Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Balaji Rao, K.
- Experimental Determination of Statistical Parameters Associated with Uniaxial Compression Behaviour of Brick Masonry
Abstract Views :251 |
PDF Views:80
Authors
S. R. Balasubramanian
1,
D. Maheswari
2,
A. Cynthia
3,
K. Balaji Rao
1,
R. Goswami
4,
P. Sivakumar
1
Affiliations
1 CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641 006, IN
3 Department of Civil Engineering, VelTech Multi Tech Dr Rangarajan Dr Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai 600 025, IN
4 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
1 CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641 006, IN
3 Department of Civil Engineering, VelTech Multi Tech Dr Rangarajan Dr Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai 600 025, IN
4 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 11 (2015), Pagination: 2094-2102Abstract
In view of practical significance of the compression behaviour of brick masonry, this article discusses the evolvement of an experimental programme based on a survey of the literature. Also, it is known that large scatter is expected in the mechanical properties of masonry and studies characterizing these statistical variations are scant in India. Using the evolved experimental programme and results of tests conducted, the statistical parameters, namely mean and coefficient of variation (COV) associated with the uniaxial compression behaviour of typical brick masonry used in South India have been determined in this article. For the masonry considered in this study, the mean values of peak compressive stress, strain corresponding to peak stress and elastic modulus are 2.82 MPa, 0.009 and 0.4 GPa respectively. The corresponding values of COV are 0.15, 0.2 and 0.12 respectively. In addition, a trilinear curve has been suggested as an idealized stress-strain relation for the brick masonry used in South India.Keywords
Clay Brick Masonry, Compressive Strength, Elastic Modulus, Uniaxial Compression, Statistical Parameters.Full Text
References
- IS:1905–1987 (reaffirmed 2002), Code of practice for structural use of unreinforced brick masonry – guidelines. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi, 2002.
- Dymiotis, C. and Gutlederer, B. M., Allowing for uncertainties in the modelling of masonry compressive strength. Constr. Build. Mater., 2002, 16(8), 443–452.
- Pande, G. N., Kralj, B. and Middleton, J., Analysis of the compressive strength of masonry given by the equation fk = K(fb′)α( fm)β. Struct. Eng., 1994, 1, 7–12.
- Haller, P., Die technische Eigenschaften von Backstein, Schweizerische Bauzeitung, 1958.
- Sarangapani, G., Venkatarama Reddy, B. V. and Jagadish, K. S., Structural characteristics of bricks, mortar and masonry. J. Struct. Eng. (CSIR-SERC), 2002, 29, 101–107.
- Gumaste, K. S., Nanjunda Rao, K. S., Venkatarama Reddy, B. V. and Jagadish, K. S., Strength and elasticity of brick masonry prisms and wallettes under compression. Mater. Struct., 2007, 40(2), 241–253.
- Naraine, K. and Sinha, S. N., Loading and unloading stress–strain curves for brick masonry. J. Struct. Eng. (ASCE), 1989, 115(10), 7631–7644.
- AlShebani, M. M. and Sinha, S. N., Stress–strain characteristics of brick masonry under uniaxial cyclic loading. J. Struct. Eng. (ASCE), 1999, 125(6), 600–604.
- Kaushik, H. B., Rai, D. C. and Jain, S. K., Uniaxial compressive stress–strain model for clay brick masonry. Curr. Sci., 2007, 92(4), 497–501.
- Freeda Christy, C., Tensing, D. and Mercy Shanthi, R., Experimental study on axial compressive strength and elastic modulus of the clay and fly ash brick masonry. J. Civ. Eng. Constr. Technol., 2013, 4(4), 134–141.
- ASTM C1314-12, Standard test method for compressive strength of masonry prisms. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, USA, 2002.
- BS 5628-1:2005, Code of practice for the use of masonry – Structural use of unreinforced masonry. British Standards Institute, London, UK, 2005.
- Gischolar_main, C. and Larbi, J., The influence of water flow (reversal) on bond strength development in young masonry. Heron, 1999, 44(2), 63–78.
- RILEM TC 127-MS B.4, Measurement of the shear strength index for unit-mortar junction. Mater. Struct., 1996, 29(8), 459–475.
- Hendry, A. W., Structural Masonry, Macmillan Education Ltd, London, UK, 1990.
- Bennett, R. M., Boyd, K. A. and Flanagan, R. D., Compressive properties of structural clay tile prisms. J. Struct. Eng. (ASCE), 1997, 123(7), 920–926.
- MSJC 2002, ACI 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-022002 – Building code requirements for masonry structures. Masonry Standards Joint Committee, USA, 2002.
- Dayaratnam, P., Brick and Reinforced Brick Structures, Oxford and IBH, India, 1987.
- Eurocode 6 (ENV 1996-1-1), Design of masonry structures. Part 1-1: General rules for buildings – reinforced and unreinforced masonry.
- European Committee of Standardization (CEN), Brussels, 1996.
- Desayi, P. and Krishnan, S., Equation for the stress–strain curve of concrete. J. Am. Concr. Inst., 1964, 61(3), 345–350.
- Priestley, M. J. N. and Elder, D. M., Stress–strain curves for unconfined and confined concrete masonry. Am. Concr. Inst. J., 1983, 80(3), 192–201.
- Drysdale, R., Hamid, A. and Baker, L., Masonry Structures: Behaviour and Design, The Masonry Society, USA, 1999, 3rd edn.
- ASTM E 122-09, Standard practice for calculating sample size to estimate, with specified precision, the average for a characteristic of a lot or process. West Conshohocken, USA, 2009.
- BS 5628-3:2005, Code of practice for the use of masonry – Materials and components, design and workmanship. British Standards Institute, London, UK, 2005.
- IS:2250-1981 (reaffirmed 2002), Code of practice for preparation and use of masonry mortars. BIS, New Delhi, 2002.
- ASTM C 1552-14, Practice for capping concrete masonry units, related units and masonry prisms for compression testing. West Conshohocken, USA, 2014.
- ASTM E 111-04, Practice for capping concrete masonry units, related units and masonry prisms for compression testing. West Conshohocken, USA, 2004.
- Partial Factors for Shear Capacity Assessment of In-Service RC T-Girder Bridges
Abstract Views :292 |
PDF Views:71
Authors
Affiliations
1 CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, IN
1 CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 09 (2017), Pagination: 1710-1718Abstract
As the infrastructure age, their assessment to carry the loads they are subjected to becomes increasingly important. Also, assessment is needed as part of a regular monitoring programme. Before carrying out a rigorous probabilistic analysis for assessment, it is often required to make a preliminary assessment using simplified procedures, such as that developed using semi-probabilistic approach, in which partial factors are used. In this article an attempt has been made to evolve a framework to determine the partial factors for safety assessment of the in-service T-girder bridges in India against the limit state of shear. Limit state of shear is considered because it is one of the important ultimate limit states for bridge girder that results in brittle failure. The partial factors are derived using first order reliability method. In order to suggest a simple method for safety assessment, statistical properties of modelling error associated with the simplified equation of shear capacity estimation are estimated using test data of 185 beams reported in the literature. To demonstrate the usefulness of the framework developed, an attempt has been made to determine partial factors for assessment for a typical T-girder bridge designed according to the relevant Indian codes. The loading considered corresponds to actual traffic loads on a typical Chennai flyover. The study reported here gains importance as: (i) general guidelines to assess the reliability of in-service bridges are non-existent in the Indian context and (ii) the partial factors suggested for two consequence classes can be used for quick assessment of the safety of existing similar flyover girders against limit state of shear in a more rational way.Keywords
Assessment, RC T Girder Bridges, Partial Factors, Reliability Index.Full Text
References
- Maljaars, J., Steenbergen, R., Abspoel, L. and Kolstein, H., Safety assessment of existing highway bridges and viaducts. Struct. Eng. Int., 2012, 22(1), 112–120.
- Steenbergen, R. D. J. M., De Boer, A. and Van der Veen, C., Calibration of partial factors in the safety assessment of existing concrete slab bridges for shear failure. Heron, 2012, 57, 55–68.
- Vrouwenvelder, T., Codes of practice for the assessment of existing structures. IABSE Reports, 1993, 5.
- Allen, D. E., Safety criteria for the evaluation of existing structures IABSE reports: Rapports AIPC: IVBH reports, 1993, pp. 77–84.
- Holicky, M., Markova, J. and Sykora, M., Partial factors for assessment of existing reinforced concrete bridges. Proceedings of the 6th International Probabilistic Workshop, Darmstadt, 2008, pp. 117–132.
- Vrouwenvelder, A. C. W. M. and Siemes, A. J. M., Probabilistic calibration procedure for the derivation of partial safety factors for the Netherlands building codes. Heron, 1987, 32(4), 9–29.
- Steenbergen, Raphael, D. J. M. and Vrouwenvelder, A. C. W. M., Safety philosophy for existing structures and partial factors for traffic loads on bridges. Heron, 2010, 55(2), 123–140.
- Ellingwood, B., MacGregor, J. G., Galambos, T. V. and Cornell, C. A., Probability based load criteria: load factors and load combinations. ASCE, J. Struct. Div., 1982, 108, N0. ST5, 978–997.
- Stewart, M. G. and Rosowsky, D. V., Time-dependent reliability of deteriorating reinforced concrete bridge decks. Struct. Saf., 1998, 20(1), 91–109.
- Enright, M. P. and Frangopol, D. M., Reliability-based condition assessment of deteriorating concrete bridges considering load redistribution. Struct. Saf., 1999, 21(2), 159–195.
- Dimitri, V. V. and Stewart, M. G., Safety factors for assessment of existing structures. J. Struct. Eng., 2002, 128(2), 258–265.
- Brühwiler, E., Proportionality of interventions to restore structural safety of existing bridges. In Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, Taylor & Francis Group, London, 2011, pp. 32–38.
- EN1990 BS, Basis of structural design. British Standards Institute, London. 2002, pp. 58–61.
- Ang, H.-S., Alfredo, and Tang, W. H.., Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning and Design, Decision, Risk and Reliability, John Wiley, New York, 1975, vol. 2.
- WHO, Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013: supporting a decade of action, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013, p. 126.
- Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA), Chennai Comprehensive Transportation Study – Executive Summary, 2010; http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/pdfs/CCTS_Executive_Summary.pdf.
- EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures, Section 6.2, pp. 85–87.
- Kong, F. K. and Evans, R. H., Reinforced and pre-stressed concrete. Springer, 2013.
- Schlaich, J., Schäfer, K. and Jennewein, M., Toward a consistent design of structural concrete. PCI J., 1987, 32(3), 74–150.
- IRC 112-2011:Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges, Indian Roads Congress, Ministry of Surface Transport, Roads Wing, 2011, pp. 80–97.
- Ashour, A. F. and Keun-Hyeok, Y., Application of plasticity theory to reinforced concrete deep beams. Morley Symposium on Concrete Plasticity and its Application, University of Cambridge, 2007.
- ACI 318-08, Building code requirements for structural concrete, American Concrete Institute, International Organization for Standardization, pp. 109–186.
- Song, J., Kang, W. H., Kim, K. S. and Jung, S., Probabilistic shear strength models for reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement. Struct. Eng. Mech., 2010, 11(1), 15.
- Code, JCSS – Probabilistic Model. Part III Resistance Models–Steel. Joint Committee on Structural Safety, 2001, sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.9.
- Rackwitz, R. and Flessler, B., Structural reliability under combined random load sequences. Comput. Struct., 1978, 9(5), 89–94.
- Standard Plans for Highway Bridges: RCC beam and slab super-structure: Indian Roads Congress, Ministry of Surface Transport, Roads Wing, 1993, pp. 129–138.
- IRC:SP:37-2010 Guidelines for Evaluation of Load carrying Capacity of Bridges, Indian Roads Congress, Ministry of Surface Transport, Roads Wing, 2010, pp. 10–14.
- Kulicki, J. M., Zolan, P., Chad, M. C., Dennis, R. M. and Andrzej, S. N., Updating the calibration report for AASHTO LRFD code. Final report, NCHRP Project, 2007, 20(7).