Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
- T. Bhattacharyya
- D. Sarkar
- S. K. Ray
- P. Chandran
- D. K. Pal
- D. K. Mandal
- J. Prasad
- G. S. Sidhu
- K. M. Nair
- A. K. Sahoo
- T. H. Das
- R. S. Singh
- C. Mandal
- R. Srivastava
- T. K. Sen
- S. Chatterji
- N. G. Patil
- G. P. Obireddy
- S. K. Mahapatra
- K. S. Anil Kumar
- K. Das
- A. K. Singh
- S. K. Reza
- D. Dutta
- S. Srinivas
- P. Tiwary
- K. Karthikeyan
- M. V. Venugopalan
- K. Velmourougane
- A. Srivastava
- Mausumi Raychaudhuri
- D. K. Kundu
- G. Kar
- S. L. Durge
- G. K. Kamble
- M. S. Gaikwad
- A. M. Nimkar
- S. V. Bobade
- S. G. Anantwar
- S. Patil
- V. T. Sahu
- K. M. Gaikwad
- H. Bhondwe
- S. S. Dohtre
- S. Gharami
- S. G. Khapekar
- A. Koyal
- Sujatha
- B. M. N. Reddy
- P. Sreekumar
- D. P. Dutta
- L. Gogoi
- V. N. Parhad
- A. S. Halder
- R. Basu
- R. Singh
- B. L. Jat
- D. L. Oad
- N. R. Ola
- K. Wadhai
- M. Lokhande
- V. T. Dongare
- A. Hukare
- N. Bansod
- A. Kolhe
- J. Khuspure
- H. Kuchankar
- D. Balbuddhe
- S. Sheikh
- B. P. Sunitha
- B. Mohanty
- D. Hazarika
- S. Majumdar
- R. S. Garhwal
- A. Sahu
- S. Mahapatra
- S. Puspamitra
- A. Kumar
- N. Gautam
- B. A. Telpande
- A. M. Nimje
- C. Likhar
- S. Thakre
- A. P. Nagar
- J. A. Dijkshoorn
- N. H. Batjes
- P. S. Bindraban
- S. V. Patil
- K. Sujatha
- A. H. Kolhe
- M. Raychaudhuri
- Ashwani Kumar
- S. Raychaudhuri
- S. K. Singh
- Jagdish Prasad
- Alok Kumar Srivastava
- Kulandaivelu Velmourougane
- Ashutosh Kumar
- K. R. Reddy
- N. G. Bansod
- D. Dasgupta
- A. K. Thakur
- S. K. Ambast
- R. K. Mohanty
- A. K. Mishra
- Subhas Sinha
- Benukar Biswas
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Mandal, K. G.
- Georeferenced Soil Information System: Assessment of Database
Abstract Views :273 |
PDF Views:133
Authors
T. Bhattacharyya
1,
D. Sarkar
1,
S. K. Ray
1,
P. Chandran
1,
D. K. Pal
2,
D. K. Mandal
1,
J. Prasad
1,
G. S. Sidhu
3,
K. M. Nair
4,
A. K. Sahoo
5,
T. H. Das
5,
R. S. Singh
6,
C. Mandal
1,
R. Srivastava
1,
T. K. Sen
1,
S. Chatterji
1,
N. G. Patil
1,
G. P. Obireddy
1,
S. K. Mahapatra
3,
K. S. Anil Kumar
4,
K. Das
5,
A. K. Singh
6,
S. K. Reza
7,
D. Dutta
5,
S. Srinivas
4,
P. Tiwary
1,
K. Karthikeyan
1,
M. V. Venugopalan
8,
K. Velmourougane
8,
A. Srivastava
9,
Mausumi Raychaudhuri
10,
D. K. Kundu
10,
K. G. Mandal
10,
G. Kar
10,
S. L. Durge
1,
G. K. Kamble
1,
M. S. Gaikwad
1,
A. M. Nimkar
1,
S. V. Bobade
1,
S. G. Anantwar
1,
S. Patil
1,
V. T. Sahu
1,
K. M. Gaikwad
1,
H. Bhondwe
1,
S. S. Dohtre
1,
S. Gharami
1,
S. G. Khapekar
1,
A. Koyal
4,
Sujatha
4,
B. M. N. Reddy
4,
P. Sreekumar
4,
D. P. Dutta
7,
L. Gogoi
7,
V. N. Parhad
1,
A. S. Halder
5,
R. Basu
5,
R. Singh
6,
B. L. Jat
6,
D. L. Oad
6,
N. R. Ola
6,
K. Wadhai
1,
M. Lokhande
1,
V. T. Dongare
1,
A. Hukare
1,
N. Bansod
1,
A. Kolhe
1,
J. Khuspure
1,
H. Kuchankar
1,
D. Balbuddhe
1,
S. Sheikh
1,
B. P. Sunitha
4,
B. Mohanty
3,
D. Hazarika
7,
S. Majumdar
5,
R. S. Garhwal
6,
A. Sahu
8,
S. Mahapatra
10,
S. Puspamitra
10,
A. Kumar
9,
N. Gautam
1,
B. A. Telpande
1,
A. M. Nimje
1,
C. Likhar
1,
S. Thakre
1,
A. P. Nagar
1
Affiliations
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1400-1419Abstract
Land-use planning is a decision-making process that facilitates the allocation of land to different uses that provide optimal and sustainable benefit. As land-use is shaped by society-nature interaction, in land-use planning different components/facets play a significant role involving soil, water, climate, animal (ruminant/ non-ruminant) and others, including forestry and the environment needed for survival of mankind. At times these components are moderated by human interference. Thus land-use planning being a dynamic phenomenon is not guided by a single factor, but by a complex system working simultaneously,which largely affects the sustainability. To address such issues a National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) on 'Georeferenced soil information system for land-use planning and monitoring soil and land quality for agriculture' was undertaken to develop threshold values of land quality parameters for land-use planning through quantitative land evaluation and crop modelling for dominant cropping systems in major agro-ecological sub-regions (AESRs) representing rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and deep-ischolar_mained crops in the black soil regions (BSR). To assess the impact of landuse change, threshold land quality indicator values are used. A modified AESR map for agricultural landuse planning is generated for effective land-use planning.Keywords
Agriculture, Georeferenced Soil Information System, Land-Use Planning, Spatial Database.- Development of Soil and Terrain Digital Database for Major Food-Growing Regions of India for Resource Planning
Abstract Views :254 |
PDF Views:101
Authors
P. Chandran
1,
P. Tiwary
1,
T. Bhattacharyya
1,
C. Mandal
1,
J. Prasad
1,
S. K. Ray
1,
D. Sarkar
1,
D. K. Pal
2,
D. K. Mandal
1,
G. S. Sidhu
3,
K. M. Nair
4,
A. K. Sahoo
5,
T. H. Das
5,
R. S. Singh
6,
R. Srivastava
1,
T. K. Sen
1,
S. Chatterji
1,
N. G. Patil
1,
G. P. Obireddy
1,
S. K. Mahapatra
3,
K. S. Anil Kumar
4,
K. Das
5,
A. K. Singh
6,
S. K. Reza
7,
D. Dutta
5,
S. Srinivas
4,
K. Karthikeyan
1,
M. V. Venugopalan
8,
K. Velmourougane
8,
A. Srivastava
9,
Mausumi Raychaudhuri
10,
D. K. Kundu
10,
K. G. Mandal
10,
G. Kar
10,
J. A. Dijkshoorn
11,
N. H. Batjes
11,
P. S. Bindraban
11,
S. L. Durge
1,
G. K. Kamble
1,
M. S. Gaikwad
1,
A. M. Nimkar
1,
S. V. Bobade
1,
S. G. Anantwar
1,
S. V. Patil
1,
K. M. Gaikwad
1,
V. T. Sahu
1,
H. Bhondwe
1,
S. S. Dohtre
1,
S. Gharami
1,
S. G. Khapekar
1,
A. Koyal
4,
K. Sujatha
4,
B. M. N. Reddy
4,
P. Sreekumar
4,
D. P. Dutta
7,
L. Gogoi
7,
V. N. Parhad
1,
A. S. Halder
5,
R. Basu
5,
R. Singh
6,
B. L. Jat
6,
D. L. Oad
6,
N. R. Ola
6,
K. Wadhai
1,
M. Lokhande
1,
V. T. Dongare
1,
A. Hukare
1,
N. Bansod
1,
A. H. Kolhe
1,
J. Khuspure
1,
H. Kuchankar
1,
D. Balbuddhe
1,
S. Sheikh
1,
B. P. Sunitha
4,
B. Mohanty
3,
D. Hazarika
7,
S. Majumdar
5,
R. S. Garhwal
6,
A. Sahu
8,
S. Mahapatra
10,
S. Puspamitra
10,
A. Kumar
9,
N. Gautam
1,
B. A. Telpande
1,
A. M. Nimje
1,
C. Likhar
1,
S. Thakre
1
Affiliations
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi, 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
11 ISRIC, Wageningen, NL
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi, 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
11 ISRIC, Wageningen, NL
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1420-1430Abstract
Soil information system in SOTER (soil and terrain digital database) framework is developed for the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) and black soil regions (BSR) of India with the help of information from 842 georeferenced soil profiles including morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils in addition to the site characteristics and climatic information. The database has information from 82 climatic stations that can be linked with the other datasets. The information from this organized database can be easily retrieved for use and is compatible with the global database. The database can be updated with recent and relevant data as and when they are available. The database has many applications such as inputs for refinement of agroecological regions and sub-regions, studies on carbon sequestration, land evaluation and land (crop) planning, soil erosion, soil quality, carbon and crop modelling and other climate change related research. This warehouse of information in a structured framework can be used as a data bank for posterity.Keywords
Black Soil Region, Database, Indo-Gangetic Plains, SOTER.- Soil Information System: Use and Potentials in Humid and Semi-Arid Tropics
Abstract Views :237 |
PDF Views:116
Authors
T. Bhattacharyya
1,
D. Sarkar
1,
S. K. Ray
1,
P. Chandran
1,
D. K. Pal
1,
D. K. Mandal
1,
J. Prasad
1,
G. S. Sidhu
2,
K. M. Nair
3,
A. K. Sahoo
4,
T. H. Das
4,
R. S. Singh
5,
C. Mandal
1,
R. Srivastava
1,
T. K. Sen
1,
S. Chatterji
1,
N. G. Patil
1,
G. P. Obireddy
1,
S. K. Mahapatra
2,
K. S. Anil Kumar
3,
K. Das
4,
A. K. Singh
5,
S. K. Reza
6,
D. Dutta
7,
S. Srinivas
3,
P. Tiwary
1,
K. Karthikeyan
1,
M. V. Venugopalan
8,
K. Velmourougane
8,
A. Srivastava
9,
Mausumi Raychaudhuri
10,
D. K. Kundu
10,
K. G. Mandal
10,
G. Kar
10,
S. L. Durge
1,
G. K. Kamble
1,
M. S. Gaikwad
1,
A. M. Nimkar
1,
S. V. Bobade
1,
S. G. Anantwar
1,
S. Patil
1,
V. T. Sahu
1,
K. M. Gaikwad
1,
H. Bhondwe
1,
S. S. Dohtre
1,
S. Gharami
1,
S. G. Khapekar
1,
A. Koyal
3,
Sujatha
3,
B. M. N. Reddy
3,
P. Sreekumar
3,
D. P. Dutta
6,
L. Gogoi
6,
V. N. Parhad
1,
A. S. Halder
4,
R. Basu
4,
R. Singh
5,
B. L. Jat
5,
D. L. Oad
5,
N. R. Ola
5,
K. Wadhai
1,
M. Lokhande
1,
V. T. Dongare
1,
A. Hukare
1,
N. Bansod
1,
A. Kolhe
1,
J. Khuspure
1,
H. Kuchankar
1,
D. Balbuddhe
1,
S. Sheikh
1,
B. P. Sunitha
3,
B. Mohanty
2,
D. Hazarika
6,
S. Majumdar
4,
R. S. Garhwal
5,
A. Sahu
8,
S. Mahapatra
10,
S. Puspamitra
10,
A. Kumar
9,
N. Gautam
1,
B. A. Telpande
1,
A. M. Nimje
1,
C. Likhar
1,
S. Thakre
1
Affiliations
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1550-1564Abstract
The articles presented in this special section emanated from the researches of consortium members of the National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP, Component 4) of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. These researches have helped develop a soil information system (SIS). In view of the changing scenario all over the world, the need of the hour is to get assistance from a host of researchers specialized in soils, crops, geology, geography and information technology to make proper use of the datasets. Equipped with the essential knowledge of data storage and retrieval for management recommendations, these experts should be able to address the issues of land degradation, biodiversity, food security, climate change and ultimately arrive at an appropriate agricultural land-use planning. Moreover, as the natural resource information is an essential prerequisite for monitoring and predicting global environmental change with special reference to climate and land use options, the SIS needs to be a dynamic exercise to accommodate temporal datasets, so that subsequently it should result in the evolution of the soil information technology. The database developed through this NAIP would serve as an example of the usefulness of the Consortium and the research initiative of ICAR involving experts from different fields to find out the potentials of the soils of humid and semi-arid bioclimatic systems of the country.Keywords
Agricultural Land-Use Planning, Humid and Semi-Arid Tropics, Soil Information System, Soil Information Technology, Temporal Datasets.- Pedotransfer Functions: A Tool for Estimating Hydraulic Properties of Two Major Soil Types of India
Abstract Views :235 |
PDF Views:100
Authors
P. Tiwary
1,
N. G. Patil
1,
T. Bhattacharyya
1,
P. Chandran
1,
S. K. Ray
1,
K. Karthikeyan
1,
D. Sarkar
1,
D. K. Pal
2,
J. Prasad
1,
C. Mandal
1,
D. K. Mandal
1,
G. S. Sidhu
3,
K. M. Nair
4,
A. K. Sahoo
5,
T. H. Das
5,
R. S. Singh
6,
R. Srivastava
1,
T. K. Sen
1,
S. Chatterji
1,
G. P. Obireddy
1,
S. K. Mahapatra
3,
K. S. Anil Kumar
4,
K. Das
5,
A. K. Singh
6,
S. K. Reza
7,
D. Dutta
5,
S. Srinivas
4,
M. V. Venugopalan
8,
K. Velmourougane
8,
A. Srivastava
9,
M. Raychaudhuri
10,
D. K. Kundu
10,
K. G. Mandal
10,
G. Kar
10,
S. L. Durge
1,
G. K. Kamble
1,
M. S. Gaikwad
1,
A. M. Nimkar
1,
S. V. Bobade
1,
S. G. Anantwar
1,
S. Patil
1,
K. M. Gaikwad
1,
V. T. Sahu
1,
H. Bhondwe
1,
S. S. Dohtre
1,
S. Gharami
1,
S. G. Khapekar
1,
A. Koyal
4,
K. Sujatha
4,
B. M. N. Reddy
4,
P. Sreekumar
4,
D. P. Dutta
7,
L. Gogoi
7,
V. N. Parhad
1,
A. S. Halder
5,
R. Basu
5,
R. Singh
6,
B. L. Jat
6,
D. L. Oad
6,
N. R. Ola
6,
K. Wadhai
1,
M. Lokhande
1,
V. T. Dongare
1,
A. Hukare
1,
N. Bansod
1,
A. H. Kolhe
1,
J. Khuspure
1,
H. Kuchankar
1,
D. Balbuddhe
1,
S. Sheikh
1,
B. P. Sunitha
4,
B. Mohanty
3,
D. Hazarika
7,
S. Majumdar
5,
R. S. Garhwal
6,
A. Sahu
8,
S. Mahapatra
10,
S. Puspamitra
10,
A. Kumar
9,
N. Gautam
1,
B. A. Telpande
1,
A. M. Nimje
1,
C. Likhar
1,
S. Thakre
1
Affiliations
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1431-1439Abstract
In recent years, georeferenced soil information system has gained significance in agricultural land-use planning and monitoring the changes in soil properties/ soil quality induced by land-use changes. The spatiotemporal information on saturated hydraulic conductivity (sHC) and soil water retention-release behaviour is essential for proper crop and land-use planning. The sHC greatly influences the drainage process and soil water retention-release behaviour, ultimately affecting the crop growth and yield. However, sHC and water retention are not measured in a routine soil survey and are generally estimated from easily measurable soil parameters through pedotransfer functions (PTFs). In the present study, PTFs for sHC and water retention were developed separately for the soils of two food-growing zones of India (the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and the black soil region (BSR)). For the IGP soils, sHC is affected by the increased subsoil bulk density due to intensive cultivation. In BSR, presence of Na+ and Mg++ ions affects the drainage and water retention of the soils. Therefore, these soil parameters were considered while developing the PTFs using stepwise regression technique in SPSS. The validation of PTFs was found to be satisfactory with low RMSE values and high model efficiency.Keywords
Model Efficiency, Pedotransfer Functions, Regression Analysis, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Retention.- Natural Resources of the Indo-Gangetic Plains: A Land-Use Planning Perspective
Abstract Views :199 |
PDF Views:110
Authors
N. G. Patil
1,
P. Tiwary
1,
T. Bhattacharyya
1,
P. Chandran
1,
D. Sarkar
1,
D. K. Pal
2,
D. K. Mandal
1,
J. Prasad
1,
G. S. Sidhu
3,
K. M. Nair
4,
A. K. Sahoo
5,
T. H. Das
5,
R. S. Singh
6,
C. Mandal
1,
R. Srivastava
1,
T. K. Sen
1,
S. Chatterji
1,
S. K. Ray
1,
G. P. Obireddy
1,
S. K. Mahapatra
3,
K. S. Anil Kumar
4,
K. Das
5,
A. K. Singh
6,
S. K. Reza
7,
D. Dutta
5,
S. Srinivas
4,
K. Karthikeyan
4,
M. V. Venugopalan
8,
K. Velmourougane
8,
A. Srivastava
9,
M. Raychaudhuri
10,
D. K. Kundu
11,
K. G. Mandal
10,
G. Kar
10,
S. L. Durge
1,
G. K. Kamble
1,
M. S. Gaikwad
1,
A. M. Nimkar
1,
S. V. Bobade
1,
S. G. Anantwar
1,
S. Patil
1,
K. M. Gaikwad
1,
V. T. Sahu
1,
H. Bhondwe
1,
S. S. Dohtre
1,
S. Gharami
1,
S. G. Khapekar
1,
A. Koyal
4,
K. Sujatha
4,
B. M. N. Reddy
4,
P. Sreekumar
4,
D. P. Dutta
7,
L. Gogoi
7,
V. N. Parhad
1,
A. S. Halder
5,
R. Basu
5,
R. Singh
6,
B. L. Jat
6,
D. L. Oad
6,
N. R. Ola
6,
K. Wadhai
1,
M. Lokhande
1,
V. T. Dongare
1,
A. Hukare
1,
N. Bansod
1,
A. H. Kolhe
1,
J. Khuspure
1,
H. Kuchankar
1,
D. Balbuddhe
1,
S. Sheikh
1,
B. P. Sunitha
4,
B. Mohanty
3,
D. Hazarika
7,
S. Majumdar
5,
R. S. Garhwal
6,
A. Sahu
8,
S. Mahapatra
10,
S. Puspamitra
10,
A. Kumar
9,
N. Gautam
1,
B. A. Telpande
1,
A. M. Nimje
1,
C. Likhar
1,
S. Thakre
1
Affiliations
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 440 010, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
11 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 440 010, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
11 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1537-1549Abstract
Current status of land/soil resources of the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) is analysed to highlight the issues that need to be tackled in near future for sustained agricultural productivity. There are intraregional variations in soil properties, cropping systems; status of land usage, groundwater utilization and irrigation development which vary across the subregions besides demographies. Framework for land use policy is suggested that includes acquisition of farm-level data, detailing capability of each unit to support a chosen land use, assess infrastructural support required to meet the projected challenges and finally develop skilled manpower to effectively monitor the dynamics of land use changes.Keywords
Agricultural Productivity, Land Use Planning, Natural Resources, Soil Properties and Soil Management.- Soil Physical Quality of the Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region
Abstract Views :284 |
PDF Views:158
Authors
Mausumi Raychaudhuri
1,
D. K. Kundu
1,
Ashwani Kumar
1,
K. G. Mandal
1,
S. Raychaudhuri
1,
G. Kar
1,
T. Bhattacharyya
2,
D. Sarkar
3,
D. K. Pal
4,
D. K. Mandal
3,
J. Prasad
3,
G. S. Sidhu
5,
K. M. Nair
6,
A. K. Sahoo
7,
T. H. Das
7,
R. S. Singh
8,
C. Mandal
3,
R. Srivastava
3,
T. K. Sen
3,
S. Chatterji
3,
P. Chandran
3,
S. K. Ray
3,
N. G. Patil
3,
G. P. Obireddy
3,
S. K. Mahapatra
5,
K. S. Anil Kumar
6,
K. Das
5,
A. K. Singh
8,
S. K. Reza
9,
D. Dutta
7,
S. Srinivas
6,
P. Tiwary
3,
K. Karthikeyan
3,
M. V. Venugopalan
9,
K. Velmourougane
9,
A. Srivastava
10,
S. L. Durge
3,
S. Puspamitra
1,
S. Mahapatra
1,
G. K. Kamble
3,
M. S. Gaikwad
3,
A. M. Nimkar
3,
S. V. Bobade
3,
S. G. Anantwar
3,
S. Patil
3,
K. M. Gaikwad
3,
V. T. Sahu
3,
H. Bhondwe
3,
S. S. Dohtre
3,
S. Gharami
3,
S. G. Khapekar
3,
A. Koyal
5,
Sujatha
5,
B. M. N. Reddy
5,
P. Sreekumar
5,
D. P. Dutta
9,
L. Gogoi
9,
V. N. Parhad
1,
A. S. Halder
7,
R. Basu
7,
R. Singh
7,
B. L. Jat
7,
D. L. Oad
7,
N. R. Ola
7,
K. Wadhai
3,
M. Lokhande
3,
V. T. Dongare
3,
A. Hukare
3,
N. Bansod
3,
A. Kolhe
3,
J. Khuspure
3,
H. Kuchankar
3,
D. Balbuddhe
3,
S. Sheikh
3,
B. P. Sunitha
6,
B. Mohanty
5,
D. Hazarika
9,
S. Majumdar
7,
R. S. Garhwal
8,
A. Sahu
11,
A. Kumar
10,
N. Gautam
3,
B. A. Telpande
3,
A. M. Nimje
3,
C. Likhar
3,
S. Thakre
3
Affiliations
1 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751 023, IN
2 2Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
4 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
10 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
11 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
1 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751 023, IN
2 2Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
4 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
10 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
11 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1440-1451Abstract
Understanding the physical quality of soil that influences its hydraulic behaviour helps in formulating appropriate water management strategies for sustainable crop production. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is a key factor governing the hydraulic properties of soils. Ks can be estimated through various techniques. In the present article we have developed and validated the regression models to predict Ks of the soils of the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) and the black soil regions (BSR) under different bioclimatic systems. While particle size distribution was found to be a key factor to predict Ks of the BSR soils, organic carbon was found useful for the IGP soils. Moreover, the models for Ks of both soils were strengthened by putting in CaCO3 and exchangeable sodium percentage content. It seems there is ample scope to study the interaction process for revising Ks to desired levels through management practices in these two important food-growing zones. An index of soil physical quality, derived from the inflection points of the soil moisture characteristic curves could well explain the impact of management practices on soil physical quality.Keywords
Index, Management, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Soil Physical Quality.- Impacts of Bioclimates, Cropping Systems, Land Use and Management on the Cultural Microbial Population in Black Soil Regions of India
Abstract Views :251 |
PDF Views:88
Authors
K. Velmourougane
1,
M. V. Venugopalan
1,
T. Bhattacharyya
2,
D. Sarkar
2,
S. K. Ray
2,
P. Chandran
2,
D. K. Pal
3,
D. K. Mandal
2,
J. Prasad
2,
G. S. Sidhu
4,
K. M. Nair
5,
A. K. Sahoo
6,
K. S. Anil Kumar
5,
A. Srivastava
7,
T. H. Das
6,
R. S. Singh
8,
C. Mandal
2,
R. Srivastava
2,
T. K. Sen
2,
S. Chatterji
2,
N. G. Patil
2,
G. P. Obireddy
2,
S. K. Mahapatra
4,
K. Das
6,
S. K. Singh
6,
S. K. Reza
9,
D. Dutta
6,
S. Srinivas
5,
P. Tiwary
2,
K. Karthikeyan
2,
Mausumi Raychaudhuri
10,
D. K. Kundu
10,
K. G. Mandal
10,
G. Kar
10,
S. L. Durge
2,
G. K. Kamble
2,
M. S. Gaikwad
2,
A. M. Nimkar
2,
S. V. Bobade
2,
S. G. Anantwar
2,
S. Patil
2,
M. S. Gaikwad
2,
V. T. Sahu
2,
H. Bhondwe
2,
S. S. Dohtre
2,
S. Gharami
2,
S. G. Khapekar
2,
A. Koyal
5,
Sujatha
5,
B. M. N. Reddy
5,
P. Sreekumar
5,
D. P. Dutta
9,
L. Gogoi
9,
V. N. Parhad
2,
A. S. Halder
6,
R. Basu
6,
R. Singh
8,
B. L. Jat
8,
D. L. Oad
8,
N. R. Ola
8,
A. Sahu
2,
K. Wadhai
2,
M. Lokhande
2,
V. T. Dongare
2,
A. Hukare
2,
N. Bansod
2,
A. Kolhe
2,
J. Khuspure
2,
H. Kuchankar
2,
D. Balbuddhe
2,
S. Sheikh
2,
B. P. Sunitha
5,
B. Mohanty
4,
D. Hazarika
9,
S. Majumdar
6,
R. S. Garhwal
8,
S. Mahapatra
10,
S. Puspamitra
10,
A. Kumar
7,
N. Gautam
2,
B. A. Telpande
2,
A. M. Nimje
2,
C. Likhar
2,
S. Thakre
2
Affiliations
1 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
7 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
1 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
7 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1452-1463Abstract
The present study documents the biological properties of the black soil region (BSR) of India in terms of culturable microbial population. Besides surface microbial population, subsurface population of individual soil horizons is described to improve the soil information system. An effort has been made to study the depth-wise distribution and factors (bioclimates, cropping systems, land use, management practices and soil properties) influencing the microbial population in the soils of the selected benchmark spots representing different agro-ecological sub-regions of BSR. The microbial population declined with depth and maximum activity was recorded within 0-30 cm soil depth. The average microbial population (log10 cfu g-1) in different bioclimates is in decreasing order of SHm > SHd > Sad > arid. Within cropping systems, legumebased system recorded higher microbial population (6.12 log10 cfu g-1) followed by cereal-based system (6.09 log10 cfu g-1). The mean microbial population in different cropping systems in decreasing order is legume > cereal > sugarcane > cotton. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) microbial population has been recorded in high management (6.20 log10 cfu g-1) and irrigated agrosystems (6.33 log10 cfu g-1) compared to low management (6.12 log10 cfu g-1) and rainfed agrosystems (6.17 log10 cfu g-1). The pooled analysis of data inclusive of bioclimates, cropping systems, land use, management practices, and edaphic factors indicates that microbial population is positively influenced by clay, fine clay, water content, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and base saturation, whereas bulk density, pH, calcium carbonate and exchangeable magnesium percentage have a negative effect on the microbial population.Keywords
Agro-Ecological Sub-Regions, Benchmark Spots, Black Soil Regions, Principal Component Analysis, Soil Microbial Population.- Revisiting Agro-Ecological Sub-Regions of India - A Case Study of Two Major Food Production Zones
Abstract Views :210 |
PDF Views:103
Authors
C. Mandal
1,
D. K. Mandal
1,
T. Bhattacharyya
2,
D. Sarkar
2,
D. K. Pal
2,
Jagdish Prasad
2,
G. S. Sidhu
3,
K. M. Nair
4,
A. K. Sahoo
5,
T. H. Das
6,
R. S. Singh
7,
R. Srivastava
2,
T. K. Sen
2,
S. Chatterji
2,
P. Chandran
2,
S. K. Ray
2,
N. G. Patil
2,
G. P. Obireddy
2,
S. K. Mahapatra
6,
K. S. Anil Kumar
4,
K. Das
6,
A. K. Singh
7,
S. K. Reza
8,
D. Dutta
6,
S. Srinivas
4,
P. Tiwary
2,
K. Karthikeyan
2,
M. V. Venugopalan
9,
A. Srivastava
10,
Mausumi Raychaudhuri
11,
D. K. Kundu
11,
K. G. Mandal
11,
G. Kar
11,
S. L. Durge
2,
G. K. Kamble
2,
M. S. Gaikwad
2,
A. M. Nimkar
2,
S. V. Bobade
2,
S. G. Anantwar
2,
S. Patil
2,
K. M. Gaikwad
2,
A. M. Nimkar
2,
S. V. Bobade
2,
S. G. Anantwar
2,
S. Patil
2,
K. M. Gaikwad
2,
V. T. Sahu
2,
H. Bhondwe
2,
S. S. Dohtre
2,
S. Gharami
2,
S. G. Khapekar
2,
A. Koyal
4,
Sujatha
4,
B. M. N. Reddy
4,
P. Sreekumar
4,
D. P. Dutta
8,
L. Gogoi
12,
V. N. Parhad
2,
A. S. Halder
6,
R. Basu
6,
R. Singh
7,
B. L. Jat
13,
D. L. Oad
7,
N. R. Ola
7,
K. Wadhai
2,
M. Lokhande
2,
V. T. Dongare
2,
A. Hukare
2,
N. Bansod
2,
A. Kolhe
2,
J. Khuspure
2,
H. Kuchankar
2,
D. Balbuddhe
2,
S. Sheikh
2,
B. P. Sunitha
4,
B. Mohanty
3,
D. Hazarika
8,
S. Majumdar
6,
R. S. Garhwal
7,
A. Sahu
9,
S. Mahapatra
11,
S. Puspamitra
11,
A. Kumar
10,
N. Gautam
2,
B. A. Telpande
2,
A. M. Nimje
2,
C. Likhar
2,
S. Thakre
2
Affiliations
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 03, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
8 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat 785 004, IN
9 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
10 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
11 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
12 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat 785 004
13 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 03, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
8 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat 785 004, IN
9 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
10 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
11 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
12 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat 785 004
13 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1519-1536Abstract
The sustenance of food and nutritional security are the major challenges of the 21st century. The domestic food production needs to increase per annum at the rate of 2% for cereals and 0.6% for oilseeds and pulses to meet the demand by 2030. The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and the black soil regions (BSR) are the two major food production zones of the country. Since irrigation potential is limited and expansion of irrigated area is tardy, rainfed agriculture holds promise to satisfy future food needs. Frontline demonstrations of these two regions have shown that there is a large gap at the farmers' and achievable levels of yields. This gap can be filled by adopting scientific approach of managing the natural resources. There is tremendous pressure of biotic and abiotic stresses hindering the crop production and that warrants for a systematic appraisal of natural resources. The National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) divided the country into 60 agro-ecological sub-regions (AESRs) in 1994 by superimposing maps on natural resources like soils, climate and length of growing period (LGP) for crops and other associated parameters. With the passage of nearly two decades and the advent of modern facilities of database management and improved knowledge base on natural resources, a need was felt to revise the existing AESR map to reach near the ground reality of crop performance. The new database stored in soil and terrain digital database (SOTER) has helped in modifying the AESR delineations of the BSR (76.4 m ha) and the IGP (52.01 m ha). The estimated available water content, saturated hydraulic conductivity and use of pedo-transfer functions in assessing the drainage conditions and soil quality have helped in computing with improved precision the LGP, and revise the earlier AESRs in BSR and IGP areas. This innovative exercise will be useful for the future AESR-based agricultural land use planning.Keywords
Agro-Ecological Sub-Regions, Food Production Zones, Land-Use Planning, Length of Growing Period.- Impacts of Agro-Climates and Land Use Systems on Culturable Microbial Population in Soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India
Abstract Views :258 |
PDF Views:100
Authors
Alok Kumar Srivastava
1,
Kulandaivelu Velmourougane
2,
T. Bhattacharyya
3,
D. Sarkar
3,
D. K. Pal
4,
J. Prasad
4,
G. S. Sidhu
5,
K. M. Nair
6,
A. K. Sahoo
7,
T. H. Das
7,
R. S. Singh
8,
R. Srivastava
3,
T. K. Sen
3,
S. Chatterji
3,
P. Chandran
3,
S. K. Ray
3,
N. G. Patil
3,
G. P. Obireddy
3,
S. K. Mahapatra
5,
K. S. Anil Kumar
6,
K. Das
7,
A. K. Singh
8,
S. K. Reza
3,
D. Dutta
7,
C. Mandal
3,
D. K. Mandal
3,
S. Srinivas
3,
P. Tiwary
3,
K. Karthikeyan
3,
M. V. Venugopalan
2,
Mausumi Raychaudhuri
9,
D. K. Kundu
9,
K. G. Mandal
9,
Ashutosh Kumar
1,
G. Kar
9,
S. L. Durge
3,
G. K. Kamble
3,
M. S. Gaikwad
3,
A. M. Nimkar
3,
S. V. Bobade
3,
S. G. Anantwar
3,
S. Patil
3,
K. M. Gaikwad
3,
V. T. Sahu
3,
H. Bhondwe
3,
S. S. Dohtre
3,
S. Gharami
3,
S. G. Khapekar
3,
A. Koyal
6,
Sujatha
6,
B. M. N. Reddy
6,
P. Sreekumar
6,
D. P. Dutta
10,
L. Gogoi
10,
V. N. Parhad
3,
A. S. Halder
7,
R. Basu
7,
R. Singh
8,
B. L. Jat
8,
D. L. Oad
8,
N. R. Ola
8,
K. Wadhai
3,
M. Lokhande
3,
V. T. Dongare
3,
A. Hukare
3,
N. Bansod
3,
A. Kolhe
3,
J. Khuspure
3,
H. Kuchankar
3,
D. Balbuddhe
3,
S. Sheikh
3,
B. P. Sunitha
6,
B. Mohanty
5,
D. Hazarika
9,
S. Majumdar
7,
R. S. Garhwal
8,
A. Sahu
2,
S. Mahapatra
10,
S. Puspamitra
10,
N. Gautam
3,
B. A. Telpande
3,
A. M. Nimje
3,
C. Likhar
3,
S. Thakre
3
Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
2 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
4 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
10 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
2 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
4 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
10 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1464-1469Abstract
Comprehensive reports on land-use changes and their impact on soil biological properties, specifically microbial population in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India, are lacking. Since IGP is the most fertile land, data on microbial population of IGP may contribute towards the evaluation of various soil quality parameters, disease suppression, organic matter decomposition, plant growth promotion and soil management pattern. To enhance our knowledge on culturable microbial populations in different soil horizons of the agro-ecological sub-regions (AESRs) in the IGP, a study has been undertaken to collect soil samples from the established benchmark (BM) spots of these plains with an objective to investigate the impacts of bioclimates, soil depth, cropping systems, land use systems and management practices on the distribution of culturable microbial population. Bacterial : fungal ratios are significantly different across the land use types. The bacterial and fungal populations are strongly and negatively correlated with soil depth and maximum microbial population (40%) exists in the surface horizon (0-30 cm) than in the subsurface horizon (121-150 cm). Generally, bacterial populations are higher than actinomycetes and fungal populations in all soil profiles of the IGP. Approximately 10% decrease in Shannon diversity index has been observed with increase of 30 cm depth and 89% fall between surface and subsurface profiles. Non-significant difference in microbial population (P < 0.05) is noticed across the management and land use systems. Sub-humid (moist) bioclimatic system recorded higher microbial population than sub-humid (dry) and semi-arid bioclimatic systems. Legume-based cropping system has higher microbial population than cereal or vegetable-based cropping.Keywords
Agro-Ecosystems, Microbial Population, Land Use Type, Soil Depth.- Soil and Land Quality Indicators of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
Abstract Views :260 |
PDF Views:101
Authors
S. K. Ray
1,
T. Bhattacharyya
1,
K. R. Reddy
2,
D. K. Pal
3,
P. Chandran
1,
P. Tiwary
1,
D. K. Mandal
1,
C. Mandal
1,
J. Prasad
1,
D. Sarkar
1,
M. V. Venugopalan
4,
K. Velmourougane
4,
G. S. Sidhu
5,
K. M. Nair
6,
A. K. Sahoo
7,
T. H. Das
7,
R. S. Singh
8,
R. Srivastava
1,
T. K. Sen
1,
S. Chatterji
1,
N. G. Patil
1,
G. P. Obireddy
1,
S. K. Mahapatra
5,
K. S. Anil Kumar
6,
K. Das
7,
S. K. Reza
9,
D. Dutta
9,
S. Srinivas
6,
K. Karthikeyan
1,
A. Srivastava
10,
M. Raychaudhuri
11,
D. K. Kundu
11,
V. T. Dongare
1,
D. Balbuddhe
1,
N. G. Bansod
1,
K. Wadhai
1,
M. Lokhande
1,
A. Kolhe
1,
H. Kuchankar
1,
S. L. Durge
1,
G. K. Kamble
1,
M. S. Gaikwad
1,
A. M. Nimkar
1,
S. V. Bobade
1,
S. G. Anantwar
1,
S. Patil
1,
V. T. Sahu
1,
S. Sheikh
1,
D. Dasgupta
1,
B. A. Telpande
1,
A. M. Nimje
1,
C. Likhar
1,
S. Thakre
1,
K. G. Mandal
10,
G. Kar
10,
K. M. Gaikwad
1,
H. Bhondwe
1,
S. S. Dohtre
1,
S. Gharami
1,
S. G. Khapekar
1,
A. Koyal
4,
Sujatha
4,
B. M. N. Reddy
4,
P. Sreekumar
4,
D. P. Dutta
7,
L. Gogoi
7,
V. N. Parhad
1,
A. S. Halder
5,
R. Basu
5,
R. Singh
6,
B. L. Jat
6,
D. L. Oad
6,
N. R. Ola
6,
A. Hukare
1,
J. Khuspure
1,
B. P. Sunitha
4,
B. Mohanty
3,
D. Hazarika
7,
S. Majumdar
5,
R. S. Garhwal
6,
A. Sahu
8,
S. Mahapatra
11,
S. Puspamitra
11,
A. Kumar
9,
N. Gautam
1
Affiliations
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, US
3 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
4 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
10 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
11 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, US
3 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
4 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
8 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
9 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
10 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
11 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1470-1486Abstract
Sustaining soil and land quality under intensive land use and fast economic development is a major challenge for improving crop productivity in the developing world. Assessment of soil and land quality indicators is necessary to evaluate the degradation status and changing trends of different land use and management interventions. During the last four decades, the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) which covers an area of about 52.01 m ha has been the major food producing region of the country. However at present, the yield of crops in IGP has stagnated; one of the major reasons being deterioration of soil and land quality. The present article deals with the estimation of soil and land quality indicators of IGP, so that, proper soil and land management measures can be taken up to restore and improve the soil health. Use of principal component analysis is detailed to derive the minimum dataset or indicators for soil quality. The article also describes spatial distribution of soil and land quality with respect to major crops of IGP.Keywords
Land Quality Index, Principal Component Analysis, Soil Quality and Health.- Land Evaluation for Major Crops in the Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Regions Using Fuzzy Model
Abstract Views :242 |
PDF Views:79
Authors
S. Chatterji
1,
P. Tiwary
1,
T. K. Sen
1,
J. Prasad
1,
T. Bhattacharyya
1,
D. Sarkar
1,
D. K. Pal
2,
D. K. Mandal
1,
G. S. Sidhu
3,
K. M. Nair
4,
A. K. Sahoo
5,
T. H. Das
5,
R. S. Singh
6,
C. Mandal
1,
R. Srivastava
1,
P. Chandran
1,
S. K. Ray
1,
N. G. Patil
1,
G. P. Obireddy
1,
S. K. Mahapatra
3,
S. Srinivas
4,
K. Das
5,
A. K. Singh
6,
S. K. Reza
7,
D. Dutta
5,
K. S. Anil Kumar
4,
K. Karthikeyan
1,
M. V. Venugopalan
8,
K. Velmourougane
8,
A. Srivastava
9,
Mausumi Raychaudhuri
10,
D. K. Kundu
10,
K. G. Mandal
10,
G. Kar
10,
S. L. Durge
1,
G. K. Kamble
1,
M. S. Gaikwad
1,
A. M. Nimkar
1,
S. V. Bobade
1,
S. G. Anantwar
1,
S. Patil
1,
K. M. Gaikwad
1,
V. T. Sahu
1,
H. Bhondwe
1,
S. S. Dohtre
1,
S. Gharami
1,
S. G. Khapekar
1,
A. Koyal
4,
Sujatha
4,
B. M. N. Reddy
4,
P. Sreekumar
4,
D. P. Dutta
4,
L. Gogoi
7,
V. N. Parhad
1,
A. S. Halder
5,
R. Basu
5,
R. Singh
6,
B. L. Jat
6,
D. L. Oad
6,
N. R. Ola
6,
K. Wadhai
1,
M. Lokhande
1,
V. T. Dongare
1,
A. Hukare
1,
N. Bansod
1,
A. Kolhe
1,
J. Khuspure
1,
H. Kuchankar
1,
D. Balbuddhe
1,
S. Sheikh
1,
B. P. Sunitha
4,
B. Mohanty
3,
D. Hazarika
7,
S. Majumdar
5,
R. S. Garhwal
6,
A. Sahu
8,
S. Mahapatra
10,
S. Puspamitra
10,
A. Kumar
9,
N. Gautam
1,
B. A. Telpande
1,
A. M. Nimje
1,
C. Likhar
1,
S. Thakre
1
Affiliations
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
3 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1502-1511Abstract
Land evaluation is carried out to assess the suitability of land for a specific use. Land evaluation procedures focus increasingly on the use of quantitative procedures to enhance the qualitative interpretation of land resource surveys. Conventional Boolean retrieval of soil survey data and logical models for assessing land suitability, treat both spatial units and attribute value ranges as exactly specifiable quantities. They ignore the continuous nature of soil and landscape variation and uncertainties in measurement, which may result in the failure to correctly classify sites that just fail to match strictly defined requirements. The objective of this article is to apply fuzzy model to land suitability evaluation for major crops in the 15 benchmark sites of the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) and 17 benchmark sites of the black soil regions (BSR). Minimum datasets of land characteristics considered relevant to rice and wheat in the IGP and cotton and soybean in the BSR were identified to enhance pragmatic value of land evaluation. The use of fuzzy model is intuitive, robust and helpful for land suitability evaluation and classification, especially in applications in which subtle differences in land characteristics are of a major interest, such as development of threshold values of land characteristics.Keywords
Benchmark Sites, Fuzzy Model, Land Evaluation, Minimum Datasets.- Impact of Management Levels and Land-Use Changes on Soil Properties in Rice-Wheat Cropping System of the Indo-Gangetic Plains
Abstract Views :231 |
PDF Views:84
Authors
G. S. Sidhu
1,
T. Bhattacharyya
2,
D. Sarkar
2,
S. K. Ray
2,
P. Chandran
2,
D. K. Pal
3,
D. K. Mandal
2,
J. Prasad
2,
K. M. Nair
4,
A. K. Sahoo
5,
T. H. Das
5,
R. S. Singh
6,
C. Mandal
2,
R. Srivastava
2,
T. K. Sen
2,
S. Chatterji
2,
N. G. Patil
2,
G. P. Obireddy
2,
S. K. Mahapatra
3,
K. S. Anil Kumar
4,
K. Das
5,
A. K. Singh
6,
S. K. Reza
7,
D. Dutta
5,
S. Srinivas
4,
P. Tiwary
2,
K. Karthikeyan
2,
M. V. Venugopalan
8,
K. Velmourougane
8,
A. Srivastava
9,
Mausumi Raychaudhuri
10,
D. K. Kundu
10,
K. G. Mandal
10,
G. Kar
10,
S. L. Durge
2,
G. K. Kamble
2,
M. S. Gaikwad
2,
A. M. Nimkar
2,
S. V. Bobade
2,
S. G. Anantwar
2,
S. Patil
2,
V. T. Sahu
2,
K. M. Gaikwad
2,
H. Bhondwe
2,
S. S. Dohtre
2,
S. Gharami
2,
S. G. Khapekar
2,
A. Koyal
4,
Sujatha
4,
B. M. N. Reddy
4,
P. Sreekumar
4,
D. P. Dutta
7,
L. Gogoi
7,
V. N. Parhad
2,
A. S. Halder
5,
R. Basu
5,
R. Singh
6,
B. L. Jat
6,
D. L. Oad
6,
N. R. Ola
6,
K. Wadhai
2,
M. Lokhande
2,
V. T. Dongare
2,
A. Hukare
2,
N. Bansod
2,
A. Kolhe
2,
J. Khuspure
2,
H. Kuchankar
2,
D. Balbuddhe
2,
S. Sheikh
2,
B. P. Sunitha
4,
B. Mohanty
3,
D. Hazarika
7,
S. Majumdar
5,
R. S. Garhwal
6,
A. Sahu
8,
S. Mahapatra
10,
S. Puspamitra
10,
A. Kumar
9,
N. Gautam
2,
B. A. Telpande
2,
A. M. Nimje
2,
C. Likhar
2,
S. Thakre
2
Affiliations
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
1 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, IN
3 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, IN
4 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, IN
5 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, IN
6 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, IN
7 Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
8 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN
9 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, IN
10 Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1487-1501Abstract
Five benchmark soils, namely Fatehpur (Punjab) and Haldi (Uttarakhand) non-sodic soils, Zarifa Viran (Haryana), Sakit and Itwa sodic soils (Uttar Pradesh) representing Trans, Upper, Middle and Central Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) were revisited for studying the morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils at low and high management levels to monitor changes in soil properties due to the impact of landuse as well as management levels. The results indicate an increase in bulk density (BD) below the plough layer, and build up of organic carbon (OC) and decline in pH in surface layers of Zarifa Viran, Sakit and Itwa sodic soils under high management. The concentration of carbonates and bicarbonates in sodic soils decreased due to adaptation of rice-wheat system. The build-up of OC and decrease of pH in surface soils under rice- wheat system enhanced the soil health. Increase in BD in subsurface soils, however, is a cause of concern for sustaining rice-wheat cropping system. Soil management interventions such as tillage, conservation agriculture and alternate cropping system have been suggested for improved soil health and productivity.Keywords
Benchmark Soil, Bulk Density, Land-Use Changes, Rice–Wheat System, Soil Properties.- Current Rice Farming, Water Resources and Micro-Irrigation
Abstract Views :234 |
PDF Views:72
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 568-576Abstract
Rice is the staple food for half of the world’s population, and rice farming is a livelihood for millions of farmers in Asia. In India, it provides an individual with 32% of the total calorie and 24% of the total protein daily. This crop is mostly grown in puddled soil by transplanting, and flood irrigation is practised by farmers. Water or irrigation input to transplanted rice typically ranges from 1000 to 2000 mm depending upon the growing season, climatic condition, soil type and hydrological conditions. Facing water scarcity and climate change, reducing water requirement of this crop is a challenge. Out of 42.75 million hectare (m ha) rice area, only 25.12 m ha is under irrigation. Regarding water resources, depletion of groundwater is alarming in the north Indian states. On the other hand, it is under-utilized in eastern India. Microirrigation, i.e. sprinkler and drip methods have been used with the aim of minimizing water use and enhancing water use efficiency of rice. In addition, evidence-based scientific understandings on microirrigation for rice have been elucidated in this article. The potential of drip or sprinkler irrigation to rice on water saving as well as scientific insight and critical appraisal have been expounded on reasons of yield reduction. This comprehensive treatise would facilitate the formulation of strategies or policies on efficient management of water or irrigation for rice cultivation.Keywords
Micro-Irrigation, Rice Farming, Water Resources and Availability, Water use Efficiency.References
- GRiSP (Global Rice Science Partnership). In Rice Almanac, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines, 2013, 4th edn, p. 283.
- FAO, FAOSTAT main database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2017; www.fao.or/faostat/en/#data/QC (accessed on 6 June 2017).
- Kumar, V. and Ladha, J. K., Direct-seeding of rice: recent developments and future research needs. Adv. Agron., 2011, 111, 297– 413.
- DES, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmers’ Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Government of India (GoI), 2015, pp. 13–15; 83–84; 323–324; 340; 392–393.
- IRRI, World Rice Statistics Online Query Facility, 2017; http://ricestat.irri.org:8080/wrs (accessed on 19 June 2017).
- CWC, Annual Report 2012–13, Central Water Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, GoI, 2013, pp. 1–14
- CWC, Water and Related statistics 2010. Water Resources Information System Directorate, Information System Organization, Water Planning and Projects Wing, Central Water Commission, New Delhi, 2010, pp. xv–xiv.
- GWYB, Ground Water Year Book 2013–14, Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, GoI, 2014, pp. 42–43.
- Tiwari, V. M., Wahr, J. and Swenson, S., Dwindling groundwater resources in northern India, from satellite gravity observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2009, 36, L18401; doi:10.1029/2009 GL039401.
- Rodell, M., Velicogna, I. and Famiglietti, J. S., Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India. Nature, 2009, 460, 999–1002.
- Mandal, D. K., Mandal, C., Raja, P. and Goswami, S. N., Identification of suitable areas for aerobic rice cultivation in the humid tropics of eastern India. Curr. Sci., 2010, 99(2), 227–231.
- Bouman, B. A. M., How much water does rice use? Rice Today, 2009, 8, 28–29.
- Tuong, T. P., Bouman, B. A. M. and Mortimer, M., More rice, less water – integrated approaches for increasing water productivity in irrigated rice-based systems in Asia. Plant Prod. Sci., 2005, 8, 231–241.
- Bouman, B. A. M., Peng, S., Castaneda, A. R. and Visperas, R. M., Yield and water use of irrigated tropical aerobic systems. Agric. Water Manage., 2005, 74, 87–105.
- Tuong, T. P., Productive water use in rice production: opportunities and limitations. J. Crop Prod., 1999, 2, 241–264.
- Choudhury, B. U., Bouman, B. A. M. and Singh, A. K., Yield and water productivity of rice–wheat on raised beds at New Delhi, India. Field Crops Res., 2007, 100, 229–239.
- Tuong, T. P. and Bouman, B. A. M., Rice production in water scarce environments. In Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvement (eds Kijne, J. W., Barker, R. and Molden, D.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 2003, pp. 53– 67.
- Tabbal, D. F., Bouman, B. A. M., Bhuiyan, S. I. Sibayan, E. B. and Sattar, M. A., On-farm strategies for reducing water input in irrigated rice; case studies in the Philippines. Agric. Water Manage, 2002, 56(2), 93–112.
- Cabangon, R. J. et al., Effect of irrigation method and N-fertilizer management on rice yield, water productivity and nutrient-use efficiencies in typical lowland rice conditions in China. Paddy Water Environ., 2004, 2, 195–206.
- Dong, B., Molden, D., Loeve, R., Li, Y. H., Chen, C. D. and Wang, J. Z., Farm level practices and water productivity in Zanghe irrigation system. Paddy Water Environ., 2004, 2, 217– 226.
- Borell, A., Garside, A. and Shu, F. K., Improving efficiency of water for irrigated rice in a semi- arid tropical environment. Field Crops Res., 1997, 52, 231–248.
- Li, Y. H., Research and practice of water-saving irrigation for rice in China. In Water-Saving Irrigation for Rice (eds Barker, R. Li, Y. and Tuong, T. P.), International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka, 2001, pp. 135–144.
- Stoop, W., Uphoff, N. and Kassam, A., A review of agricultural research issues raised by the system of rice intensification (SRI) from Madagascar: opportunities for improving farming systems for resource-poor farmers. Agric. Syst., 2002, 71, 249–274.
- Thakur, A. K., Uphoff, N. and Edna, A., An assessment of physiological effects of system of rice intensification (SRI) practices compared with recommended rice cultivation practices in India. Exp. Agric., 2010, 46(1), 77–98.
- Thakur, A. K., Rath, S. and Mandal, K. G., Differential responses of system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional flooded rice management methods to applications of nitrogen fertilizer. Plant Soil, 2013, 370, 59–71.
- Thakur, A. K., Rath, S., Roy Chowdhury, S. and Uphoff, N.. Comparative performance of rice with system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional management using different plant spacings. J. Agron. Crop Sci., 2010, 196(2), 146–159.
- Bouman, B. A. M., Yang, X., Wang, H. Q., Wang, Z., Zhao. J. and Chen, B., Performance of aerobic rice varieties under irrigated conditions in North China. Field Crops Res., 2006, 97, 53–65.
- Bouman, B. A. M., Feng, L., Tuong, T. P., Lu, G., Wang, H. Q. and Feng, Y., Exploring options to grow rice under water-short conditions in northern China using a modelling approach. II: quantifying yield, water balance components, and water productivity. Agric. Water Manage., 2007, 88(1/3), 23–33.
- Mandal, K. G., Kundu, D. K., Thakur, A. K., Kannan, K., Brahmanand, P. S. and Kumar, A., Aerobic rice response to irrigation regimes and fertilizer nitrogen rates. J. Food, Agric. Environ., 2013, 11(3&4), 1148–1153.
- Oosterhuis, D. M., Nitrogen studies on rice grown under sprinkler irrigation in the southeastern low filed of Rhodesia. Rhodesia Agric. J., 1978, 75, 5
- Talbert, R. E., Akkari, K. H., Gilmore, J. T. and Ferguson, J. A., Update on sprinkler- irrigated rice production. In Proceedings of the 19th Rice Technical Working Group, Hot Springs, Arkansas, USA, 23–25 February 1982, pp. 87–88.
- Blackwell, J., Meyer, W. S. and Smith, R. C. G., Growth and yield of rice under sprinkler irrigation on a free-draining soil. Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 1985, 25(3), 636–641.
- Ferguson, J. A. and Gilmore, J. T., Centre pivot sprinkler irrigation of rice. Arkansas Farm Res., March–April 1977, pp. 12–20.
- Ferguson, J. A. and Gilmore, J. T., Water and nitrogen relations of sprinkler irrigated rice. Arkansas Farm Res., May–June 1978, pp.22–30.
- Westcott, M. P. and Vines, K. W., A comparison of sprinkler and flood irrigation for rice. Agron. J., 1986, 78, 637–640.
- Tacker, P., Vories, E., Wilson Jr, C. and Slaton, N., Water management. In Rice Production Handbook (ed. Slaton, N. A.), University of Arkansas, 2001, Chap. 9, pp. 75–86.
- Vories, E. D., Tacker, P. L. and Hogan., R., Multiple inlet approach to reduce water requirements for rice production. Appl. Eng. Agric., 2005, 21(4), 611–616.
- Smith, M. C. et al., Water use estimates for various rice production systems in Mississippi and Arkansas. Irrig. Sci., 2006, 25(2), 141–147.
- Spanu, A., Murtas, A. and Ballone, F., Water use and crop coefficients in sprinkler irrigated rice. Ital. J. Agron., 2009, 2, 47–58.
- Belder, P. et al., Effect of water-saving irrigation on rice yield and water use in typical lowland conditions in Asia. Agric. Water Manage., 2004, 65, 193–210.
- Belder, P., Bouman, B. A. M., Spiertz, J. H. J., Peng, S., Castaneda, A. R. and Visperas, R. M., Crop performance, nitrogen and water use in flooded and aerobic rice. Plant Soil, 2005, 273, 167– 182.
- Lampayan, R. M., Bouman, B. A. M., Faronilo, J. E., Soriano, J. B., de Dios, J. L., Espiritu, A. J. and Thant, K., Yield of aerobic rice in rainfed lowlands of the Philippines as affected by nitrogen management and row spacing. Field Crops Res., 2009, 116, 165–174.
- Nie, L., Peng, S., Bouman, B. A. M., Huang, J., Cui, K., Visperas, R. M. and Xiang, J. G., Alleviating soil sickness caused by aerobic monocropping: responses of aerobic rice to nutrient supply. Field Crops Res., 2008, 107, 129–136.
- Peng, S., Bouman, B. A. M., Visperas, R. M., Castañeda, A., Nie, L. and Park, H. K., Comparison between aerobic and flooded rice in the tropics: agronomic performance in an eight-season experiment. Field Crops Res., 2006, 96, 252–259.
- Adekoya, M. A. et al., Agronomic and ecological evaluation on growing water-saving and drought-resistant rice (Oryza sativa L.) through drip irrigation. J. Agric. Sci., Can., 2014, 6(5), 110–119.
- Kahlown, M. A., Raoof, A., Zubair, M. and Kemper, W. D., Water use efficiency and economic feasibility of growing rice and wheat with sprinkler irrigation in the Indus Basin of Pakistan. Agric. Water Manage., 2007, 87(3), 292–298.
- Inthapan, P. and Fukai, S., Growth and yield of rice cultivars under sprinkler irrigation in southeastern Queensland. 2. Comparison with maize and grain sorghum under wet and dry conditions. Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 1988, 28(2), 243–248.
- Lilley, J. M. and Fukai, S., Effect of timing and severity of water deficit on four diverse rice cultivars. II. Physiological responses to soil water deficit. Field Crops Res., 1994, 37(3), 215–223.
- Mitchell, J. H., Siamhan, D., Wamala, M. H., Risimeri, J. B., Chinyamakobvu, E., Henderson, S. A. and Fukai, S., The use of seedling leaf death score for evaluation of drought resistance of rice. Field Crops Res., 1998, 55, 129–139.
- Dingkuhn, M., Cruz, R. T., O’Toole, J. C. and Doerffling, K., Net photosynthesis, water use efficiency, leaf water potential and leaf rolling as affected by water deficit in tropical upland rice. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 1989, 40, 1171–1181.
- Lilley, J. M. and Fukai, S., Effect of timing and severity of water deficit on four diverse rice cultivars. I. Rooting pattern and soil water extraction. Field Crops Res., 1994, 37(3), 205–213.
- Lilley, J. M. and Fukai, S., Effect of timing and severity of water deficit on four diverse rice cultivars III. Phenological development, crop growth and grain yield. Field Crops Res., 1994, 37(3), 225–234.
- Dingkuhn, M., Cruz, R. T., O’Toole, J. C., Turner, N. C. and Doerffling, K., Response of seven diverse rice cultivars to water deficits. III. Accumulation of abscisic acid and proline in relation to leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment. Field Crops Res., 1991, 27, 103–117.
- Muirhead, W. A., Blackwell, J., Humphreys, E. and White, R. J. G., The growth and nitrogen economy of rice under sprinkler and flood irrigation in southeast Australia. 1. Crop response and N uptake. Irrig. Sci, 1989, 10,183–199.
- Cruz, R. T. and O’Toole, J. C., Dryland rice response to an irrigation gradient at flowering stage. Agron. J., 1984, 76, 178–183.
- O’Toole, J. C. and Moya, T. B., Genotypic variation in maintenance of leaf water potential in rice. Crop Sci., 1978, 18, 873–876.
- Novero, R. P., O’Toole, J. C.. Cruz, R. T. and Garrity, D. P., Leaf water potential, crop growth response, and microclimate of dryland rice under line source sprinkler irrigation. Agric. For. Meteorol., 1985, 35(1–4), 71–82.
- Fukai, S. and Inthapan, P., Growth and yield of rice cultivars under sprinkler irrigation in southeastern Queensland. 3. Water extraction and plant water relations – comparison with maize and grain sorghum. Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 1988, 28(2), 249–252.
- McCauley, G. N., Sprinkler vs flood irrigation in traditional rice production regions of southeast Texas. Agron. J., 1990, 82, 677– 683.
- Vories, E. D., McCarty, M., Stevens, G., Tacker, P. and Haidar, S., Comparison of flooded and sprinkler irrigated rice production. ASABE Paper No. IRR10-9851, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Michigan, USA, 2010; www.asabe.org
- Vories, E. D., Stevens, W. E., Tacker, P. L., Griffin, T. W. and Counce, P. A., Rice production with center pivot irrigation. Appl. Eng. Agric., 2013, 29(1), 51–60.
- Moratiel, R. and Martı´nez-Cob, A., Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sprinkler irrigation in a semiarid climate determined by the surface renewal method. Irrig. Sci., 2013, 31, 411–422.
- Pirmoradian, N., Sepaskhan, A. R. and Maftoun, M., Effects of water-saving irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Prod. Sci., 2004, 7(3), 337–346.
- Lafitte, R., Relationship between leaf relative water content during reproductive stage water deficit and grain formation in rice. Field Crops Res., 2002, 76, 165–174.
- Medley, J. and Wilson, L. T., The use of sub-surface drip irrigation for rice. In Proceeding of the 10th National Convention System on Cotton and Rice Conference, Texas, USA, 2005, pp. 33–34.
- Zimmerman, T., Evaluation of irrigation systems for rice production on St. Croix, USVI. Virgin Islands Water Resource Research Institute, University of Virgin Island, St. Thomas, 2011, p. 8.
- He, H. et al., Rice performance and water use efficiency under plastic mulching with drip irrigation. PLoS ONE, 2013, 8(12), e83103; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083103.
- Zhu, Q. C., Wei, C. Z., Li, M. N., Zhu, J. L. and Wang, J., Nutrient availability in the rhizosphere of rice grown with plastic film mulch and drip irrigation. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 2013, 13(4), 943–953.
- Sharda, R., Mahajan, G., Siag, M., Singh, A. and Chauhan, B. S., Performance of drip irrigated dry seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in south Asia. Paddy Water Environ., 2017, 15, 93–100.
- Govindan, R. and Grace, T. M., Influence of drip fertigation on growth and yield of rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.). Madras Agric. J., 2012, 99(4/6), 244–247.
- Vanitha, K. and Mohandass, S., Effect of humic acid on plant growth characters and grain yield of drip fertigated aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Bioscan, 2014, 9(1), 45–50.
- Vanitha, K. and Mohandass, S., Drip fertigation could improve source-sink relationship of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Afr. J. Agric. Res., 2014, 9(2), 294–301.
- Parthasarathi, T., Mohandass, S., Senthilvel, S. and Vered, E., Effect of drip irrigation systems on yield of aerobic rice. Environ. Ecol., 2013, 31(4A), 1826–1829.
- Parthasarathi, T., Vanitha, K., Mohandass, S. and Vered, E., Importance of large ischolar_main system on increasing yield in drip irrigated aerobic rice. Bioscan, 2014, 9(4), 1541–1544.
- Panigrahi, P., Rautaray, S. K., Panda, R. K., Thakur, A. K. and Raichaudhuri, S., Response of rain-fed rice to supplemental irrigation with drip and surface irrigation methods in eastern India. Int. J. Trop. Agric., 2015, 33(2), 971–975.
- AICRP-IWM, Annual Report 2015–16, All India Coordinated Research Project on Irrigation Water Management (ICAR), Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindiya Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Morena, 2016, pp. 47–52.
- Rao, K. V. R., Gangwar, S., Keshri, R., Chourasia, L., Bajpai, A. and Soni, K., Effects of drip irrigation system for enhancing rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield under system of rice intensification management. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res., 2017, 15(4), 487–495.
- Policy perspectives on agricultural water management and associated technologies suitable for different agro-climatic zones of West Bengal, India
Abstract Views :200 |
PDF Views:92
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
2 West Bengal State Watershed Development Agency, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 091, IN
3 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur 741 252, IN
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
2 West Bengal State Watershed Development Agency, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 091, IN
3 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur 741 252, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 122, No 4 (2022), Pagination: 386-395Abstract
Agriculturally, West Bengal is one of the major productive states in India. It has made significant contributions to the gross state value added through agriculture and allied sectors, and water manage-ment is the most vital component to ensure stability and sustainability in agricultural production systems. There is increasing uncertainty in availability, or site-specific excess of water due to climate change. These call for strategic management of this important natural resource to achieve one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG No. 6) set by the United Nations, i.e. ensuring availability and sustainability in water management, and also providing sanitation to all by 2030. This eastern Indian state has six distinct agro-climatic zones (ACZs) based on its varied physiography, land, soil, weather, cropping pattern, vegetation and other characteristic features. Both water scarcity and water excess are intricately associated with the agricultural activities in the state, which demand integrated approach in the management of water resources and their efficient utilization. Here we elucidate the agricultural importance, distinctive features and constraints of six ACZs, provide an account of the water supply and demand, potential options to increase water-use efficiency, suitable technologies and zone-wise policy perspectives on water management in agriculture and allied sectors in West BengalKeywords
Agricultural technology, agro-climatic zones, policy, water management, water-use efficiency.References
- UN-DESA, Sustainable Development Goal 6: ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Division for Sustainable Development Goals, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat Building, New York, USA, 2020; https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg6
- DES, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance-2019, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (MoAFW), Government of India (GoI), 2020; www.agricoop.nic.in and http://eands.dacnet.nic.in
- Bandyopadhyay, S., Kar, N. S., Das, S. and Sen, J., River systems and water resources of West Bengal: a review. Geol. Soc. India Spec. Publ., 2014, 3, 63–84.
- Bhuin, P. K., Sustainable water resource management in West Bengal: a review. Bhatter Coll. J. Multidiscip. Stud., 2014, 4, 94– 104.
- Chakraborty, A. S., ‘Hamro Jhora, Hamro Pani’ (our spring, our water): water and the politics of appropriation of ‘commons’ in Darjeeling town, India. Hydro Nepal, 2018, 22, 16–24.
- Sivanappan, R. K., Rain water harvesting, conservation and management strategies for urban and rural sectors. In National Seminar on Rainwater Harvesting and Water Management, The Institution of Engineers (India), Nagpur, 11–12 November 2006, pp. 1–5.
- Ram, H., Dadhwal, V., Vashist, K. K. and Kaur, H., Grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to irrigation levels and rice straw mulching in North West India. Agric. Water Manage., 2013, 128, 92–101.
- Singh, B., Eberbach, P. L., Humphreys, E. and Kukal, S. S., The effect of rice straw mulch on evapotranspiration, transpiration and soil evaporation of irrigated wheat in Punjab, India. Agric. Water Manage., 2011, 98, 1847–1855.
- Mukherji, A., Boosting water benefits in West Bengal. Success Stories Issue 14. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2012; www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/Success_ Stories
- Das, T. K., Samajdar, T., Mitra, B. and Marak, G., Double transplanting – an indigenous technology practiced by tribal farmers to combat aberrant climatic condition. Indian J. Hill Farm., 2017, 30(2), 238–241.
- Roy, A., Sarkar, M. A. R. and Paul, S. K., Effect of age of seedlings at staggered transplanting and nutrient management on yield performance of aromatic fine rice (cv. BRRI Dhan 38). SAARC J. Agric., 2018, 16(1), 49–59.
- Mohanty, R. K., Jena, S. K., Thakur, A. K. and Patil, D. U., Impact of high-density stocking and selective harvesting on yield and water productivity of deep water rice–fish systems. Agric. Water Manage., 2009, 96, 1844–1850.
- Mandal, K. G. et al., Irrigation water saving techniques for postrainy season crops in Deras minor command. Research Bulletin, No. 58, ICAR-Directorate of Water Management (presently Indian Institute of Water Management), Bhubaneswar, 2013, p. 42.
- Thakur, A. K., Uphoff, N. and Antony, E., An assessment of physiological effects of system of rice intensification (SRI) practices compared with recommended rice cultivation practices in India. Exp. Agric., 2010, 46, 77–98.
- Thakur, A. K., Mohanty, R. K., Singh, R. and Patil, D. U., Enhancing water and cropping productivity through integrated system of rice intensification (ISRI) with aquaculture and horticulture under rainfed conditions. Agric. Water Manage., 2015, 161, 65–76.
- Belder, P. et al., Effect of water saving irrigation on rice yield and water use in typical lowland conditions in Asia. Agric. Water Manage., 2004, 65, 193–210.
- Mandal, K. G. et al., Participatory water management and integrated farming in a canal command. Research Bulletin No. 75, ICARIndian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, 2016, p. 64.
- Antony, E. and Singandhupe, R. B., Impact of drip and surface irrigation on growth, yield and WUE of capsicum (Capsicum annum L.). Agric. Water Manage., 2004, 65, 121–132.
- Mandal, K. G., Thakur, A. K. and Mohanty, S., Paired-row planting and furrow irrigation increased light interception, pod yield and water use efficiency of groundnut in a hot sub-humid climate. Agric. Water Manage., 2019, 213, 968–977.
- Mishra, A., James, B. K., Mohanty, R. K. and Anand, P. S. B., Conservation and efficient utilization of rainwater in the rainfed shallow lowland paddy fields of eastern India. Paddy Water Environ., 2014, 12, 25–34.
- Mishra, A., Ghorai, A. K. and Singh, S. R., Effect of dike height on water, soil and nutrient conservation and rice yield. Research Bulletin No. 5, ICAR–Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region (presently Indian Institute of Water Management), Bhubaneswar, 1997, p. 33.
- Khepar, S. D., Siag, M., Sondhi, S. K., Kumar, S. and Sherring, A., Optimum dike heights for rainfall conservation in paddy fields to control declining water table. J. Inst. Eng. (India): Agric. Eng. Div., 2000, 81, 39–44.
- Mandal, K. G., Kannan, K., Thakur, A. K., Kundu, D. K., Brahmanand, P. S. and Kumar, A., Performance of rice systems, irrigation and organic carbon storage. Cereal Res. Commun., 2014, 42(2), 346–358.
- Carrijo, D. R., Lundy, M. E. and Linquist, B. A., Rice yields and water use under alternate wetting and drying irrigation: a metaanalysis. Field Crops Res., 2017, 203, 173–180.
- Yuan, B. Z., Nishiyama, S. and Kang, Y., Effects of different irrigation regimes on the growth and yield of drip-irrigated potato. Agric. Water Manage., 2003, 63, 153–167.
- Shrivastava, P. K., Parikh, M. M., Sawani, N. G. and Raman, S., Effect of drip irrigation and mulching on tomato yield. Agric. Water Manage., 1994, 25, 179–184.
- Kar, G. and Kumar, A., Effects of irrigation and straw mulch on water use and tuber yield of potato in eastern India. Agric. Water Manage., 2007, 94, 109–116.
- Mandal, K. G., Thakur, A. K. and Mohanty, S., Planting techniques and irrigation influenced crop growth, light interception and yield – evapotranspiration relationship of potato. Int. J. Plant Prod., 2018, 12, 285–296.
- Singh, R., Kundu, D. K., Mohanty, R. K., Ghosh, S., Kumar, A. and Kannan, K., Raised and sunken bed technique for improving water productivity in lowlands. Research Bulletin No. 28, ICAR– Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region (presently Indian Institute of Water Management), Bhubaneswar, 2005, p. 42.
- Tomar, S. S., Tembe, G. P., Sharma, S. K. and Tomar, V. S., Studies on some land management practices for increasing agricultural production in Vertisols of central India. Agric. Water Manage., 1996, 30, 91–106.
- Minhas, P. S., Saline water management for irrigation in India. Agric. Water Manage., 1996, 30, l–24.
- Keil, A., Mitra, A., McDonald, A. and Malik, R. K., Zero-tillage wheat provides stable yield and economic benefits under diverse growing season climates in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains. Int. J. Agric. Sustain., 2020, 18(6), 567–593.
- NABCONS, Agro-climatic zones of West Bengal, NABARD Consultancy Services, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), Kolkata, 2009; http://www.nabcons.com
- HSD, Horticultural Statistics at a Glance-2018, Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers’ Welfare, MoAFW, GoI, 2018; www.agricoop.nic.in
- Sinha, S., Soil and water conservation in West Bengal – status, impacts, policies and programmes with impacts. In Resource Conservation in Eastern Region of India: Lead Papers of FFCSWR2019 (eds Karma, B. et al.), Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservationists, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 2019, pp. 200–207.