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Estuaries are hotspots of anthropogenic activities. The deposition of pathogenic bacteria in the sediment and their re-suspension into the water column are influenced by riverine discharge and tides. The abundance of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., total coliforms (TC) and Vibrio spp. (Vibrio cholerae (VC), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP), Vibrio alginolyticus (VA)) was assessed along with the total bacterial count (TBC) and total viable count (TVC) in surface sediments along the banks of the Zuari estuary, Goa, India. The study was carried out fortnightly for a period of 17 months covering three seasons, i.e. pre-monsoon (PreM), monsoon (MON) and postmonsoon (POM). The spatial and temporal changes in the quality of organic matter were also assessed. The organic matter content was high and rich in carbohydrates and proteins towards upstream sites. The quality of organic matter was influenced by the seasons. E. coli O157:H7 was detected only during MON towards the upstream stations. A negative correlation between TC and TBC with salinity was evident indicating the influence of land run-off. The Shigella spp. and VA were high towards the mouth of the estuary during PreM. However, during POM, the TVC, TC and VP were abundant towards the upstream and VC were abundant at the mouth of the estuary. Among the Vibrios, VP and VA were the most frequently occurring bacteria whereas TC and Shigella spp. were dominant among allochthonous pathogens in the sediments irrespective of space and time. In addition to influence of seasons, the sampling time influenced by tidal condition also played an important role in the population dynamics of pathogenic bacteria in the sediments. Future studies should address the interaction of pathogenic bacteria with suspended particles, their transport and survival in the sediments.

Keywords

Coliforms, Sediment, Estuaries, Pathogenic Bacteria, Vibrio spp.

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References

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Influence of Salinity Stress on Bacterial Diversity from a Marine Bioinvasion Perspective:Evaluation Through Microcosm Experiments

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Authors

Nishanth Kuchi ¹, Lidita Khandeparker ¹

Affiliations
1 CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 119, No 3 (2020), Pagination: 507-525

Abstract

Mid-ocean ballast water exchange has been used since the past few years to control bioinvasion through ballast water (BW), which requires the ship to exchange part of its BW in the open ocean. The change in salinity is expected to be detrimental to coastal species. This study evaluates the changes in bacterial diversity with respect to salinity stress when translocated into an environment with non-ambient salinity. Surface water samples from three coastal ports, namely hypersaline Kandla port in Gujarat, saline Paradip port in Odisha, and freshwater Kolkata port in West Bengal, India were collected and aged in dark for 30 days to mimic BW tank conditions. The aged water samples were translocated into water collected from the estuarine mouth (Dona Paula), mid-estuary (Cortalim) and upstream location (Sanvordem) of Zuari Estuary, Goa and incubated in the laboratory. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique was used to assess major bacterial phyla. Culturable marine bacteria and Vibrio spp., including γ -proteobacteria preferred higher salinity, whereas culturable freshwater bacteria, including coliforms in conjunction with α-, β-proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes preferred lower salinity. The freshwater port bacteria could withstand salinity stress better than those from the hypersaline or saline ports. The species comprising these phyla could be region- and niche-specific. The invasive potential of these bacterial clades would depend on the environmental suitability of the recipient port. Studying the changes in the ecosystem of the port environment after BW discharge in real-time would provide meaningful insights into the invasive potential of these bacterial phyla.

Keywords

Bacterial Community, Ballast Water Exchange, Marine Bioinvasion, Salinity Stress, Microcosm Experiment.

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