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The present study aims at developing a model for simulating ground motion for earthquakes in the Sumatran region where one of the most devastating earthquakes took place in 2004 with a moment magnitude (M_w) of 9.1. With advancements in instrumentation, the three-dimensional material properties, topography and bathymetry of the region are available in the global database. These parameters are used as inputs in Spectral Finite Element Method to simulate ground motions. The model is first validated with the IGCAR broadband velocity data for 2012 M_w 8.6 Sumatra Earthquake. Due to favourable comparison, our model is also used to generate ground displacement characteristics of M_w 9.1 event. The source uncertainties are accounted by using three finite fault slip models available in the global database. The simulated time histories showed that the ground motion is sensitive to input slip models. The peak ground displacement (PGD) and ground residual displacement (GRD) in both horizontal and vertical directions are presented as contour plots. PGD obtained from various slip models in the epicentral region is of the order of 14–22 m in horizontal direction and 7–16 m in vertical direction. GRD in the epicentral region is of the order of 6–17 m in East–West (E–W) 4–17 m in the North–South (N–S) directions. The vertical uplift obtained from various slip models is around 2–8 m. The developed model can be used to simulate ground motion time histories, which can be further used in hazard analysis, tsunami simulations, etc.

Keywords

Ground Motion Time History, Ground Residual Displacement, Peak Ground Displacement, Sunda Arc.

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References

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Deterministic Tsunami Hazard Map for India

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Authors

J. Dhanya ¹, S. T. G. Raghukanth ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 119, No 10 (2020), Pagination: 1641-1651

Abstract

The present work aims to ascertain the deterministic tsunami hazard map for maximum wave height along the Indian coastline due to subduction events in the Sumatra region. The region between 15°S–30°N lat. and 50°E–115°N long. was modelled in using Geoclaw, which discretizes and solves the shallow-water wave equation using adaptive finite volume algorithm. The developed model was suitably validated for the available tidal gauge and altimeter data for the 2004 M_w 9.12 Sumatra earthquake with input source characteristics from the SRCMOD data. Further, a sensitivity study based on slip variability and location was conducted which revealed that near-field stations were highly sensitive at all locations while far-field stations were more sensitive towards source locations. Furthermore, 25 non-Gaussian slip fields were generated for the maximum possible event (M_w 9.12) for the region and placed suitably along the active Sumatra subduction region. Then the wave heights from all the simulations were assembled to determine the deterministic tsunami hazard values with respect to maximum wave heights for the coastal regions of India and adjoining regions. The results will find application in the design of structures along the coastline of the study region.

Keywords

Tsunami, Sumatra Region, India, Hazard, Design of Coastal Structures.

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