Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Kumar, Praveen
- Controlled Material Transport and Multidimensional Patterning at Small Length Scales Using Electromigration
Abstract Views :269 |
PDF Views:91
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
1 Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 108, No 12 (2015), Pagination: 2167-2172Abstract
Electromigration, mostly known for its damaging effects in microelectronic devices, is basically a material transport phenomenon driven by the electric field and kinetically controlled by diffusion. In this work, we show how controlled electromigration can be used to create scientifically interesting and technologically useful micro-/nano-scale patterns, which are otherwise extremely difficult to fabricate using conventional cleanroom practices, and present a few examples of such patterns. In a solid thin-film structure, electromigration is used to generate pores at preset locations for enhancing the sensitivity of a MEMS sensor. In addition to electromigration in solids, the flow instability associated with the electromigration-induced long-range flow of liquid metals is shown to form numerous structures with high surface area to volume ratio. In very thin solid films on nonconductive substrates, solidification of flow-affected region results in the formation of several features, such as nano-/micro-sized discrete metallic beads, 3D structures consisting of nanostepped stairs, etc.Keywords
Electromigration, Fabrication and Pattern Formation, Material Transport, 3D Micro-/Nano-Structures.- Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry Systems in the Indian Arid Zone
Abstract Views :305 |
PDF Views:85
Authors
S. P. S. Tanwar
1,
Praveen Kumar
1,
Archana Verma
1,
R. K. Bhatt
1,
Akath Singh
1,
Kanhaiya Lal
1,
M. Patidar
1,
B. K. Mathur
1
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342 003, IN
1 ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342 003, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 2014-2022Abstract
Carbon sequestration potential of eight recommended land-use systems of arid western Rajasthan was compared. Biomass C stock was maximum in farm forestry of Acacia tortilis (31.4 Mg C ha–1) followed by Prosopis cineraria and Hardwickia binata based silvoarable systems (8.8 and 10.6 Mg C ha–1). Soil C stock was also maximum in farm forestry (47.6 Mg C ha–1) followed by Ziziphus based systems (32.5–33.9 Mg C ha–1). About 50–78% of additional soil C stock was in the form of soil inorganic carbon. The total C sequestered (biomass + soil) over a period of nineteen years was in the order: farm forestry (49.80) > silvoarable systems (11.0–13.3) > hortipasture system (8.3) > agri-horti (5.5), silvopasture (5.4) and sole pasture (5.3) compared to –1.0 Mg C ha–1 in sole cropping.Keywords
Agroforestry, Arid Zone, Carbon Sequestration, Climate Change Mitigation.References
- Lal, R. and Bruce, J. P., The potential of world cropland soil to sequester carbon and mitigate greenhouse effect. Environ. Sci. Policy, 1999, 2, 177–185.
- Lal, R., Hassan, H. M. and Dumanski, J. M., Desertification control to sequester C and mitigate the greenhouse effect. In Carbon Sequestration in Soils: Science, Monitoring and Beyond (eds Rosenberg, R. J. et al.), Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 1999, pp. 83–107.
- Lal, R., Carbon sequestration in dryland ecosystems. Environ. Manage., 2004, 33(4), 528–544.
- Lal, R., Carbon sequestration in soils of Central Asia. Land Degrad. Dev., 2004, 15, 563–572.
- Chavan, S. B, Keerthika, A., Dhyani, S. K., Handa, A. K., Ram Newaj and Rajarajan K., National Agroforestry Policy in India: a low hanging fruit. Curr. Sci., 2015, 108(10), 1826–1834.
- Dhyani, S. K., Asha Ram and Inder Dev, Potential of agroforestry in carbon sequestration in India. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 2016, 86(9), 1103–1112.
- Sathaye, J. A. and Ravindranath, N. H., Climate change mitigation in the energy and the forestry sectors of developing countries. Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ., 1998, 23, 387–437.
- Lal, R., Potential of desertification control to sequester carbon and mitigate the greenhouse effect. Climate Change, 2001, 51, 335– 372.
- Lal, R., Carbon sequestration in dryland ecosystems of West Asia and North Africa. Land Degrad. Dev., 2002, 13, 45–59.
- Singh, S. K., Mahesh Kumar, Sharma, B. K. and Tarafdar, J. C., Depletion of organic carbon, phosphorus and potassium stock under a pearl millet based cropping system in the arid region of India. Arid Land Res. Manage., 2007, 21, 119–131.
- Tewari, J. C., Ram, M. and Roy, M. M., Livelihood improvements and climate change adaptations through agroforestry in hot arid environments. In Agroforestry Systems in India: Livelihood & Ecosystem Services (eds Dagar et al.), Advances in Agroforest., Springer, India, 2014; doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1662-9_6.
- Tanwar, S. P. S., Akath Singh, Bhati, T. K., Patidar, M., Mathur, B. K., Praveen Kumar and Yadav, O. P., Rainfed integrated farming system for arid zone of India: resilience unmatched. Indian J. Agron., 2018, 63(4), 403–414.
- Rathore, V. S., Tanwar, S. P. S., Praveen Kumar and Yadav, O. P., Integrated farming system: key to sustainability in arid and semiarid regions. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 2019, 89(2), 181–192.
- Tanwar, S. P. S., Akath Singh, Praveen Kumar, Mathur, B. K. and Patidar, M., Rainfed integrated farming systems for arid zone agriculture: diversification for resilience. Indian Fmg., 2018, 68(09), 29–32.
- Yadav, B. S., Yadav, B. L. and Chhipa, B. R., Litter dynamics and soil properties under different tree species in a semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India. Agrofor. Syst., 2008, 73, 1–12.
- Awasthi, O. P. and Singh, I. S., Effect of ber and pomegranate plantation on soil nutrient status of typic torripsamments. Indian J. Hortic., 2010, 67, 138–142.
- Singh, I. S., Awasthi, O. P., Singh, R. S., More, T. A. and Meena, S. R., Changes in soil properties under tree species. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 2012, 82(2), 146–151.
- Mangalassery, S., Devi Dayal, Meena, S. L. and Bhagirath Ram, Carbon sequestration in agroforestry and pasture systems in arid northwestern India. Curr. Sci., 2014, 107(8), 1290–1293.
- Gupta, D. K., Bhatt, R. K., Keerthika, A., Noor Mohammed, M. B., Shukla, A. K. and Jangid, B. L., Carbon sequestration potential of Hardwickia binata Roxb. Based agroforestry in hot semi-arid environment of India: an assessment of tree density impact. Curr. Sci., 2019, 116(1), 112–116.
- Sahrawat, K. L., Importance of inorganic carbon in sequestering carbon in soils of dry region. Curr. Sci., 2003, 84, 864–865.
- Mielnick, P., Dugas, W.A., Mitchell, K. and Havstad, K., Long-term measurements of CO2 flux and evapotranspiration in a Chihuahuan desert grassland. J. Arid Environ., 2005, 60, 423– 436.
- Mi, N., Wang, S. Q., Liu, J. Y., Yu, G. R., Zhang, W. J. and Jobbágy, E., Soil inorganic carbon storage pattern in China. Global. Change Biol., 2008, 14, 2380–2387.
- Jain, R. C., Tripathi, S. P., Kumar, V. S. K. and Kumar, S., Volume tables for Acacia tortilis plantations based on data collected from KJD Abadi plantation of Khajuwala range, IGNP area, Rajasthan. Indian For., 1996, 122, 316–322.
- Chave, J. et al., Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance. Oecologia, 2005, 145, 87–99.
- Illic, J., Boland, D., McDonald, M., Downes, G. and Blackmore, P., Wood density. Phase 1 – state of knowledge. National carbon accounting system technical report no. 18, Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
- Andrade, H. J., Brook, R. and Ibrahim, M., Growth, production and carbon sequestration of silvopastoral systems with native timber species in the dry lowlands of Costa Rica. Plant Soil, 2008, 308, 11–22.
- Walkley, A. and Black, I. A., An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci., 1934, 37, 29–37.
- Muthana, K. D. and Arora, G. D., Acacia tortilis (Forsk) – a promising fast growing tree for Indian arid zone. Central Arid Zone Research Institute Tech. Bull. No. 5, 1979, 1–20.
- Patel, K. N., Shakhela, R. R. and Jat, J. R., Growth, biomass production and CO2 sequestration of some important multipurpose trees under rainfed condition. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 2017, 6(10), 1943–1950.
- Jobbagy, E. G. and Jackson, R. B., The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon in relation to climate and vegetation. Ecol. Appl., 2000, 10, 423–436.
- Soni, M. L., Yadava, N. D. and Bhardwaj, S., Dynamics of leaf litter decomposition of four tree species of arid western Rajasthan under varying soil moisture regimes. Int. J. Trop. Agric., 2016, 34(4), 955–960.
- Bear, M. H., Cabrera, M. L., Hendrix, P. F. and Coleman, D. C., Aggregate-protected and unprotected organic matter pools in conventional and no-tillage soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 1994, 58, 787– 795.
- Roscoe, R. and Burman, P., Tillage effects on soil organic matter in the density fractions of a Cerrado Oxisol. Soil Tillage Res., 2003, 70, 107–119.
- Kladivko, E. J., Tillage systems and soil ecology. Soil Tillage Res., 2001, 61, 61–76.
- Soni, M. L., Beniwal, R. K., Talvar, H., Yadava, N. D., Sing, J. P. and Sunil Kumar, Root distribution pattern of sewan (Lasiurus sindicus) and buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) of arid ecosystem of western Rajasthan in relation to their soil binding capacity. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 2006, 76(12), 716–720.
- Tan, W. F. et al., Soil inorganic carbon stock under different soil types and land uses on the Loess Plateau region of China. Catena, 2014, 121, 22–30.
- Schlesinger, W. H., Carbon storage in the Caliche of arid soils: a case study from Arizona. Soil Sci., 1982, 133, 247–255.
- Wang, X. J., Wang, J. P., Minggang, Xu, Zhang, W., Fan, T. and Zhang, J., Carbon accumulation in arid croplands of northwest China: pedogenic carbonate exceeding organic carbon. Sci. Rep., 2015, 5, 11439.
- Li, Z. P. et al., Assessment of soil organic and carbonate carbon storage in China. Geoderma, 2007, 138, 119–126.
- Lal, R., Residue management, conservation tillage and soil restoration for mitigating greenhouse effect by CO2-enrichment. Soil Tillage Res., 1997, 43, 81–107.
- Wang J. P., Wang, X. J., Zhang, J. and Zhao, C. Y., Soil organic and inorganic carbon and stable carbon isotopes in the Yanqi basin of northwestern China. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 2015, 66, 95–103.
- Nair, P. K. R., Nair, V. D., Kumar, B. M. and Showalter, J. M., Carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems. Adv. Agron., 2010, 108, 237–307.
- Subsurface Site Characterization of Donga Fan, Northwest Himalaya using Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves and Response Analysis
Abstract Views :303 |
PDF Views:106
Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33, GMS Road, Dehradun 176 215, IN
2 Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala 176 215, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33, GMS Road, Dehradun 176 215, IN
2 Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala 176 215, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 12 (2020), Pagination: 1948-1960Abstract
The characterization of sediments in a tectonically complex region is important from the seismological point of view to study possible earthquake effects due to the presence of soft sediments. Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method was used to acquire seismic data from 87 sites for estimating shear wave velocity (Vs) of near-surface materials beneath the Donga Fan. The majority of the Donga Fan is underlain either by alluvial fan or river terrace deposit. About 80% of the Donga Fan has an average shear wave velocity ranging from 180 to 360 m/s, whereas 20% of the area has high stiffness values (Vs ú 360 m/s). The estimated Vs values are higher in the northern part of the study area due to thin sediment (150 m) above bedrock. The response analysis suggests that peak spectral acceleration varies from 0.49 g at 1.61 Hz to 1.69 g at 3.22 Hz with variation in amplification ratio from 4 to 11 times. The spectral acceleration computed for two-storey buildings also varies from 0.10 to 0.40 g (at 5% damping), whereas in the case of singlestorey buildings it varies from 0.12 to 0.22 g (at 5% damping). The predominant frequency estimated using ambient noise measurements varies from 0.84 to 5 Hz, indicating variation in the thickness of sediments and is in good agreement with the Vs values estimated using the MASW technique.Keywords
Bedrock Response Analysis, Multichannel Analysis Of Surface Waves, Site Response, Shear Wave Velocity.- Forest Biomass Estimation using Multi-Polarization SAR Data Coupled with Optical Data
Abstract Views :254 |
PDF Views:76
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Remote Sensing, BIT Mesra, Ranchi 835 215, IN
1 Department of Remote Sensing, BIT Mesra, Ranchi 835 215, IN