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Mandal, Debashis
- 137Cs–A Potential Environmental Marker for Assessing Erosion-Induced Soil Organic Carbon Loss in India
Abstract Views :244 |
PDF Views:77
Authors
Debashis Mandal
1,
Nishita Giri
1,
Pankaj Srivastava
1,
Chinmay Shah
2,
Ravi Bhushan
2,
Karunakara Naregundi
3,
M. P. Mohan
3,
Manoj Shrivastava
4
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, IN
2 Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN
3 Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangaluru 574 119, IN
4 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, IN
2 Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN
3 Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangaluru 574 119, IN
4 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 5 (2019), Pagination: 865-871Abstract
The use of Cesium-137 (137Cs) as a potential environmental marker was examined for estimating soil erosion induced carbon losses on slopping agricultural land. Depth-wise incremental soil samples were taken from uneroded reference sites and four levels of cultivated slopping lands representing different erosion phase in Doon valley region of India. Comparing the 137Cs inventories for eroded sites with the reference inventory, the erosion rates were computed. The estimated erosion rates were then compared with the actual measured values of erosion at each erosion phase. Since soil erosion preferentially removes the finer soil particles, these results were used to assess erosion induced loss of OC. The result indicated that erosion in different phases relocate 137 kg C ha–1 in slightly eroded plots to 384 kg C ha–1 in severely eroded plots which in turn contributes to 27 to 77 kg C ha–1 the atmosphere as net source of C respectively.Keywords
137Cs Technology, Soil Erosion, Soil Erosion Induced C-Loss, Soil Conservation, Slopping Agricultural Land.Full Text
References
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- 137Cs Technology for Soil Erosion and Soil Carbon Redistribution
Abstract Views :255 |
PDF Views:81
Authors
Affiliations
1 Soil Science and Agronomy Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun 248 195, IN
1 Soil Science and Agronomy Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun 248 195, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 888-889Abstract
137Cs technology has received much attention in the last few years because it can be applied both quickly and efficiently in soil erosion and soil redeposition studies. It is also a unique method for enhancing the efficiency of estimation of soil erosion in eroded and hilly areas. In the process of development of agriculture, 137Cs estimations have become an important tool to reduce soil erosion for boosting food security. The key benefit of using environmental tracers is that they can provide retrospective information on medium-term (~50-yr span, 137Cs) and long-term (~150-yr span, 210Pb) redistribution patterns of soils within the landscapes, without the need for long-term monitoring programmes. 137Cs technology has never been applied to estimate soil redistribution patterns in India, even though there have been severe land-use changes over the past few decades. Here we discuss the importance of 137Cs technology for land degradation, agriculture, food security and carbon sequestration.Full Text
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- Soil Erosion and Policy Initiatives in India
Abstract Views :248 |
PDF Views:78
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, IN
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 6 (2021), Pagination: 1007-1012Abstract
Though soil erosion is a natural phenomenon, the rate of erosion has been increased 10 to 100 times because of land conversion (e.g. land conversion from forest to agriculture) and land management (overgrazing, expansion of cultivation). However, behind this land transformation some, socio-cultural and policy decision acts as drivers. Ancient humans had a good knowledge to prevent soil erosion through terracing even 4000 years ago. The decline of civilizations has been closely linked with the degradation of their resources particularly deforestation, accelerated soil erosion and the decline of crop yields. Historical evidences are crucial and provide alternative proxies about soil erosion in the past. Among the various factors, it is portrayed that natural situations, cultural traditions and socio-economic, and governance played a major role in the dynamics and rates of soil erosion in a long-term perspective. Ensuring harmony and keeping balance with nature is a great challenge in a democratic polity with a fast-expanding market economy.Keywords
Conservation Initiatives, Land Degradation, Soil Erosion.Full Text
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- Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil and water conservation: a potentially unexplored domain
Abstract Views :182 |
PDF Views:77
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, IN
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 10 (2021), Pagination: 1573-1577Abstract
There is a general consensus that nature-based biological measures can be used as a valuable tool to improve land quality. Microbial technology, e.g. use of mycorrhizal fungi, has been considered a beneficial option in the rehabilitation of disturbed and degraded lands. Mycorrhizal fungi are extremely important to improve soil aggregation and in turn the porosity, erodibility and even soil fertility. This article provides an insight into how mycorrhizal fungi might play a role in reclamation and revegetation of degraded lands with special focus on soil and water conservation. External hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can bind the small soil particles into micro aggregates by producing a glycoprotein (glomalin) which alone can account for 30–60% of carbon in undisturbed soils. Glomalin is derived specifically from the hyphae of AMF and has not been reported in any other fungal species. Besides agriculture, the presence of AMF in the grassland and forest ecosystems is also of great significance as it helps in establishment of native plant species, soil improvement and carbon storage. The increasing interest of soil conservationists in this glycoprotein is also highlighted in this article.Keywords
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, carbon storage, degraded lands, glycoprotein, soil and water conservation.Full Text
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