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Jayanthi, P. D. Kamala

Do Conspecific Herbivores Track Resource Depletion through Host Phenology-Specific HIPVs?

Abstract Views :226 | PDF Views:95

Authors

P. D. Kamala Jayanthi ¹, Anjana Subramoniam ¹, P. Saravan Kumar ¹, B. R. Jayanthimala ¹, A. Rekha ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru 560 089, India, IN
2 Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru 560 089, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 286-293

Abstract

Conspecific herbivores use herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) as cues while selecting an optimal site for oviposition. This is to ascertain the availability of nourishment for their progeny so that they get the best chance at survival. In the present study, phytophagous eulophid seed-borer Anselmella kerrichi was significantly (time spent: F_3,40 = 13.12, P < 0.0001; number of entries: F_2,30 = 4.21; P = 0.02) attracted to HIPVs from immature fruits of Java plum, Syzygium cuminii (time spent: 4.77 ± 0.40 min; number of entries: 2.27 ± 0.24) when also given the choice of mature fruits (time spent: 1.76 ± 0.32 min; number of entries: 1.46 ± 0.16), indicating that herbivores can assess re-source depletion from host phenology-specific HIPVs. The chemical cues like α-pinene, β-pinene, (z)-ocimene, undecane, 3,7-dimethyl decane, neo-allo-ocimene, allo-ocimene, ethyl benzoate, 2,6,11-trime¬thyldodecane, α-copaene and β-caryophyllene, which are present in immature fruit volatiles elicited antennal response in a GC-EAD analysis. Olfactometer analyses with the synthetic compounds also revealed that A. kerrichi was significantly attracted to these cues and the synthetic blend composed of the above compounds proved to be much more efficient in attracting female wasps when compared to a natural blend. Field evaluations using the synthetic blend showed that it could attract a significant number of A. kerrichi, indicating the scope of using this blend of synthetic HIPVs as a sustainable IPM tool

Keywords

Anselmella kerrichi, Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles, Host Phenology, Resource Depletion, Syzygium cuminii.

Full Text

References

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Identification of male-specific active host plant volatiles for maize stem borer, Chilo partellus Swinhoe

Abstract Views :177 | PDF Views:77

Authors

Niraj Guleria ¹, Suresh M. Nebapure ¹, P. D. Kamala Jayanthi ², S. B. Suby ³, P. Saravan Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Department of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta, Bengaluru 560 089, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Punjab Agricultural University Campus, Ludhiana 141 004, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 578-581

Abstract

The present study was conducted to identify male-specific active plant volatiles from maize against Chilo partellus. The gas chromatography-electroantennogram detector evaluation of volatile extracts collected from maize plant through dynamic headspace collection revealed the presence of six electrophysiologically active volatiles for male, viz. toluene, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, p-isopropyl benzaldehyde (cuminaldehyde) and p-xylene. Electroantennogram analysis of selective synthetic volatiles against male moths revealed significantly higher response to geranyl acetate, cuminaldehyde, linalool and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. Electroantennogram studies showed dose-dependent responses of male moths against geranyl acetate, cuminaldehyde, linalool and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol up to 50 mg, above which saturation of antennal response was noticed. These findings will help to study the synergistic activity of identified volatiles with pheromone compounds for developing more effective lure for C. partellus monitoring and mass trapping.

Keywords

Dynamic headspace collection, gas chromatography-electroantennogram detector, maize stem borer, male-specific active volatiles.

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Weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) headspace volatiles deter oviposition in female Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract Views :151 | PDF Views:77

Authors

P. D. Kamala Jayanthi ¹, P. Saravan Kumar ¹, Meenal Vyas ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560 089, India

Source

Current Science, Vol 123, No 5 (2022), Pagination: 694-702

Abstract

Natural predator–prey interactions in the insect world provide interesting insights into how female herbivores avoid ovipositing in places where a predator’s presence can be perceived. Several insects show such innate behavioural traits that can be harnessed to formulate safe pest management strategies in agriculture. Using customized oviposition assays, we studied the innate oviposition avoidance behaviour of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, a frugivorous pest. Fruit flies preferred to lay eggs in a test region smeared with g-octalactone (an oviposition stimulant used as a positive control) over one smeared with a mix of g-octalactone and headspace volatiles of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina, a generalist predator in orchard ecosystems. A combination of the electrophysiologically active odour cues n-undecane and n-tridecane from the headspace volatiles of weaver ants was found to deter female fruit flies from ovipositing. Using these behaviour-modifying chemicals in a blend as a pre-harvest spray could potentially prevent egg-laying by the oriental fruit flies in ready-to-harvest fruits

Keywords

Fruit fly, headspace volatiles, oviposition deterrent, predator–prey interactions, weaver ant.

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Wild Solanum species exhibit feeding antixenosis against ash weevil, Myllocerus subfasciatus Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract Views :123 |

Authors

B. R. Jayanthi Mala ¹, S. V. Krishnamoorthy ², P. Saravan Kumar ³, T. H. Singh ⁴, K. S. Shivashanakara ⁵, P. D. Kamala Jayanthi ⁶

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, India; Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India, IN
3 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, India, IN
4 Division of Vegetable Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, India, IN
5 Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, India, IN
6 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 63-72

Abstract

This study was aimed at identifying host plant resistance sources of Solanum species against the dreaded brinjal pest, ash weevil. Myllocerus subfasciatus Guerin-Meneville. A total of 84 brinjal genotypes (both cultivated and wild) were screened for feeding preference/non-preference against the ash weevil under field as well as in vitro conditions. All the cultivated and five wild genotypes (bitter brinjal, Solanum gilo Raddi; black nightshade, Solanum indicum L.; African eggplant, Solanum macrocarpon L.; Ethiopian eggplant, Solanum aethiopicum L. and Dutch eggplant, Solanum acculeatissimum Jacq.) were found highly susceptible to the ash weevil. The other wild species, namely tropical soda apple, Solanum viarum Dunal; nipple fruit (= cow’s udder) Solanum mammosum L.; European nightshade, Solanum nigrum L.; cockroach berry, Solanum capsicoides Allioni; Brazilian nightshade, Solanum seaforthianum Andrews; Turkey berry, Solanum torvum Sw. and sticky nightshade, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam exhibited complete resistance to the ash weevil with leaf feeding damage ranging from zero to <1.00 (when scored on 0.00–10.00 scale). This study helped identify feeding antixenosis (feeding non-preference) as the major component of resistance in these wild genotypes against M. subfasciatus. Response of the ash weevil to these wild/cultivated genotypes and their volatiles has also been discussed in detail

Full Text

Volatile Cues from Corcyra cephalonica Larva Elicit Behavioural Responses in Parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor

Abstract Views :145 | PDF Views:87

Authors

G. Basana Gowda ¹, Totan Adak ¹, P. D. Kamala Jayanthi ², P. Saravan Kumar ², G. GuruPirasanna-Pandi ¹, Naveenkumar B. Patil ¹, A. Annamalai ¹, P. C. Rath ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
2 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560 089, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 125, No 2 (2023), Pagination: 183-190

Abstract

The rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a serious pest of grains in storage systems resulting in immense losses but is also widely used as a factitious host for mass rearing of many important natural enemies of crop pests. Given the role of kairomones, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify potential cues from the larval body wash of C. cephalonica, which could attract its gregarious ecto-parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Gas chromatography with electroantennography (GC-EAG) and olfactory assays were used to demonstrate the attraction of female H. hebetor to different larval body volatiles. A total of 15 EAG-active compounds were discovered in the body wash of C. cephalonica larvae that triggered a response in female H. hebetor. Among them, four compounds (p-xylene, naphthalene, n-eicosane and n-tricosane) were bioassayed for the behavioural response of parasitoids and found that n-eicosane significantly attracted a higher number of parasitoids than others. Our work establishes the attraction of H. hebetor to volatile kairomone cues emanating from the factitious host larval body, which offers an opportunity for its parasitoid, H. hebetor to improve the mass rearing efficiency

Keywords

Behavioural Assays, GC-EAG, GC-MS, Larval Volatiles, Olfactometer.

Full Text

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Aromatic Plant Odours of Anethum graveolens And Coriandrum sativum Repel Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci in Tomato

Abstract Views :84 | PDF Views:49

Authors

Vinod K. Padala ¹, P. Saravan Kumar ², N. Ramya ³, P. D. Kamala Jayanthi ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR-RCER, Research Centre for Makhana, Darbhanga 846 004, India, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesseraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru 560 089, India, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 2 (2023), Pagination: 231-238

Abstract

We studied the behavioural responses of female whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) towards headspace volatiles of tomato in the presence of aromatic intercrops, namely coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) using olfactometer bioassays, electrophysiological techniques and field experimentation. Olfactometer studies revealed the repellent nature of dill and coriander. Multiple-choice olfactometer studies revealed less residence time in tomato with coriander (T + Co; 1.33 ± 0.20 min) and tomato with dill (T + D; 1.97 ± 0.30 min) treated arms compared to sole tomato volatile treated arm (3.18 ± 0.35 min). Field studies also supported this trend, where significantly less whitefly incidence was recorded in treatment T + Co (2.34 ± 0.39 per three leaves) or T + D (3.33 ± 0.51 per three leaves) compared to sole tomato crop (5.71 ± 0.75 per three leaves). In coupled gas chromatography-electroantennodetection (GC-EAD) studies, whitefly antenna responded to several compounds of dill and coriander. This study suggests that aromatic plants such as dill and coriander can be used as potential intercrop components in tomatoes to manage B. tabaci and the GC-EAD-identified compounds of dill and coriander will help formulate futuristic semiochemical-based pest management strategies against the whitefly.

Keywords

Aromatic Intercrops, Bemisia tabaci, Head-Space Volatiles, Pest Management Strategies, Tomato.

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