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Evans, D. A.
- Ethnoentomological Values of Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius)
Abstract Views :186 |
PDF Views:104
Authors
V. V. Vidhu
1,
D. A. Evans
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 034, IN
1 Department of Zoology, University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 034, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 572-579Abstract
Adult worker ants and brood of Oecophylla smaragdina are a delicacy in the food of tribal groups residing in the forests of Wayanadu and Kasaragod districts of Kerala, India. These tribes use the crushed body of worker ants to make a sauce which is sour. Adult worker ants possess high formic acid (FA) content in their abdominal poison gland reservoir. Oecophylla brood has no traces of FA, but possesses all the essential amino acids, especially tryptophan, leucine, threonine, methionine and lysine in high concentration. Brood also has high carbohydrate content and very low lipid content. Carbohydrate, protein and lipid exist in a ratio 5 : 2.5 : 1 on wet weight basis. Brood is a rich source of retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, thiamine, niacin and riboflavin, which are present at several times higher concentration than that of the egg of domestic fowl. Among various minerals tested, Na, P, Ca and Mg were present in very high concentration. The tribes made medicated oil using hot extraction of crushed worker ants to treat inflammation of joints and skin infections. Whole-body aqueous extract of worker ants has been shown to have significant antioxidant and anti-arthritic properties. Abdominal gland secretion showed anti-microbial activity against six bacterial and two fungal strains. GC-MS analysis of abdominal glands (Dufour's gland and poison gland) revealed the presence of 39 chemical compounds.Keywords
Antimicrobial Activity, Ethnoentomological Values, Medicated Oils, Oecophylla smaragdina.Full Text
- Mobile Phone Radiation Induces Sedation in Periplaneta americana
Abstract Views :251 |
PDF Views:95
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 034, IN
1 Department of Zoology, University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 034, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 12 (2017), Pagination: 2275-2281Abstract
Exposure of adult male Periplaneta americana to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by mobile phones has resulted in sharp changes in the various enzymes systems of fat body and haematological profile. Sharp decline in the protein content of fat body together with increase of total free amino acids was observed. While the activity of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase showed a significant decrease, that of glutamate pyruvate transaminase showed a sharp increase. The content of glucose and uric acid of fat body showed a sharp increase as well. A proteolytic enzyme, leucine amino peptidase showed significant decrease at the third hour of treatment, but a sharp increase at the sixth hour. Another proteolytic enzyme, cathepsin-D showed significant increase in activity both at third and sixth hour. Content of acetylcholine in the central nervous system showed a sharp increase, and organisms were found to be inert and lethargic after the third hour of EMR treatment. Total haemocyte count showed a sharp decline at the third hour, but a sharp increase at the sixth hour, together with imbalance and fluctuations on differential count. Cytopathological changes evidenced by lack of membrane integrity on plasma membrane and nuclear membrane, particularly on granulocyte were also observed. The present study revealed that continuous exposure to EMR of cell phones can result in widespread effects on the brain, neurons, developing cells and enzyme systems.Keywords
Electromagnetic Radiation, Mobile Phone, Periplaneta americana, Sedation.Full Text
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- Panagopoulos, D. J., Chavdoula, E. D., Karabarbournis, A. and Margaritis, L. H., Comparison of bioactivity between GSM 900MHz and DCS 1800 MHz mobile telephony radiation. Electromagn. Biol. Med., 2007, 26, 33–44.
- Cammaerts, M. C., De Doncker, P., Patris, X., Bellens, F., Rachidi, Z. and Cammaerts, D., GSM 900 MHz radiation inhibits ants association between food sites and encountered cues. Electromagn. Biol. Med., 2012, 31, 151–165.
- Cammaerts, M. C., Rachidi, Z., Bellens, F. and DeDoncker, P., Food collection and response to pheromones in an ant species exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Electromagn. Biol. Med., 2013, 32, 315–332.
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- In vitro and In silico Validation of Anti-Cobra Venom Activity and Identification of Lead Molecules in Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa
Abstract Views :319 |
PDF Views:80
Authors
Affiliations
1 Saraswathy Thangavelu Centre, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Puthenthope, Thiruvananthapuram 695 586, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 034, IN
1 Saraswathy Thangavelu Centre, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Puthenthope, Thiruvananthapuram 695 586, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 034, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 06 (2018), Pagination: 1214-1221Abstract
Venomous snakebite is a global serious health issue and in India high rate of mortality is caused by Naja naja (Indian cobra). To evaluate anti-cobra venom activity and identify lead molecules in Aegle marmelos, in vitro and in silico screening was carried out. Leaves, stem and ischolar_main bark of A. marmelos were extracted in ethanol, methanol and hexane and maximum yield was obtained in methanol. All extracts were used for testing in vitro anti-haemolytic, inhibition of anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-proteolytic activities. The results revealed that ethanol extract of ischolar_main bark has high anti-haemolytic activity, methanol extracts of leaves have the highest inhibitory effect on venom induced anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and ethanol extracts of leaves have maximum anti-proteolytic activity. Docking between 81 phytochemicals from A. marmelos and each of the 14 cobra venom toxic proteins revealed that the plant contains potential molecules for detoxification of all the cobra venom proteins.Keywords
Aegle marmelos, Cobra Venom, Docking, Phytochemicals, Snakebite.Full Text
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- Stigmasterol-3-O-Glucoside, An Allelopathic Molecule Responsible For Pest Resistance of Thenkaali (AAB), a Musa Cultivar against Odoiporus longicollis [Olivier]
Abstract Views :293 |
PDF Views:79
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 034, IN
2 Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, JNTBGRI, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, IN
1 Department of Zoology, University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 034, IN
2 Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, JNTBGRI, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 6 (2020), Pagination: 946-953Abstract
Thenkaali, a Musa cultivar with genetic constitution AAB shows no infestation by Odoiporus longicollis Olivier, the pseudostem borer (PSB) under field conditions. The whole life cycle of this highly destructive pest is completed within the host plants. Thenkaali possesses high content of secondary metabolites such as total phenols, total flavonoids and elevated activity of related enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Rearing of larvae of PSB in the live pseudostem of Thenkaali has resulted in 100% mortality within one week. The pseudostem possesses a larvicidal compound stigma-sterol-3-O-glucoside, a steroid present at very low concentration (less than 0.0001%). The compound induces strong allelopathy on PSB, resulting in haemocytopenia and numerical changes in haemocytes. Other allelopathic changes are hyperprotenemia of haemolymph with changes in protein profile and sharp decrease in total free amino acids. The allelopathic compound induces antagonistic response on two proteolytic enzymes, evidenced by elevation of cathepsin D and inhibition of leucine amino peptidase activity. Imbalance in the activity of aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase results in increased catabolism of amino acids, which leads to sharp increase in the haemolymph uric acid. Toxicity by stigmasterol-3-O-glucoside results in sharp elevation of 20 hydroxy ecdysone in the haemolymph and subsequent disruption of the endocrine system of the larvae might have contributedto cessation of feeding activity and its death.Keywords
Allelopathy, Musacultivars, Odoiporus Longicollis, Pest Resistance, Secondary Metabolites.Full Text
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