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Sahoo, Raghunath
- Possible Early Universe Signals in Proton Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
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PDF Views:72
Authors
Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, IN
2 CERN, CH 1211, Geneva 23, CH
1 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, IN
2 CERN, CH 1211, Geneva 23, CH
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 11 (2021), Pagination: 1403-1408Abstract
Our universe was born about 13.8 billion years ago from an extremely hot and dense singular point, in a process known as the Big Bang. The hot and dense matter which dominated the system within a few microseconds of its birth was in the form of a soup of elementary quarks and gluons, known as the quark–gluon plasma (QGP). Signatures compatible with the formation of QGP matter have experimentally been observed in heavy-ion (such as Au or Pb) collisions at ultra-relativistic energies. Recently, experimental data of proton–proton (pp) collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have also shown signals resembling those of QGP formation, which made these studies stimulating as to how the collision of small systems features in producing the early universe signals. In this article, we discuss some of the compelling experimental results and give an account of the present understanding. We review the pp physics programme at the LHC and discuss future prospects in the context of exploring the nature of primordial matter in the early universe.Keywords
Big Bang, Early Universe, Quark–gluon Plasma, Proton Collisions, Primordial Matter.Full Text
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- Charming charm, beautiful bottom and quark–gluon plasma in the Large Hadron Collider era
Abstract Views :191 |
PDF Views:76
Authors
Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Technology Goa 403 401, IN
2 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India; and CERN, CH 1211, Geneva 23, CH
1 Indian Institute of Technology Goa 403 401, IN
2 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India; and CERN, CH 1211, Geneva 23, CH
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 9 (2021), Pagination: 1156-1161Abstract
After a few microseconds of the creation of our Universe through the Big Bang, the primordial matter was believed to be a soup of the fundamental constituents of matter – quarks and gluons. This is expected to be created in the laboratory by colliding heavy nuclei at ultra-relativistic speeds. A plasma of quarks and gluons, called quark–gluon plasma (QGP) can be created at the energy and luminosity frontiers in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, at Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, USA, and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Heavy quarks, namely the charm and bottom quarks, are considered as novel probes to characterize QGP, and hence the produced quantum chromodynamics matter. Heavy quark transport coefficients play a significant role in understanding the properties of QGP. Experimental measurements of nuclear suppression factor and elliptic flow can constrain the heavy quark transport coefficients, which are key ingredients for phenomenological studies, and they help to disentangle different energy loss mechanisms. We give a general perspective of the heavy quark drag and diffusion coefficients in QGP and discuss their potentials as probes to disentangle different hadronization mechanisms, as well as to probe the initial electromagnetic fields produced in non-central heavy-ion collisions. Experimental perspectives on future measurements are discussed with special emphasis on heavy flavours as the next-generation probes in view of new technological developmentsKeywords
Big Bang, heavy-ion collisions, heavy flavours, quark–gluon plasma.Full Text
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