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Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi, Govindharaj

Imidacloprid Efficacy against Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens under Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature

Abstract Views :172 | PDF Views:27

Authors

Govindharaj Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi ¹, Subhash Chander ¹, Madan Pal Singh ¹, P. S. Soumia ¹, M. Sujithra ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 117, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1199-1206

Abstract

Influence of elevated CO₂ and temperature (elevated condition (EC)) vis-à-vis ambient CO2 and tempera-ture (ambient condition (AC)) on plant (rice) growth, insect Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper (BPH)) population and insecticide (Imidacloprid) efficacy was evaluated under open top chamber conditions. EC had a positive effect on rice crop through increase in tillers numbers (18.4%), reproductive tillers (20.5%) but in-flicted negative effect on 1000-grain weight (11.7%) and grain yield (11.9%). Likewise, higher canopy cover of the plant was noticed under EC (16.1 cm) when compared to AC (12.9 cm). With respect to BPH population during 2013 and 2014, EC exhibited posi-tive effect by enhancing its mean population to 66.1 and 49.4 hoppers hill^–1 respectively, compared to cor-responding 36.8 and 29.5 hoppers hill^–1 under AC. With respect to Imidacloprid efficacy against BPH, LC50 was significantly lower under EC (0.044%) in comparison to AC (0.065). Similarly, in 2013 under AC, 500, 600, 700 l ha^–1 spray volume caused >50% BPH mortality than 400 l ha^–1 at 5 day after spray. However, during the same exposure period under EC, only 700 and 600 l ha^–1 produced more than 50% mortality compared to 500 and 400 l ha^–1. Positive in-fluence of EC on BPH population resulted in signifi-cantly higher yield loss (41.1%) compared to ambient (26.5%) in untreated check. Though LC50 under EC was less, higher canopy size and more BPH population resulted in increase in spray volume to cause similar mortality as of AC. The present results indicated that spray volumes of 400 and 500 l ha^–1 was found insuffi-cient to manage BPH population under EC; hence the current management strategies for BPH needs to be redefined under changing climatic conditions.

Keywords

Basmati Rice, Brown Planthopper, Climate Change, Elevated CO₂, Insecticide.

Full Text

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Predicting the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Potential Distribution Under Climatic Change Scenarios in India

Abstract Views :121 | PDF Views:30

Authors

Govindharaj Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi ¹, Jaipal Singh Choudhary ², Abel Chemura ³, G. Basana-Gowda ¹, Mahendran Annamalai ¹, Naveenkumar Patil ¹, Totan Adak ¹, Prakash Chandra Rath ⁴

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
2 ICAR-RCER, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi 834 010, IN
3 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), A Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, DE
4 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 12 (2021), Pagination: 1600-1609

Abstract

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is the most serious pest of rice across the world. It is also known to transmit stunted viral disease; the insect alone or in combination with a virus causes the breakdown of rice vascular system, leading to economic losses in commercial rice production. Despite its immense economic importance, information on its potential distribution and factors governing the present and future distribution patterns is limited. Thus, in the present study we used maximum entropy modelling with bioclimatic variables to predict the present and future potential distribution of N. lugens in India as an indicator of risk. The predictions were mapped for spatio-temporal variation and area was analysed under suitability ranges. Jackknife analysis indicated that N. lugens geographic distribution was mostly influenced by temperature-based variables that explain up to 68.7% of the distribution, with precipitation factors explaining the rest. Among individual factors, the most important for distribution of N. lugens was annual mean temperature followed by precipitation of coldest quarter and precipitation seasonality. Our results highlight that the highly suitable areas under current climate conditions are 7.3%, whereas all projections show an increase under changing climatic conditions with time up to 2090, and with emission scenarios and a corresponding decrease in low-risk areas. We conclude that climate change increases the risk of N. lugens with increased temperature as it is likely to spread to the previously unsuitable areas in India, demanding adaptation strategies.

Keywords

Climate Change, Maximum Entropy Modeling, Nilaparvata lugens, Potential Distribution, Rice.

Full Text

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Molecular diversity of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) from India based on internal transcribed spacer 1 gene

Abstract Views :92 | PDF Views:34

Authors

Govindharaj Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi ¹, Aashish Kumar Anant ¹, Jaipal Singh Choudhary ², Soumya Bharati Babu ¹, G. Basana-Gowda ¹, M. Annamalai ¹, Naveenkumar Patil ¹, Totan Adak ¹, P. Panneerselvam ¹, Prakash Chandra Rath ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
2 ICAR-RCER Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi 834 010, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 122, No 12 (2022), Pagination: 1392-1400

Abstract

Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is the major pest of rice in India and causes significant yield loss. It causes damage by sucking the plant sap leading to a characteristic symptom called ‘hopper burn’. The present study was undertaken to assess the genetic variability of N. lugens populations from different rice ecologies in India, to comprehend and assist in planning proper management strategies. We evaluated the molecular diversity in 17 N. lugens populations based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITSI) gene sequences. In all, 53 unique haplotypes were identified and their numbers varied from 1 to 10 in the sampled populations. Genetic diversity indices like nucleotide diversity, haplotype number, haplotype diversity and average number of nucleotide differences revealed low to high levels of genetic diversity among the populations. A highly significant negative relation of Fu’s F and Tajima’s D tests with insignificant sum of square deviation (SSD) values indicated possible recent expansion of N. lugens in different Indian regions with a population expansion time of 3.9 million years. A non-significant correlation in isolation pattern by distance indicated that geographic barriers present in India are inadequate to bring genetic differentiation among N. lugens from different migratory populations. In the present study, the ITSI gene sequence was used to analyse genetic structure among N. lugens in India.

Keywords

Genetic Structure, Haplotypes, Molecular Diversity, Nilaparvata Lugens, Rice

Full Text

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