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Gusain, H. S.
- Observations of Snow-Meteorological Parameters in Gangotri Glacier Region
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Research and Development Centre, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Research and Development Centre, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 11 (2015), Pagination: 2116-2120Abstract
In this communication analysis of the snow-meteorological parameters recorded in the Gangotri glacier region has been presented. Maximum temperature, minimum temperature, snowfall, snow cover thickness, incoming shortwave radiation flux, reflected shortwave radiation flux and albedo have been recorded at 'Bhojbasa' observation station. Meteorological data of 13 years from 2000 to 2012 have been presented for annual and seasonal variations in temperature, snowfall and snow cover thickness. Winter, premonsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon data have been considered for analysis. Annual mean maximum and minimum temperature are 11.1 ± 0.7°C and -2.3 ± 0.4°C respectively. Mean values of these parameters obtained for winter season are 3.0 ± 1.0°C and -10.4 ± 1.3°C respectively. Mean annual snowfall amount is 257.5 ± 81.6 cm and maximum snow cover thickness varies from 42 to 205 cm for different years. Incoming shortwave radiation flux and reflected shortwave radiation flux have been recorded using pyranometer sensor mounted on automatic weather station, and data for 2012 and 2013 are presented. Incoming shortwave radiation flux and total atmospheric transmissivity have been estimated. Mean annual atmospheric transmissivity is 0.37 at the observation location. Mean seasonal albedo for winter season is observed to be quite high compared to other seasons. Maximum and minimum temperature reveal an increase of 0.9°C and 0.05°C respectively, during the decade. Annual snowfall amount reveals a decrease of 37 cm in the decade. The observed temperature and snowfall patterns during the past 13 years, at the present study location, indicate that trends in Central Himalaya may be in accordance with the observed trends in the Western Himalaya.Keywords
Albedo, Glacier, Snowfall, Snow Cover, Temperature.Full Text
References
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- Dimri, A. P. and Dash, S. K., Winter temperature and precipitation trends in the Siachen Glacier. Curr. Sci., 2010, 98, 1620–1625.
- Gusain, H. S., Chand, D., Thakur, N., Singh, A. and Ganju, A., Snow avalanche climatology of Indian Western Himalaya. In International Symposium on Snow and Avalanches, Manali, 6–10 April 2009.
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- Dimri, A. P. and Dash, S. K., Winter climatic trends in the western Himalaya. Climate Change, 2012, 111, 775–800.
- Gusain, H. S., Mishra, V. D. and Bhutiyani, M. R., Winter temperature and snowfall trends in the cryospheric region of northwest Himalaya. Mausam, 2014, 65(3), 425–432.
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- Temporal Change and Flow Velocity Estimation of Patseo Glacier, Western Himalaya, India
Abstract Views :151 |
PDF Views:16
Authors
K. K. Singh
1,
D. K. Singh
1,
H. S. Negi
1,
A. V. Kulkarni
2,
H. S. Gusain
1,
A. Ganju
1,
K. Babu Govindha Raj
3
Affiliations
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
2 Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
3 Indian Space Research Organization, Head Quarters, New BEL Road, Bengaluru 560 231, IN
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
2 Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
3 Indian Space Research Organization, Head Quarters, New BEL Road, Bengaluru 560 231, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 04 (2018), Pagination: 776-784Abstract
In the present study we estimate the velocity and thickness of the Patseo glacier, Himachal Pradesh, India. The average velocity of the glacier was estimated as ~5.47 m/year using co-registration of optically sensed images and correlation (COSI-Corr) method. The glacier thickness was found to vary between 12 and 278 m, with an average value 59 m. The total glacier ice volume was estimated as ~15.8 × 107 m3, with equivalent water reservoir of ~14.5 × 107 m3. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted during 2004 and 2013 for validation of the estimated glacier thickness. The glacier thickness estimated using COSI-Corr method was found to be in agreement with GPR-retrieved glacier thickness (RMSE = 4.75 m; MAE = 3.74 m). The GPR profiles collected along the same geographic locations on the glacier during 2004 and 2013 showed a reduction in ice thickness of ~1.89 m, and thus resulting in an annual ice thickness decrease of ~0.21 m. The glacier area was estimated for 2004 and 2013 using LISS IV satellite data and found to be ~2.52 and ~2.30 sq. km respectively. This shows an annual reduction of ~0.024 sq. km in glacier area. The total annual loss in glacier ice volume was estimated as ~4.55 × 105 m3. This loss in the glacier ice volume of the Patseo glacier is supported by the snow and meteorological observations collected at a nearby field observatory of Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE). The climate data collected at SASE meteorological observatory at Patseo (3800 m), between 1993–94 and 2014–15 showed an increasing trend in the mean annual temperature and a decreasing trend in winter precipitation.Keywords
Glaciers, Ground Penetrating Radar Surveys, Velocity and Thickness Estimation, Winter Precipitation.Full Text
References
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- Study of a Snow Avalanche Accident Along Chowkibal–Tangdhar Road in Kupwara District, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Abstract Views :157 |
PDF Views:16
Authors
Affiliations
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Sector 37A, Chandigarh 160036,, IN
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Sector 37A, Chandigarh 160036,, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 5 (2018), Pagination: 969-972Abstract
An avalanche accident was occurred on 5 January 2018 on Chowkibal–Tangdhar road in Kupwara district, Jammu and Kashmir about 6 km from Chowkibal village. One light passenger vehicle was swept away in the avalanche and 10 persons lost their lives. In this communication, we study the cause of avalanche accident and simulate the snow avalanche flow using Rapid Mass MovementS model. Total snow depth recorded at the nearest observation location from the accident site was 31 cm and fresh snow of the storm was 24 cm. Avalanche condition on slope was building up and the Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment issued an avalanche warning of ‘Low Danger’ for the Chokibal–Tangdhar road axis. Maximum thickness of avalanche debris on road was observed to be 3.0 m. Flow simulation showed maximum velocity of avalanche to be ~25 ms–1, maximum impact pressure ~9.39 × 104 kg m–1 s–2 and maximum height of avalanche flow ~3.0 m.Keywords
Avalanche Accident, Mountainous Terrain, Snow Storm.Full Text
References
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- Gusain, H. S., Mishra, V. D., Arora, M. K., Mamgain, S. and Singh, D. K., Operational algorithm for generation of snow depth maps from discrete data in Indian Western Himalaya. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 2016, 126, 22–29.
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- Development of Avalanche Information System using Remote Sensing and GIS Technology in the Indian Karakoram Himalaya
Abstract Views :144 |
PDF Views:14
Authors
Affiliations
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Sector 37A, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Sector 37A, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 104-109Abstract
Snow avalanches pose severe threat to lives and property in snow-bound regions of the Western Himalaya. The Karakoram Range in Western Himalaya has the highest mean elevation and is the most glaciated region compared to other ranges. Snowfall in this range is frequent even during summer season. Snow accumulation on mountain slopes results into frequent snow avalanches and several lives have been lost due to snow avalanches in the past. In this communication we discuss about the development of avalanche information system using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technology for the Indian Karakoram Himalaya. High spatial resolution (0.5 m) PLEIADES satellite images and digital elevation model (DEM) of ASTER GDEM V2 (30 m) and Cartosat (10 m) have been used here. Terrain parameters, e.g. slope, aspect, elevation, etc. have been derived using DEM. Sites in avalanche-prone areas have been identified using terrain parameters and snowfall information. Villages in the region, camp locations of borderguarding personnel, pedestrian routes followed by villagers and border-guarding personnel, avalanche sites along pedestrian routes, etc. have been digitized using appropriate GIS vector features, e.g. point, line and polygons. Past avalanche accidents along pedestrian routes, past avalanche occurrences, climatology of the region, etc. have been mapped in GIS environment. Remote sensing and GIS technology proved to be useful for the development of avalanche information system in digital form. The system is being used for avalanche forecasting and mitigation of avalanche hazard in the Indian Karakoram Himalaya.Keywords
Avalanches, Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing, Snowfall.Full Text
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