., 2011, 34(3), 277–284.
- Sanwal, C. S., Bhardwaj, S. D., Sushma, K., Lone, R. A., Pant, K. S. and Khan, P. A., Effect of variation of aspect and frequency of tillage depth on growth and yield attributes of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in mid hills of western Himalayas. Med. Plants, 2013, 5, 1–5.
- Sanwal, C. S., Kumar, R., Anwar, R., Kakade, V., Kerkatta, S. and Bhardwaj, S. D., Growth and yield of Solanum khasianum in Pinus roxburghii forest based silvi-medicinal system in mid hills of Indian Himalaya. For. Ecosyst., 2016, 3(19), 1–9.
- Sanwal, C. S., Bhardwaj, S. D. and Sushma, Introduction of Medicinal Herbs in Pine Forests, Lambert Academic Publ., Germany, 2014, p. 92.
- Asymbiotic Seed Germination and In Vitro Seedling Development of Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein, a Valuable and Vulnerable Lady’s Slipper Orchid from India
Abstract Views :618 |
PDF Views:88
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Research Center for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim 737 106, IN
1 ICAR-National Research Center for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim 737 106, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 02 (2018), Pagination: 266-269Abstract
Orchids of Paphiopedilum genera, commonly known as lady’s slipper orchids, are popular as potted plants. Nearly 131 species have been reported worldwide, among which 9 are found in the states of North East India. Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) is one such species which is listed under vulnerable category in the latest version of the IUCN Red Data Book. Its area of occupancy (AOO) is limited to only 56 sq. km in the world and its population trend has reduced significantly in recent decades. The species is protected under Schedule VI of the Wildlife Protection Act of India. Utilization of only cultivated specimens in the trade and long-term community-based conservation to protect the habitat and species has been recommended by IUCN.References
- Kumar, P. and Rankou, H., IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.201 5-2.RLTS.T201858A2723582.en.
- Wattanawikkit, P., Bunn, E. K. and Tantiwiwat, S. and Kasetsart, J., Nat. Sci., 2011, 45, 12–19.
- Pauw, M. A., Remphrey, W. R. and Palmer, C. E., Ann. Bot., 1995, 75, 267–275.
- Godo, T., Komori, M., Nakaoki, E., Yukawa, T. and Miyoshi, K., In Vitro Cell. Dev. Bol. – Plant, 2010, 46, 323–328.
- Deb, C. R. and Pongener, A., J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol., 2011, 20, 90–95.
- Hadley, G., New Phytol., 1970, 69, 549–555.
- Long, B., Alex, X., Cheng, Z. and Long, C., Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 2010, 101, 151–162.
- Khamchatra, N., Dixonb, K. W., Tantiwiwat, S. and Piapukiew, J., S. Afr. J. Bot., 2016, 104, 76–81.
- Zeng, S. et al., Sci. Hortic., 2012, 138, 198–209.
- Chen, Y., Manage, G. U., Fan, X. L. and Jiang-Yun, G., Global Ecol. Conserv., 2015, 3, 367–378.
- Zhang, Y. H., Rong, J. D, Fu, Y., Chen, L. G., Chen, L. Y. and Zheng, Y. S., J. Anim. Plant Sci., 2015, 25, 146–151.
- Murashige, T. and Skoog, F., Physiol. Plant., 1962, 15, 473–497.
- Gamborg, O. L., Miller, R. A. and Ojima, O., Exp. Cell Res., 1968, 50, 151–158.
- Nitsch, J. P. and Nitsch, C., Science, 1969, 163, 85–87.
- Novak, S. D. and Whitehouse, G. A., AoB Plants, 2013, 5, pls053.
- Hossain, M. M. and Dey, R., S. Afr. J. Bot., 2013, 85, 56–62.
- Recent Flood Event in Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India as Assessed Using Remote Sensing Data
Abstract Views :329 |
PDF Views:85
Authors
Affiliations
1 IORA Ecological Solutions Pvt Ltd, 225B, FF, Indraprastha, Gyanamandir Complex, Lado Sarai Village, New Delhi - 110030, IN
1 IORA Ecological Solutions Pvt Ltd, 225B, FF, Indraprastha, Gyanamandir Complex, Lado Sarai Village, New Delhi - 110030, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 5 (2018), Pagination: 821-822Abstract
The Brahmaputra basin covers a geographical area of 580,000 km2, spreading over China, India, Bangladesh and Bhutan. India is the middle riparian country between China and Bangladesh on the Brahmaputra river which originates from the Angsi glacier in Tibet1. The catchment of the Brahmaputra within India spreads across the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Nagaland and Sikkim. Flooding is a regular phenomenon in the lower catchment of the Brahmaputra.References
- CWC and NRSC. (2014, March); http:// www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/Publications/BasinReports/Brahamaputra%20Basin.pdf (last accessed on 21 August 2017).
- Kushwaha, S. P. S. et al., Project report, IIRS/FED/Kaziranga/36/8026/2008.
- Ghosh, S., Nandy, S. and Senthil Kumar, A., Curr. Sci., 2016, 111(9), 1450–1451.
- Geostationary Satellite-Based Observations for Ocean Applications
Abstract Views :187 |
PDF Views:81
Authors
Neeraj Agarwal
1,
Rashmi Sharma
1,
Pradeep Thapliyal
1,
Rishi Gangwar
1,
Prateek Kumar
1,
Raj Kumar
1
Affiliations
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere and Planetary Sciences Area, Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere and Planetary Sciences Area, Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 506-515Abstract
The study presents assessment and potential oceanographic applications of sea-surface temperature (SST), ocean net shortwave radiation (SWR) and chlorophyll concentration (CC) observations obtained from various geostationary platforms. SST and SWR from imager on-board Indian National Satellite (INSAT- 3D) and CC from Global Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) on-board communication ocean and meteorological satellite (COMS) have been used in the analysis. Relative advantages of high temporal resolution obtained from the geostationary platform compared to polar orbiting platforms are demonstrated. Comparison of INSAT-3D SST with observations gives a correlation of 0.85 and RMSE of 0.81 K. These platforms definitely provide a highly reliable source of continuous observations, which is useful in monitoring dynamic oceanic features such as thermal fronts, chlorophyll blooms, air–sea exchange fluxes, etc. on diurnal to daily timescales.Keywords
Chlorophyll Concentration, Geostationary Satellites, INSAT-3D, Sea-surface Temperature, Shortwave Radiation.References
- CGMS-46, Report of the 46th Plenary Session of the Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites, CGMS-46, Bengaluru, 3–8 June 2018.
- Murakami, H., Ocean color estimation by Himawari-8/AHI, 2016; doi:10.1117/12.2225422.
- Kurihara, Y., Murakami, H. and Kachi, M., Sea surface temperature from the new Japanese geostationary meteorological Himawari8 satellite. Geosphys. Res. Lett., 2015; doi:10.1002/2015 GL067159.
- Nigam, R., Bhattacharya, B. K., Gunjal, K. R., Padmanabhan, N., and Patel, N. K., Formulation of time series vegetation index from Indian geostationary satellite and comparison with global product. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, 2011, 40(1), 1–9.
- Temimi, M., Romanov, P., Ghedira, H., Khanbilvardi, R. and Smith, K., Sea-ice monitoring over the Caspian Sea using geostationary satellite data. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 2011, 32(6), 1575– 1593.
- Legeckis, R. and LeBorgne, P., EUMETSAT geostationary satellite monitors the sea surface temperatures of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans since 2004. Environ. Res. Eng. Manage., 2009, 3(49), 4–9.
- Clayson, C. A. and Weitlich, D., Variability of tropical diurnal sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 2007; https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3999.1.
- Wang, M., Son, S., Jiang, L. and Shi, W., Observations of ocean diurnal variations from the Korean geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI). Proc. SPIE 9111, Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VI, 911102, 2014; doi:10.1117/12.2053476.
- Qi, L., Hu, C., Visser, P. M. and Ma, R., Diurnal changes of cyanobacteria blooms in Taihu Lake as derived from GOCI observations. Limnol. Oceanogr., 2018; doi:10.1002/lno.10802.
- Lou, X. and Chuanmin, H., Diurnal changes of a harmful algal bloom in the East China Sea: observations from GOCI. Remote Sensing Environ., 2014, 140, 562–572; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.09.031.
- Park, J.-E., Park, K.-A., Ullman, D. S., Cornillon, P. C. and Park, Young-Je, Observation of diurnal variations in mesoscale eddy sea-surface currents using GOCI data. Remote Sensing Lett., 2016; https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2016.1219423,1131-1140.
- Lukas, R., Observations of air–sea interaction in the western Pacific warm pool during WEPOCS. In Paper presented at the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop for TOGA COARE, Institut francais de Recherche scientifique pour le Developpement en Cooperation (ORSTOM), NOUMEA, New Caledonia, 1989.
- Shinoda, T., Hendon, H. H. and Glick, J., Intraseasonal variability of surface fluxes and sea surface temperature in the tropical western Pacific and Indian Oceans. J. Climate, 1998, 11, 1685–1702.
- Sengupta, D., Goswami, B. N. and Senan, R., Coherent intraseasonal oscillations of ocean and atmosphere during the Asian summer monsoon. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2001, 28, 4127–4130.
- Shahi, N. R., Thapliyal, P. K., Sharma, R., Pal, P. K. and Sarkar, A., Estimation of net surface shortwave radiation over the tropical Indian Ocean using geostationary satellite observations: algorithm and validation. J. Geophys. Res., 2011, 116, C09031; doi:10.1029/ 2011JC007105.
- Le Traon, P.-Y. et al., Use of satellite observations for operational oceanography: recent achievements and future prospects. J. Operational Oceanogr., 2015, 8(s12–s27); doi:10.1080/1755876X.2015.1022050.
- Minnett, P. J., Zhu, X., Hendee, J., Manfrino, C. and Berkelmans, R., Diurnal heating of shallow water – implications for satellite remote sensing of sea-surface temperature and monitoring coastal environments. In IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2012, Munich, Germany, 22–27 July 2012.
- Stuart‐Menteth, A. C., Robinson, I. S. and Challenor, P. G., A global study of diurnal warming using satellite‐derived sea surface temperature. J. Geophys. Res. (Oceans), 2003, 108(C5), 3155; doi:10.1029/2002JC001534.
- Mathur, A., Srinivasan, I., Gohil, B. S., Sarkar, A. and Agarwal, V. K., Development of sea surface temperature retrieval algorithm for INSAT-3D. In Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Interactions, International Society for Optics and Photonics, Goa, India, December 2006, vol. 6404, p. 64040E.
- Martin, M. et al., Group for High Resolution Sea Surface temperature (GHRSST) analysis fields inter-comparisons. Part 1: a GHRSST multi-product ensemble (GMPE). Deep Sea Res. II, 2012, 77–80, 21–30; doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.013.
- Schmetz, J. and Liu, Q., Outgoing longwave radiation and its diurnal variation at regional scales derived from Meteosat. J. Geophys. Res., 1988, 93(11), 192–204.
- Venkatesan, R., Lix, J. K., Phanindra Reddy, A., Arul Muthiah, M. and Atmanand, M. A. Two decades of operating the Indian moored buoy network: significance and impact. J. Oper. Oceanogr., 2016, 9(1), 45–54.
- Shukla, M. V., Thapliyal, P. K., Bisht, J. H., Mankad, K. N., Pal, P. K. and Navalgund, R. R., Intersatellite calibration of Kalpana thermal infrared channel using AIRS hyperspectral observations. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett., 2012, 9(4), 687–689; doi:10.1109/LGRS.2011.2178813.
- Casey, K. and Cornillon, P., A comparison of satellite and in situ– based sea surface temperature climatologies. J. Climate, 1999, 12(6), 1848–1863.
- Marra, J., Houghton, R. and Garside, C., Phytoplankton growth at the shelf-break front in the middle Atlantic bight. J. Mar. Res., 1990, 48(4), 851–868; doi:https://doi.org/10.1357/002224090784988665.
- Weller, R. A. and Anderson, S. P., Surface meteorology and air– sea fluxes in the western equatorial Pacific Warm Pool during the TOGA Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment. J. Climate, 1996, 9, 1959–1990; doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009< 1959:SMAASF>2.0.CO;2.
- Preface
Abstract Views :262 |
PDF Views:88
Authors
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 940-940Abstract
Ocean surface winds are an important parameter for various meteorological and oceanographic applications. These are utilized not only for the study of severe weather events like cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons, but are also important for assimilation in numerical weather forecast models to improve the forecast. The ocean surface winds also cater to the forcing of ocean wave and circulation models used for ocean state forecasts. In situ measurements of winds by buoys and ships are point observations and also very few in number to provide a synoptic view.- An Assessment of the Performance of ISRO’s SCATSAT-1 Scatterometer
Abstract Views :303 |
PDF Views:110
Authors
Suchandra A. Bhowmick
1,
James Cotton
2,
Alexander Fore
3,
Raj Kumar
1,
Christophe Payan
4,
Ernesto Rodríguez
3,
Anuja Sharma
1,
Bryan Stiles
3,
Ad Stoffelen
5,
Anton Verhoef
5
Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Met Office, GB
3 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, US
4 CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, FR
5 Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), NL
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Met Office, GB
3 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, US
4 CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, FR
5 Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), NL
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 959-972Abstract
SCATSAT-1 is a continuity mission for the Oceansat-2 scatterometer, OSCAT-1, which provided useful ocean vector wind observations used in, among others, oceanography, numerical weather prediction (NWP) and nowcasting. The purpose of this paper is to review the findings of the SCATSAT-1 CalVal team regarding the stability and performance of version 1.1.3 of the SCATSAT-1 data. The international CalVal team organized by ISRO included participants from various institutions in India, ISRO’s Space Applications Centre, KNMI from the Netherlands, and from the USA, NOAA, and NASA’s JPL. To perform the evaluation, different centres processed the data independently using heritage processors and made comparisons against NASA’s Ku-band QuikSCAT mission, in situ data, and NWP models. We also provide a preliminary assessment of the impact of the SCATSAT-1 data on operational forecasts in India and Europe. We conclude that the SCATSAT-1 data shows significantly improved performance relative to ISRO’s OSCAT-1 on Oceansat-2, and that the instrument seems to be stable, given the limited period of observation. The CalVal team has also identified features in the data that could benefit from calibration and processing changes, potentially leading to further improvements on data quality.Keywords
Calibration, OSCAT-1, QuikSCAT, Weather Prediction.References
- Fore, A. G., Neumann, G., Freedman, A. P., Chaubell, M. J., Tang, W., Hayashi, A. K. and Yueh, S. H., Aquarius scatterometer calibration. IEEE J.-STARS, 2015, 8(12), 5424–5432.
- Shimada, M., Isoguchi, O. and Isono, K., PALSAR radiometric and geometric calibration. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2009, 47(12), 3915–3932.
- Shimada, M., Long-term stability of L-band normalized radar cross section of Amazon rainforest using the JERS-1 SAR. Can. J. Remote Sens., 2005, 31(1), 132–137.
- Madsen, N. M. and Long, D. G., Calibration and validation of the RapidScat scatterometer using tropical rainforests. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2016, 54(5), 2846–2854.
- Jaruwatanadilok, S., Stiles, B. W. and Fore, A. G., Crosscalibration between QuikSCAT and Oceansat-2. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2014, 52(10), 6197–6204.
- Wang, Z., Stoffelen, A., He, Y., Zhang, B., Verhoef, A., Lin, W., Li, X. and Shao, F., An improved wind direction modulation for Ku-band geophysical model functions, based on ASCAT and OSCAT-2 collocations. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, manuscript 2018JC014389 (under review).
- Snyder, J. P., Map projections used by the US Geological Survey, Technical Report Bulletin 1532, USGS 1982.
- Fore, A. G., Stiles, B. W., Chau, A. H., Williams, B. A., Dunbar, R. S. and Rodriguez, E., Point-wise wind retrieval and ambiguity removal improvements for the QuikSCAT climatological data set. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2014, 53(1).
- Ricciardulli, L. and Wentz, F., A scatterometer geophysical model function for climate–quality winds: QuikSCAT Ku-2011. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2015, 32, 1829–1846.
- Stiles, B. W., Pollard, B. D. and Dunbar, R. S., Direction interval retrieval with thresholded nudging: a method for improving the accuracy of QuikSCAT winds. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2002, 40(1), 79–89.
- EUMETSAT OSI SAF, Product Requirements Document, SAF/OSI/CDOP3/MF/MGT/PL/2-001, 2017.
- EUMETSAT OSI SAF, Service Specification Document, SAF/OSI/CDOP3/MF/MGT/PL/003, 2017.
- EUMETSAT OSI SAF, ScatSat-1 wind Product User Manual, SAF/OSI/CDOP2/KNMI/TEC/MA/287, 2018.
- SCATSAT-1 Data Products and Retrieval Team, Algorithm and Theoretical Basis Document for SCATSAT1 Data Products, ISRO/SAC/SCATSAT1/DP/ATBD/V1.0, Dec 2016.
- Bidlot, J., Holmes, D., Wittmann, P., Lalbeharry, R. and Chen, H., Intercomparison of the performance of operational ocean wave forecasting systems with buoy data. Weather Forecast., 2002, 17, 287–310.
- Liu, W. T., Katsaros, K. B. and Businger, J. A., Bulk parameterization of air-sea exchanges of heat and water vapor including the molecular constraints in the interface. J. Atmos. Sci., 1979, 36.
- Stoffelen, A., Toward the true near-surface wind speed: error modeling and calibration using triple collocation. J. Geophys. Res., 1998, 103(C4), 7755–7766; doi:10.1029/97JC03180.
- Vogelzang, J., Stoffelen, A., Verhoef, A. and Figa-Saldana, J., On the quality of high-resolution scatterometer winds. J. Geophys. Res., 2011, 116, C10033; doi:10.1029/2010JC006640.
- Stoffelen, A. et al., Research and Development in Europe on Global Application of the OceanSat-2 Scatterometer Winds, KNMI, Report numbers: NWPSAF-KN-TR-022 and SAF/OSI/CDOP2/KNMI/TEC/RP/1962013, 2013; https://www.nwpsaf.eu/publications/tech_reports/nwpsaf-kn-tr-022.pdf.
- Wang, Z. et al., An SST-dependent Ku-band geophysical model function for RapidScat. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 2017, 122, 3461–3480; doi:10.1002/2016JC012619.
- EUMETSAT OSI SAF, ScatSat-1 wind validation report, SAF/OSI/CDOP3/KNMI/TEC/RP/324, v1.0, 2018.
- Verhoef, A., Vogelzang, J. and Stoffelen, A., Oceansat-2 L2 winds Data Record validation report, SAF/OSI/CDOP3/KNMI/TEC/RP/298.
- Verhoef, A., Vogelzang, J. and Stoffelen, A., Reprocessed SeaWinds L2 winds validation report, SAF/OSI/CDOP2/KNMI/TEC/RP/221.
- Post-Launch Calibration–Validation and Data Quality Evaluation of SCATSAT-1
Abstract Views :268 |
PDF Views:82
Authors
Raj Kumar
1,
Suchandra A. Bhowmick
1,
Abhisek Chakraborty
1,
Anuja Sharma
1,
Shweta Sharma
1,
M. Seemanth
1,
Maneesha Gupta
1,
Prantik Chakraborty
1,
Jalpa Modi
1,
Tapan Misra
1
Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
1 Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 973-982Abstract
Here we provide a brief description of the post-launch data quality evaluation and calibration–validation chain of the SCATSAT-1, the second scatterometers mission of Indian Space Research Organisation. This chain is of absolute importance to monitor the satellite health and its impact on its measurements. It also provides us overview of the suitability of the data for various applications. The results show that the SCATSAT instrument is having nominal behaviour, the measurements are of very high quality and is comparable to the reference mission QuikSCAT. The ocean surface winds derived using SCATSAT-1 are having errors less than 1 m/s and hence it is suitable for all operational meteorological and oceanographic applications.Keywords
Calibration, Data Quality Evaluation, Scatterometers, Validation, Wind Vectors.References
- Kumar, R., Bhowmick, S. A., Babu, K. N., Nigam, R. and Sarkar, A., Relative calibration of scatterometer backscattering coefficient using natural land targets – a preparatory study for OCEANSAT-2 scatterometer. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2011, 49(6), 2268–2273.
- Bhowmick, S. A., Kumar, R. and Kiran Kumar, A. S., Crosscalibration of the OceanSAT-2 scatterometer with QuikSCAT scatterometer using natural terrestrial targets. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2014, 52(6), 3393–3398.
- Kumar, R., Chakraborty, A., Parekh, A., Sikhakolli, R., Gohil, B. S. and Kiran Kumar, A. S., Evaluation of Oceansat-2-derived ocean surface winds using observations from global buoys and other scatterometers. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2013, 51(5), 2571–2576.
- Chakraborty, A., Deb, S. K., Sikhakolli, R., Gohil, B. S. and Kumar, R., Intercomparison of OSCAT winds with numericalmodelgenerated winds. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett., 2013, 10(2), 260–262.
- Gupta, M., Desai, Y. and Kartikeyan, B., Strategy for quality evaluation of OSCAT data. In Fourth International Conference of Environmental Research, Surat, Gujarat, India, 15–17 December 2011.
- McPhaden, M. J. et al., RAMA: the research moored array for African–Asian–Australian monsoon analysis and prediction. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 2009, 90, 459–480.
- Meindl, E. A. and Hamilton, G. D., Programs of the National Data Buoy Center. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 1992, 73(7), 985–993.
- Bourles, B. et al., The PIRATA program history, accomplishments and future directions. Cover story. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 2008, 89(8), 1111–1125.
- Prasad, V. S. and Indira Rani, S., Data pre-processing for NCMRWF Unified Model (NCUM): Version 2. NCMRWF research report, NMRF/RR/01/2014, 2014; http://www.ncmrwf.gov.in/ncum_obstore_v2.pdf
- De Kloe, J., Stoffelen, A. and Verhoef, A., Improved use of scatterometer measurements by using stress-equivalent reference winds. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth, 2017, 10(5), 2340–2347; doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2685242.
- Preface
Abstract Views :228 |
PDF Views:79
Authors
Raj Kumar
1,
Robert O. Green
2
Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN
2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, US
1 Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN
2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, US
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1081-1081Abstract
ISRO–NASA Airborne Hyperspectral Campaign- An Overview of AVIRIS-NG Airborne Hyperspectral Science Campaign Over India
Abstract Views :259 |
PDF Views:92
Authors
Bimal K. Bhattacharya
1,
Robert O. Green
2,
Sadasiva Rao
3,
M. Saxena
1,
Shweta Sharma
1,
K. Ajay Kumar
1,
P. Srinivasulu
3,
Shashikant Sharma
1,
D. Dhar
1,
S. Bandyopadhyay
4,
Shantanu Bhatwadekar
4,
Raj Kumar
1
Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA 91109, IN
3 National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hyderabad 500 625, IN
4 Earth Observation Science Directorate, Indian Space Research Organisation, Bengaluru 560 231, IN
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA 91109, IN
3 National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hyderabad 500 625, IN
4 Earth Observation Science Directorate, Indian Space Research Organisation, Bengaluru 560 231, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1082-1088Abstract
The first phase of an airborne science campaign has been carried out with the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) imaging spectrometer over 22,840 sq. km across 57 sites in India during 84 days from 16 December 2015 to 6 March 2016. This campaign was organized under the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) joint initiative for HYperSpectral Imaging (HYSI) programme. To support the campaign, synchronous field campaigns and ground measurements were also carried out over these sites spanning themes related to crop, soil, forest, geology, coastal, ocean, river water, snow, urban, etc. AVIRIS-NG measures the spectral range from 380 to 2510 nm at 5 nm sampling with a ground sampling distance ranging from 4 to 8 m and flight altitude of 4–8 km. On-board and ground-based calibration and processing were carried out to generate level 0 (L0) and level 1 (L1) products respectively. An atmospheric correction scheme has been developed to convert the measured radiances to surface reflectance (level 2). These spectroscopic signatures are intended to discriminate surface types and retrieve physical and compositional parameters for the study of terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric properties. The results from this campaign will support a range of objectives, including demonstration of advanced applications for societal benefits, validation of models/techniques, development of state-of-the-art spectral libraries, testing and refinement of automated tools for users, and definition of requirements for future space-based missions that can provide this class of measurements routinely for a range of important applications.Keywords
Airborne Science Campaign, Hyperspectral Sensing, Imaging Spectrometer, Surface Reflectance.References
- Bhattacharya, B. K. and Chattopadhyay, C., A multi-stage tracking for mustard rot disease combining surface meteorology and satellite remote sensing. Comput. Electron. Agric., 2013, 90, 35– 44.
- Bhattacharya, S., Majumdar, T. J., Rajawat, A. S., Panigrahy, M. K. and Das, P. R., Utilization of Hyperion data over Dongargarh, India, for mapping altered/weathered and clay minerals along with field spectral measurements. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 2012, 33(17), 5438–5450.
- Ramakrishnan, D. and Bharti, R., Hyperspectral remote sensing and geological applications. Curr. Sci., 2015, 108(5), 879–891.
- Sahoo, R. N., Ray, S. S. and Manjunath, K. R., Hyperspectral remote sensing of agriculture. Curr. Sci., 2015, 108(5), 848–859.
- Das, B. S., Sarathjith, M. C., Santra, P., Sahoo, R. N., Srivastava, R., Routray, A. and Ray, S. S., Hyperspectral remote sensing: opportunities, status and challenges for rapid soil assessment in India. Curr. Sci., 2015, 108(5), 860–868.
- Ramakrishnan, D. and Sahoo, R. N., Network Programme on Imaging Spectroscopy and Applications (NISA): science plan and implementation strategy. Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, 2016.
- Ajay Kumar, K., Thap, N. A. and Kuriakose, S. A., Advances in spaceborne hyperspectral imaging systems. Curr. Sci., 2015, 108(5), 826–832.
- Green, R. O. et al., Imaging spectroscopy and the airborne visible/ infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). Remote Sensing Environ., 1998, 65(3), 227–248.
- Green, R. O. et al., The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) imaging spectrometer for lunar science: instrument description, calibration, on-orbit measurements, science data calibration and on-orbit validation. J. Geophys. Res.: Planets, 2012, 116(E10).
- Anonymous, Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space, 2017–2027 Decadal Survey for Earth science and applications from space. The National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine (ISBN 978-0-30946757-5). The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA, 2017; doi:10.17226/24938.
- L- and S-band Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar on Chandrayaan-2 Mission
Abstract Views :271 |
PDF Views:108
Authors
Deepak Putrevu
1,
Sanjay Trivedi
1,
Anup Das
1,
Dharmendra Pandey
1,
Priyanka Mehrotra
1,
S. K. Garg
1,
Venkata Reddy
1,
Shalini Gangele
1,
Himanshu Patel
1,
Devendra Sharma
1,
R. Sijwali
1,
Nikhil Pandya
1,
Amit Shukla
1,
Gaurav Seth
1,
V. M. Ramanujam
1,
Raj Kumar
1
Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
1 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 226-233Abstract
Dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) operating in L- and S-band frequencies is one of the primary payloads of the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter. This payload with the capability of imaging in dual frequency (L-band: 24 cm wavelength and S-band: 12 cm wavelength) with full polarimetric mode aims for unambiguous detection, characterization and quantitative estimation of water-ice in permanently shadowed regions over the lunar poles. The payload will address the ambiguities in interpreting high values of circular polarization ratio associated with water-ice observed during previous missions to the Moon through imaging in dual-frequency fully polarimetric SAR mode. Various improved system features such as wide range of resolutions and incidence angles, synchronized Land S-band operations, radiometer mode, are built into the instrument to meet the required science objectives, adhering to stringent mission requirements of low mass, power and data rates. Major scientific objectives of dual-frequency polarimetric SAR payload are: unambiguous detection and quantitative estimation of lunar polar water-ice; estimation of lunar regolith dielectric constant and surface roughness; mapping of lunar geological/morphological features and polar crater floors at high-resolution, and regional- scale mapping of regolith thickness and distribution.Keywords
Circular Polarization Ratio, Dual Frequency, Lunar Polar Water-ice, Synthetic Aperture Radar.References
- Spudis, P. D. et al., MiniSAR: an imaging radar experiment for Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon. Curr. Sci., 2009, 96(4), 533– 539.
- Spudis, P. D. et al., Initial results for the North Pole of the Moon from Mini-SAR, Chandrayaan-1 mission. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2010, 37, L06204; doi:10.1029/2009GL042259.
- Mohan, S., Das, A. and Chakraborty, M., Investigation of polarimetric properties of lunar surface using Mini-SAR data. Curr. Sci., 2011, 101(2), 159–164.
- Mohan, S., Saran, S. and Das, A., Scattering mechanism-based algorithm for improved mapping of water-ice deposits in the lunar polar regions. Curr. Sci., 2013, 105(11), 1579–1587.
- Pieters, C. M. et al., Character and spatial distribution of OH/H2O on the surface of the Moon seen by M3 on Chandrayaan-1, Science, 2009, 326, 568–572.
- Spudis, P. D. et al., Evidence for water ice on the Moon: results for anomalous polar craters from the LRO Mini‐RF imaging radar, J. Geophys. Res.: Planets, 2013, 118, 2016–2029.
- Mishra, P., Kumar, S. and Singh, D., An approach for finding possible presence of water ice deposits on Lunar craters using MiniSAR data. IEEE J. Sel. Topics Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sensing, 2015, 8(1), 30–38.
- Fa, W., Wieczorek, M. A. and Heggy, E., Modeling polarimetric radar scattering from the lunar surface: study on the effect of physical properties of the regolith layer. J. Geophys. Res., 2011, 116, E03005; doi:10.1029/2010JE003649.
- Pandey, D., Saran, S., Das, A. and Chakraborty, M., A simplistic approach to model radar backscatter from lunar regolith. In 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC), Abstr. 1941, 2013.
- Pandey, D., Das, A., Saran, S. and Chakraborty, M., Scattering characteristics of lunar regolith with respect to dual-frequency SAR: preliminary simulation results. In LPSC XLIV, Abstr. 126, 2013.
- Putrevu, D., Das, A., Vachhani, J. G., Trivedi, S. and Misra, T., Chandrayaan-2 Dual-frequency SAR: further investigation into lunar water and regolith. Adv. Space Res., 2016, 57, 627–646.
- Campbell, B. A., Grant, J. A. and Maxwell, T., Radar penetration in Mars analog environments. In LPSC XXXIII, Abstr. #1616, 2002.
- Bell, W. S., Thomson, B. J., Dyar, M. D., Neish, C. D., Cahill, J. T. S. and Bussey, D. B. J., Dating small fresh lunar craters with Mini-RF radar observations of ejecta blankets. J. Geophys. Res., 2012, 117, E00h30.
- Desai J. Ami, Mohan, S. and Murty, S. V. S., Impact ejecta characterization for small-sized fresh and degraded lunar craters using radar data. Curr. Sci., 2016, 110(10), 1929–1938.
- Raney, R. K., Hybrid-polarity SAR architecture. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2007, 45, 3397–3404.
- Chan, Y. K., Chung, B. K. and Chuah, H. T., Transmitter and receiver design of an experimental airborne synthetic aperture radar sensor. Progress. Electromagn. Res., 2004, 49, 203–218.
- Vijayan, S., Mohan, S. and Murty, S. V. S., Lunar regolith thickness estimation using dual frequency microwave brightness temperature and influence of vertical variation of FeO + TiO2. Planet. Space Sci., 2015, 105, 123–132.
- Design And Development of a Low-Cost GNSS Drifter for Rip Currents
Abstract Views :261 |
PDF Views:89
Authors
Affiliations
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere, Planetary Sciences and Applications Area, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Mechanical Engineering Systems Area, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015,, IN
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere, Planetary Sciences and Applications Area, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Mechanical Engineering Systems Area, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015,, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 273-279Abstract
Lagrangian drifters are analogues of particles that are relevant to flow-field characterization and therefore they represent realistic surface currents compared to Eulerian techniques. The use of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) in such drifters with Differential Global Positioning System mode at high frequency (5–10 Hz) sampling and post-processing kinematic results in position estimates with centimeter-level accuracy. In the complex nearshore zone, deploying expensive instruments is a risk due to greater chances of loss. To avoid this, two drifters have been designed and developed using a low-cost Emlid Reach® GNSS receivers, antennae and ‘off-the-shelf’ PVC components to measure the surface currents. The dimensions of the drifters were optimally chosen to minimize the wind and wave impacts and to increase the subsurface current drag. An analysis of relative position and velocity errors from stationary observations indicates that the drifter can resolve motion accurately with minimal errors of ±1 cm and ±2 cm/s respectively. These drifters were used to measure surf zone currents at the RK Beach, Visakhapatnam during May 2018 and to successfully identify dangerous rip current zones. This study presents the design, development aspects, error analysis and testing of GNSS drifters. Although these drifters are primarily developed to measure the rip current velocities and trajectories in the nearshore zone, they can also be operated in any marine environment like rivers, lakes, estuaries, etc. without change in the design. An extensive study using a fleet of such drifters is required to understand the complex physical processes in the marine environment.Keywords
Drifter, Error Estimation, Rip Currents, Relative Position and Velocity.References
- Poje, A. C. et al., Submesoscale dispersion in the vicinity of the Deepwater Horizon spill. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2014, 111, 12693–12698.
- Stocker, R. and Imberger, J., Horizontal transport and dispersion in the surface layer of a medium-sized lake. Limnol. Oceanogr., 2003, 48, 971–982.
- Schroeder, K. et al., Targeted Lagrangian sampling of submesoscale dispersion at a coastal frontal zone. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2012, 39.
- MacMahan, J., Brown, J. and Thornton, E., Low-cost handheld global positioning system for measuring surf-zone currents. J. Coast. Res., 2009, 744–754.
- Schmidt, W. E., Woodward, B. T., Millikan, K. S., Guza, R. T., Raubenheimer, B. and Elgar, S., A GPS-tracked surf zone drifter. J. Atmos. Ocean. Techolnol., 2003, 20, 1069–1075.
- Spydell, M., Feddersen, F., Guza, R. T. and Schmidt, W. E., Observing surf-zone dispersion with drifters. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 2007, 37, 2920–2939.
- Boehm, A. B. et al., Decadal and shorter period variability of surf zone water quality at Huntington Beach, California. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2002, 36, 3885–3892.
- Nasello, C. and Armenio, V., A new small drifter for shallow water basins: application to the study of surface currents in the Muggia Bay (Italy). J. Sensors, 2016; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/65896362016.
- Earle, M. D., Riverine drifter. Technical Report, Planning Systems Inc Slidell LA, 2007.
- Suara, K., Wang, C., Feng, Y., Brown, R. J., Chanson, H. and Borgas, M., High-resolution GNSS-tracked drifter for tudying surface dispersion in shallow water. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 2015, 32, 579–590.
- Murray, S. P., Trajectories and speeds of wind-driven currents wear the coast. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 1975, 5, 347–360.
- Johnson, D., Stocker, R., Head, R., Imberger, J. and Pattiaratchi, C., A compact, low-cost GPS drifter for use in the oceanic nearshore zone, lakes, and estuaries. J. Atmos. Oceanogr. Technol., 2003, 20, 1880–1884.
- Johnson, D. and Pattiaratchi, C., Transient rip currents and nearshore circulation on a swell-dominated beach. J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans, 2004, 109.
- Arun Kumar, S. V. V. and Prasad, K. V. S. R., Rip current-related fatalities in India: a new predictive risk scale for forecasting rip currents. Nat. Hazards, 2014, 70, 313–335.
- Development of Windspeed Retrieval Model using RISAT-1 SAR Cross-Polarized Observations
Abstract Views :174 |
PDF Views:92
Authors
Affiliations
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere, Planetary Sciences and Applications Area, Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere, Planetary Sciences and Applications Area, Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 8 (2020), Pagination: 1282-1286Abstract
In this study, a method for retrieving ocean surface wind speed using C-band cross-polarization SAR observations has been outlined. A linear least square technique has been used to develop a Geophysical Model Function (GMF), C2P. The GMF was derived using NRCS observations from RISAT-1 and wind-speed observations from ASCAT. The correlation between observed and simulated NRCS values obtained from C2P was 0.66, with a negative bias of 0.01 dB and the corresponding ischolar_main mean square difference of 1.13 dB. Subsequently, the developed GMF was tested with 774 RISAT-1 MRS datasets to retrieve wind speed along the Indian coast and also of the tropical cyclone ‘Megh’. The measured intensity and radius of maximum wind speed were 30 m s–1 and 16.65 km respectively. Subsequently, the retrieved wind speed was validated with ASCAT wind-speed observations. The statistical comparison of RISAT-1 and ASCAT observed wind speed showed negative biases of 0.90 and 0.34 m s–1 with the corresponding RMSD of 2.11 and 1.77 m s–1 respectively, for CMOD5.N and C2P. The developed GMF C2P showed 16% more accuracy than that of CMOD5.N.Keywords
Cross-polarization, Geophysical Model Function, Ocean Surface, Wind Speed Retrieval.References
- Zhang, B., Perrie, W. and He, Y., Wind speed retrieval from RADARSAT-2 quad-polarization images using a new polarization ratio model. J. Geophys. Res., 2011, 116, C08008, doi:10.1029/2010JC006522.
- Zhang, B. and Perrie, W., Cross-polarized synthetic aperture radar: a new potential technique for hurricanes. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 2012, 93, 531–541; doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00001.1.
- Horstmann, J., Thompson, D. R., Monaldo, F., Iris, S. and Graber, H. C., Can synthetic aperture radars be used to estimate hurricane force winds? Geophys. Res. Lett., 2005, 32(2), L22801-1– L22801-5.
- Shen, H., Perrie, W. and He, Y., A new hurricane wind retrieval algorithm for SAR images. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2006, 33(21), L21812-1–L21812-5.
- Vachon, P. W. and Wolfe, J., C-band cross-polarization wind speed retrieval. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett., 2011, 8(3), 456–459.
- Hwang, P. A., Zhang, B. and Perrie, W., Depolarized radar return for breaking wave measurement and hurricane wind retrieval. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2010, 37(1), L01604-1–L01604-4.
- Monaldo, F. M., Jackson, C. and Li, X., On the use of Sentinel-1 cross-polarization imagery for wind speed retrieval. Int. Geosci. Remote Sensing Symp., 2017, 392–395.
- Shao, W. et al., Development of wind speed retrieval from cross-polarization Chinese Gaofen-3 synthetic aperture radar in typhoons. Sensors, 2018, 18, 412.
- Gao, Y. et al.,A wind speed retrieval model for Sentinel-1A EW mode cross-polarization images. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11, 153; doi:10.3390/rs11020153.
- Mouche, A. et al., Copolarized and cross-polarized SAR measurements for high-resolution description of major hurricane wind structures: application to Irma category 5 hurricane. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 2019, 124, 3905–3922; https://doi.org/10.1029/2019 JC015056.
- Jagdish et al., An interesting case of persistent rain cells observed by RISAT-1 SAR over the Indian Ocean during a pair of depres-sion–cyclone interactions (August, 2012). Remote Sensing Lett., 2019, 10(6), 545–552; doi:10.1080/2150704X.2019.1579377.
- Jagdish et al., Atmospheric fronts using RISAT-1 SAR data: case studies for shear lines. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sensing, 2018, 11(12), 4711–4717; doi:10.1109/ JSTARS.2018.2878753.
- Zhang, B. et al., Tropical cyclone vector winds from C-band dual-polarization synthetic aperture radar. Int. Geosci. Remote Sensing Symp., 2014, 3522–3525.
- Jiang, Z. et al., A damped Newton variational inversion method for SAR wind retrieval. J. Geophys. Res., 2016, 122(2), 823–845.
- Jagdish, Kumar, S. V. V. A., Chakraborty, A. and Kumar, R., Validation of wind speed retrieval from RISAT-1 SAR images of the North Indian Ocean. Remote Sensing Lett., 2018, 9(5), 421– 428; doi:10.1080/2150704X.2018.1430392.
- Retrieval of High-Resolution Nearshore Bathymetry from Sentinel-2 Twin Multispectral Imagers using a Multi-Scene Approach
Abstract Views :222 |
PDF Views:82
Authors
Surisetty V. V. Arun Kumar
1,
Ch. Venkateswarlu
2,
B. Sivaiah
2,
K. V. S. R. Prasad
2,
Rashmi Sharma
1,
Raj Kumar
1
Affiliations
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere, Planetary Sciences and Applications Area, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 004, IN
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere, Planetary Sciences and Applications Area, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 004, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 11 (2020), Pagination: 1824-1830Abstract
Determining nearshore bathymetry by traditional surveying methods is a challenging task as it involves huge costs and efforts. Most of the coastal shallowwater zones worldwide either remain unmapped or not updated. Bathymetry estimations from optical satellite imageries have been increasingly implemented as an alternative tool for traditional bathymetry surveys. In this study, we examine the usefulness of freely available, five-day revisit and relatively highresolution Multi Spectral Instruments (MSI) on-board Sentinel-2A and 2B twin satellites. A process workflow has been developed which automatically incorporates a robust atmospheric correction through ACOLITE software and multi-scene compositing of several scenes to improve the reliability and no data gaps. Two study sites in India are explored owing to their variability in submarine morphology. High-resolution bathymetry maps are generated through a log-ratio transform model calibrated with minimal in situ data from the jet ski soundings. The satellite-derived bathymetry obtained has an overall bias of –0.01 and 0.02 m, and ischolar_main mean square error of 1.09 and 0.93 m respectively, at two study sites up to 15 m depth. The consistency in bathymetry retrieval indicates a potential for automated application for the benefit of operational and scientific studies. These high-resolution maps capture small-scale nearshore features like sandbars and rip channels, which are of prime importance for coastal and beach managers.Keywords
Optical Remote Sensing, Multispectral Imagers, Nearshore Bathymetry Maps, Rip Channel, Twin Satellites.- Identification of Submarine Groundwater Discharge using Thermal Infrared Observations in the Arabian Ocean Near Okha Coast, Gujarat, India
Abstract Views :168 |
PDF Views:101
Authors
R. P. Singh
1,
Shard Chander
1,
Ratheesh Ramakrishnan
1,
Ashwin Gujrati
1,
Rohit Pradhan
1,
Chirag Wadhwa
1,
A. S. Rajawat
1,
Raj Kumar
1
Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 9 (2020), Pagination: 1558-1564Abstract
In this study we identify a region of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) near Okha coast, Gujarat, India using thermal infrared remote sensing technique. Observations of brightness temperature (BT) in the thermal infrared spectral region (10.6–11.19 μm) from Landsat-8 satellite in the coastal region showed unique localized cooling in the Arabian Sea during winter. We observed lowering of BT in the range 0.6°– 2.3°C in the coastal region associated with SGD in comparison to sea surface temperature of the ocean during low-tide conditions. Consistent geographical pattern of thermal contrast was observed near the same location (lat. 22°26′54.43″N, long. 69°00′41.67″E) when multi date (11 datasets) thermal data were analysed between 2015 and 2019 in winter. Generally, low-tide conditions show more cooling of ocean surface at the SGD site compared to high-tide conditions, which indicates the process of SGD. Satellite-based assessment was further validated using field- and ship-based measurements.- INSAT-3DR-Rapid Scan Operations for Weather Monitoring Over India
Abstract Views :279 |
PDF Views:104
Authors
M. Mohapatra
1,
A. K. Mitra
1,
Virendra Singh
1,
S. K. Mukherjee
1,
Kavita Navria
2,
Vikram Prashar
1,
Ashish Tyagi
1,
Atul Kumar Verma
1,
Sunitha Devi
1,
V. S. Prasad
3,
Mudumba Ramesh
4,
Raj Kumar
5
Affiliations
1 National Meteorological Satellite Centre, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi 110 003, IN
2 National Meteorological Satellite Centre, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi 110 003ii
3 National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Noida 201 309, IN
4 Master Control Facility, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hassan 573 201, IN
5 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
1 National Meteorological Satellite Centre, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi 110 003, IN
2 National Meteorological Satellite Centre, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi 110 003ii
3 National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Noida 201 309, IN
4 Master Control Facility, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hassan 573 201, IN
5 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 6 (2021), Pagination: 1026-1034Abstract
In order to observe severe weather conditions during cyclones, thunderstorms, etc., IMAGER instruments on-board INSAT3D/3DR have been built with a flexible scanning feature known as ‘rapid scan mode’. Using this feature, the number of scan lines over a given coverage region and the number of repetitions of the selected region can be programmed for scanning. Therefore, to understand the physical processes involved in convective clouds associated with severe weather phenomena, rapid scan of INSAT3DR mode is attempted. It has very high temporal resolution of approximately 4 min and 30 sec. The present study will help in better understanding of the physical processes of severe weather phenomena and in nowcasting. It will also help to improve the accuracy in the NWP model forecast through assimilation of radiances and atmospheric motion wind determined using rapid scan mode.Keywords
Nowcasting, Physical Processes, Rapid Scan Operations, Severe Weather Conditions, Weather Monitoring.References
- IMD, A technical report ‘INSAT-3D Data Products Catalog’, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, January 2014.
- EUMETSAT, Meteosat-9 takes over rapid scanning service, 9 April 2013; http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/News/Press_ Releases/831419?l=en
- Schmit, T. J. et al., Geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES)-14 super rapid scan operations to prepare for GOES-R. J. Appl. Remote Sensing, 2013, 7(1), 073462.
- Bessho, K. et al., An introduction to Himawari‐8/9 – Japan’s new‐generation geostationary meteorological satellites. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 2016, 94(2), 151–183; https://doi.org/10.2151/ jmsj.2016‐009.
- Sawada, Y., Okamoto, K., Kunii, M. and Miyoshi, T., Assimilating every-10-minute Himawari‐8 infrared radiances to improve convective predictability. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 2019, 124, 2546–2561; https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029643.
- Dvorak, V., Tropical cyclone intensity analysis and forecasting from satellite imagery. Mon. Weather Rev., 1975, 103(5), 420– 430.
- Dvorak, V., Tropical cyclone intensity analysis using satellite data. NOAA Tech. Rep. 1984, 11, 45; NOAA/NESDIS, Washington, DC, USA, 1984, p. 45.
- Ribeiro, B. Z., Machado, L. A. T., Huamán, Ch. J. H., Biscaro, T. S., Freitas, E. D., Goodman, S. J. and Mozer, K. W., An evaluation of the GOES-16 rapid scan for nowcasting in Southeastern Brazil: analysis of a severe hailstorm case. Weather Forecast., 2019, 34(6).
- Gairola, R. M, Mishra, A., Prakash, S. and Mahesh, C., Development of INSAT multi-spectral rainfall algorithm (IMSRA) for monitoring rainfall events over India using Kalpana-IR and TRMM-precipitation radar observations. Scientific Report, SAC/EPSA/AOSG/INSAT/SR-39/2010, 2010, p. 22.
- Karagiannidis, A., Lagouvardos, K., Kotroni, V. and Mazarakis, N., Investigation of isolated thunderstorms lightning activity over eastern Mediterranean using Meteosat rapid scan infrared imagery. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 2016, 37(20), 5001–5020; doi:10.1080/ 01431161.2016.12260000.
- RSMC, Report on cyclonic disturbances over North Indian Ocean during 2018. No. ESSO/IMD/CWD Report No-01 (2019)/09. India Meteorological Department, New Delhi and World Meteorological Organization, 2019.
- Goodman, S. J., Blakeslee, R. J., Koshak, W. J., Mach, D., Bailey, J. and Buechler, D. L., The GOES-R geostationary lightning Mapper (GLM). Atmos. Res., 2013, 125–126, 34–49.
- Velden, C. et al., Recent innovations in deriving tropospheric winds from meteorological satellites. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 2005, 86, 205–223.
- Gallucci, D. et al., Convective initiation proxies for nowcasting precipitation severity using the MSG-SEVIRI rapid scan. Remote Sensing, 2020, 12, 2562.
- Langland, R. H., Velden, C., Pauley, P. M. and Berger, H., Impact of satellite-derived rapid-scan wind observations on numerical model forecasts of Hurricane Katrina. Mon. Weather Rev., 2009, 137, 1615–1622; https://doi.org/10.1175/2008MWR2627.1.
- Li, J., Li, J., Velden, C., Wang, P., Schmit, T. J. and Sippel, J., Impact of rapid‐scan‐based dynamical information from GOES‐16 on HWRF hurricane forecasts. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 2020, 125, e2019JD031647; https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031647.
- Ecosystem Services From Ravine Agro-Ecosystem and its Management
Abstract Views :183 |
PDF Views:84
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Vasad 388 306, IN
2 ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun 148 195, IN
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Vasad 388 306, IN
2 ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun 148 195, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 10 (2021), Pagination: 1352-1357Abstract
Ravine agro-ecosystems are characterized by degraded gullied lands formed over the years due to several natural and anthropogenic factors, surrounded by the adjacent table lands cultivated for the production of food and fibre for humans and livestock. These potential lands not only support the livelihood of marginal and smallholder farmers, but are host to various plants and grass vegetation providing a cushion to the local environment. A two-way relationship exists between the human settlements and ecosystem services in these agro-ecosystems. While the ravines support plants, grasses and human settlements in these agro-ecosystems, the same biophysical pressures over time degrade the ecosystem leading to ecosystem services loss, if not managed sustainably. The present pilot study conducted in the Mahi ravines, Gujarat, India, has examined these issues from the local socio-ecology perspectives and suggests management options for participatory management.Keywords
Ecosystem Services, Gullied Land, Livelihood, Participatory Management, Ravines.References
- Tilman, D., Cassman, K. G., Matson, P. A., Naylor, R. and Polasky, S., Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 2002, 418, 671–677.
- Swinton, S. M., Lupi, F., Robertson, G. P. and Hamilton, S. K., Ecosystem services and agriculture: cultivating agricultural ecosystems for diverse benefits. Ecol. Econ., 2007, 64, 245–252.
- Dale, V. H. and Polasky, S., Measures of the effects of agricultural practices on ecosystem services. Ecol. Econ., 2007, 64, 286–296.
- Power, A. G., Ecosystem services and agriculture: tradeoffs and synergies. Philos. Trans. R. Soc., London Ser., 2010, 365, 2959– 2971.
- Smith, H. F. and Sullivan, C. A., Ecosystem services within agricultural landscapes – farmers’ perceptions. Ecol. Econ., 2014, 98, 72–80.
- Gordon, L. J., Finlayson, C. M. and Falkenmark, M., Managing water in agriculture for food production and other ecosystem services. Agric. Water Manage., 2010, 97, 512–519.
- Rodriguez, J. P. et al., Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services. Ecol. Soc., 2006, 11(1), 28.
- Curtis, A. and De Lacy, T., Landcare, stewardship and sustainable agriculture in Australia. Environ. Values, 1998, 7, 59–78.
- Hanslip, M., Kancans, R. and Maguire, B., Understanding natural resource management from a landholder’s perspective: results of the border rivers–Gwydir survey 2007–08. Australian Government Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra, Australia, 2008.
- Webb, E. L., Mailiao, R. and Siar, S. V., Using local user perceptions to evaluate outcomes of protected area management in the Sagay Marine Reserve, Philippines. Environ. Conserv., 2004, 31, 138–148.
- Christie, P., Observed and perceived environmental impacts of marine protected areas in two Southeast Asia sites. Ocean Coast. Manage., 2005, 48, 252–270.
- McClanahan, T., Davies, J. and Maina, J., Factors influencing resource users and managers’ perceptions towards marine protected area management in Kenya. Environ. Conserv., 2005, 32, 42–49.
- Xu, J., Chen, L., Lu, Y. and Fu, B., Local people’s perceptions as decision support for protected area management in Wolong Biosphere Reserve, China. J. Environ. Manage., 2006, 78, 362– 372.
- Dalton, T., Forrester, G. and Pollnac, R., Participation, process quality, and performance of marine protected areas in the wider Caribbean. Environ. Manage., 2012, 49, 1224–1237.
- Leleu, K., Alban, F., Pelletier, D., Charbonnel, E., Letourneur, Y. and Boudouresque, C. F., Fishers’ perceptions as indicators of the performance of marine protected areas (MPAs). Mar. Policy, 2012, 36, 414–422.
- Eagles, P. F. J., Romagosa, F., Buteau-Duitschaever, W. C., Havitz, M., Glover, T. D. and McCutcheon, B., Good governance in protected areas: an evaluation of stakeholders’ perceptions in British Columbia and Ontario Provincial Parks. J. Sustain. Tourism, 2013, 21, 60–79.
- Bennett, N. J. and Dearden, P., Why local people do not support conservation: community perceptions of marine protected area livelihood impacts, governance and management in Thailand. Mar. Policy, 2014, 44, 107–116.
- Turner, R. A., Fitzsimmons, C., Forster, J., Mahon, R., Peterson, A. and Stead, S. M., Measuring good governance for complex ecosystems: perceptions of coral reef-dependent communities in the Caribbean. Global Environ. Change, 2014, 29, 105–117.
- McClanahan, T. R. and Abunge, C. A., Perceptions of fishing access restrictions and the disparity of benefits among stakeholder communities and nations of south-eastern Africa. Fish Fish., 2015, doi:10.1111/faf.12118.
- Bennett, J. M., Using perceptions as evidence to improve conservation and environmental management. Conserv. Biol., 2016, 30(3), 582–592.
- Sharma, H. S., Ravine Erosion in India, Concept, New Delhi, 1980.
- Pant, R. K. and Chamyal, L. S., Quaternary sedimentation pattern and terrain evolution in the Mahi river basin, Gujarat. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., 1990, 6, 501–511.
- Ahmad, E., Distribution and causes of gully erosion in India. In 21st International Geophysical Union Congress, New Delhi, Selected paper, 1968, vol. I, pp. 1–3.
- CSWCRTI, Annual Report, ICAR-Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Dehradun, 2010–11, p. 8.
- West, P. W., Tree and Forest Management, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009, 2nd edn, p. 191.
- Usuga, J. C. L., Toro, J. A. R., Alzate, M. V. R., Tapias, A. and de Jesus, L., Estimation of biomass and carbon stocks in plants, soil and forest floor in different tropical forests. For. Ecol. Manage., 2010, 260, 1906–1913.
- Semwal, R., Tewari, A., Negi, G. C. S., Thadani, R. and Phartiyal, P., Valuation of ecosystem services and forest governance – a scoping study from Uttarakhand. LEAD India, New Delhi, 2007, p. 112.
- Saxena, R. and Agrawal, R., Natural resource accounting by Tree Growers’ Co-operatives: framework and case study. Vikalpa, 1999, 24(3), 29–40.
- Rode, J., Wittmer, H., Emerton, L. and Schröter-Schlaack, C., Ecosystem service opportunities: A practice-oriented framework for identifying economic instruments to enhance biodiversity and human livelihoods. J. Nat. Conserv., 2016, 33, 35–47.
- Pant, M. M., Forest Economics and Valuation, Medhavi Publishers, Dehradun, 1984, p. 612.
- Poffenberger, M., India’s forest keepers. Wastelands News, 1995, 11, 65–80.
- Raj, S. P., Assessment of value additions in afforestation works. Indian For., 1998, 124, 679–686.