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Venkatesh, P.

How do the Stakeholders Perceive Plant Variety Protection in Indian Seed Sector?

Abstract Views :234 | PDF Views:81

Authors

P. Venkatesh ¹, I. Sekar ¹, G. K. Jha ¹, Premlata Singh ², V. Sangeetha ², Suresh Pal ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Extension, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 110, No 12 (2016), Pagination: 2239-2244

Abstract

Creativity and innovation are important factors for sustainable agricultural growth. Intellectual property rights (IPR) is the key driver of innovation. However, many argue against this view, as it would benefit only a certain section in a country. The present study analyses the perception of stakeholders on Indian IPR system for plant varieties. A perception survey was conducted among various stakeholders of the seed industry across the country during 2011-12. Contrary to the view that IPR plays no role in innovation, this study finds a positive perception of majority of stakeholders on plant variety protection (PVP), while highlighting the hits and misses of Indian PVP.

Keywords

Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, Perception, Plant Varieties, Stakeholder.

Full Text

Spectral Modelling of Estuarine Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter

Abstract Views :265 | PDF Views:75

Authors

Nittala S. Sarma ¹, Sudarsana Rao Pandi ¹, N. V. H. K. Chari ¹, Gundala Chiranjeevulu ¹, Rayaprolu Kiran ¹, K. Shiva Krishna ¹, D. Bhaskara Rao ¹, P. Venkatesh ¹, B. Charan Kumar ², A. V. Raman ²

Affiliations
1 Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, IN
2 Marine Biological Laboratory, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 08 (2018), Pagination: 1762-1767

Abstract

Measuring coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) holds advantage over dissolved organic carbon (DOC) determination, as it can be remotely estimated unlike the latter, for which it can potentially act as a proxy. The CDOM absorbance, by definition, falls exponentially with wavelength of light (λ) in the ultravioletvisible region. Investigating over 800 absorption spectra of water samples from the tropical monsoonal Godavari estuary and the Chilika brackish water lagoon, we found that the spectral slope (S) of the 330–440 nm region (S_330–440) is best suited to retrieve CDOM and its exponential character.

Keywords

CDOM, Chilika Lagoon, Godavari Estuary, Spectral Slope, S_330–440, UV-Visible Absorbance.

Full Text

References

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Fichot, C. G. and Benner, R., A novel method to estimate DOC concentrations from CDOM absorption coefficients in coastal waters. Geophys. Res. Letts., 2011, 38(3), doi:10.1029/2010GL046152.

Rochelle-Newall, E. J. and Fisher, T. R., Chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Chem., 2002, 77(1), 23–41; doi:10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00073-1.

Asmala, E., Autio, R., Kaartokallio, H., Pitkanen, L., Stedmon, C. A. and Thomas, D. N., Bioavailability of riverine dissolved organic matter in three Baltic Sea estuaries and the effect of catchment land use. Biogeoscience, 2013, 10, 6969–6986.

Nelson, N. B. and Siegel, D. A., The global distribution and dynamics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 2013, 5, 447–476.

Harvey, E. T., Kratzer, S. and Andersson, A., Relationships between coloured dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in different coastal gradients of the Baltic Sea. Ambio, 44(3), 2015, S392–S401; doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0658-4.

Goncalves-Araujo, R., Stedmon, C. A. and Heim, B., Dubinenkov, I., Kraberg, A., Moiseev, D. and Bracher, A., From fresh to marine waters: characterization and fate of dissolved organic matter in the Lena River delta region, Siberia. Front. Mar. Sci., 2015, 2, 108; doi: 10.3389/fmars.2015.00108.

Siegel, D. A., Maritorena, S., Nelson, N. B., Behrenfeld, M. J. and McClain, C. R., Colored dissolved organic matter and its influence on the satellite-based characterization of the ocean biosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2005, 32(20), L20605–L20608; doi:10.1029/2005GL024310.

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Twardowski, M. S., Boss, E., Sullivan, J. M. and Donaghay, P. L., Modelling the spectral shape of absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Mar. Chem., 2004, 89, 69–88.

Stedmon, C. A. and Markager, S., Behavior of the optical properties of coloured dissolved organic matter under conservative mixing. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci., 2003, 57, 973–979.

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Bowers, D. G. and Brett, H. L., The relationship between CDOM and salinity in estuaries: An analytical and graphical solution. J. Mar. Syst., 2008, 73(1–2), 1–7; http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.07.001.

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Cory, R. M. and McKnight, D. M., Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals ubiquitous presence of oxidized and reduced quinones in dissolved organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005, 39(21), 8142–8149.

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Shank, C. G., Nelson, K. and Montagna, K., Importance of CDOM distribution and photo reactivity in a shallow Texas Estuary. Estuar. Coast, 2009, 32, 661–677.

Chari, N. V. H. K., Sarma, N. S., Pandi, S. R. and Murthy, K. N., Seasonal and spatial constraints of fluorophores in the midwestern Bay of Bengal by PARAFAC analysis of excitation emission matrix spectra. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci., 2012, 100, 162–171.

Pandi, S. R. et al., Contrasting phytoplankton community structure and associated light absorption characteristics of the western Bay of Bengal. Ocean Dynam., 2014, doi:10.1007/s10236-013-0678-1.

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Chari, N. V. H. K., Keerthi, S., Sarma, N. S., Pandi, S. R., Chiranjeevulu, G., Kiran, R. and Koduru, U., Fluorescence and absorption characteristics of dissolved organic matter excreted by phyto-plankton species of western Bay of Bengal under axenic laboratory condition. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 2013, 445, 148–155.

Hulatt, C. J., Thomas, D. N., Bowers, D. G., Norman, L. and Zhang, C., Exudation and decomposition of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from some temperate macroalgae. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci., 2009, 84, 147–153.

Helms, J., Stubbins, A., Ritchie, J. D., Minor, E., Kieber, D. J. and Mopper, K., Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Limnol. Oceanogr., 2008, 53(3), 955–969.

Loiselle, S. A., Bracchini, L., Dattilo, A. M., Ricci, M., Tognazzi, A., Cezar, A. and Rossi, C., The optical characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter using wavelength distribution of absorption spectral slopes. Limnol. Oceanogr., 2009, 54(2), 590–597; doi:10.4319/lo.2009.54.2.0590.

Del Vecchio, R. and Blough, N., Spatial and seasonal distribution of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in the Middle Atlantic Bight, Mar. Chem., 2004, 89, 169–187.

Massicotte, P. and Markager S., Using a Gaussian decomposition approach to model absorption spectra of chromophoric dissolved organic matter, Mar. Chem., 2016, 180, 24–32.

Who cultivates traditional paddy varieties and why? Findings from Kerala, India

Abstract Views :180 | PDF Views:71

Authors

Shenaz Rasheed ¹, P. Venkatesh ¹, Dharam Raj Singh ¹, V. R. Renjini ¹, Girish Kumar Jha ¹, Dinesh Kumar Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 9 (2021), Pagination: 1188-1193

Abstract

Traditional paddy varieties are climate resilient, local stress-tolerant, low-input intensive and valuable sources of genetic diversity that have been under the threat of extinction from rising preferences for high yielding varieties. However, farmers in few pockets of the globe continue to cultivate traditional paddy varieties. This study therefore is an attempt at investigating who cultivates them and why they do so, through the survey of 225 paddy farmers in Wayanad district of Kerala. Results revealed that traditional paddy varieties were grown mainly by marginal and tribal farmers for chief purposes of self-consumption, and for associated traditional values and conservation. Farmers’ varietal selection decisions were found to be influenced by varietal traits related to consumption aspects, consumer demand, pest and disease resistance. Therefore, by cultivating traditional paddy varieties, farmers have been conserving these valuable genetic resources on-farm. However, stronger concerted institutional interventions are required for full-fledged, systematic and sustained in situ conservation of agricultural biodiversity

Keywords

Agrobiodiversity, in-situ conservation, traditional paddy varieties, varietal traits.

Full Text

References

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A Study on Consumer Awareness, Perception and Willingness to Pay for Biofortified Products in Delhi, India

Abstract Views :54 | PDF Views:36

Authors

M. L. Geetha ¹, P. Venkatesh ¹, Girish K. Jha ¹, Dharam Raj Singh ¹, V. Sangeetha ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Extension, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 125, No 7 (2023), Pagination: 728-736

Abstract

Malnutrition, which can perpetuate a cycle of poverty and ill health, will disproportionately impact people. Biofortification is an initiative to ensure improved nutritional outcomes in developing countries, where approaches to food supplements and commercially marketed fortified foods are limited. A primary survey was carried out in and around the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India. A total of 134 respondents from urban and 123 respondents from rural areas were interviewed. The results revealed that the majority of respondents in urban areas (72%) presumed that biofortified products were higher in micronutrients than those in rural areas (49%). The findings reveal that age and gender negatively impact consumer awareness of biofortification, while education, food habits and income exert a positive and significant impact. The policy implications drawn should enable the development of consumer-based food products by creating a niche market and using an appropriate marketing channel to increase consumer acceptance and WTP.

Keywords

Biofortification, Consumer Awareness, Malnutrition, Perception, Willingness to Pay.

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