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Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M.

Does Recently Invaded Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Displace Native Lepidopteran Pests of Maize in India?

Abstract Views :180 | PDF Views:104

Authors

J. Divya ¹, C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ², H. B. Mallikarjuna ³, Sharanabasappa Deshmukh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, India, IN
3 Department of Agricultural Statistics, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 8 (2021), Pagination: 1358-1367

Abstract

Competitions are common among interacting species for resources or space. In India, recently invaded fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) has to compete with native lepidopterans to become successful in an exotic environment. Invasive FAW and native pink stem borer (PSB), Sesamia inferens belong to the same feeding guild, and hence they are intraguild competitors. FAW is an aggressive pest and is known to have a cannibalism/predation habit and hence a good model system to study the ecological interactions. The present study examined the incidence of different lepidopteran pests in maize fields for three years after the recent invasion. Incidence of FAW increased over the years compared to other lepidopteran pests. Laboratory and field intraguild competition studies were conducted to understand the survival and fitness of FAW and PSB larvae under different competition scenarios. Our study demonstrated that survival of FAW was reduced in intraspecific as compared to interspecific competition. However, survival of PSB was significantly reduced in interspecific competition due to intraguild predation by FAW. Fitness cost analysis of PSB pupae survived in competition with FAW larvae indicated that they were negatively affected with reduced pupal weight. Low field incidence of PSB and its lowest survival in the presence of intraguild competitor, i.e. FAW prove that PSB might get displaced from the maize ecosystem in the near future.

Keywords

Fall Armyworm, Lepidopteran Pests, Intraguild Competition, Species Displacement.

Full Text

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Intrusion Pathway of Invasive Asian Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) from The Neotropics into The Indian Mainland

Abstract Views :181 | PDF Views:79

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ², Ankita Gupta ¹, T. R. Ashika ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Box No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 11 (2021), Pagination: 1778-1781

Abstract

Coptotermes is one of the most widespread subterranean termite genus of economic significance with few species considered as truly invasive. Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) is also known to be invasive and has taxonomic confusion on its correct identity. Originally described from Myanmar, it is considered to occur in North East India and Thailand. However, it is found to cause serious economic losses in some Asian countries, Brazil, the Caribbean islands and peninsular Florida, USA. In the present study, the insect specimens which were recovered from imported wooden packaging material of a consignment at Goa, India, received from Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA have been reported. The termite species received was identified as C. gestroi through morphological characters and DNA barcoding. The possible infliction caused if invasive populations of C. gestroi enters India, in particular southern India, is discussed.

Keywords

Coptotermes gestroi, Intrusion Pathway, Invasive Species, Morphological and Molecular Identification, Subterranean Termites.

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Economic Analysis of Pesticide Expenditure for Managing The Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) by Maize Farmers in Karnataka, India

Abstract Views :192 | PDF Views:76

Authors

Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh ¹, C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ¹, B. M. Prasanna ², H. G. Sannathimmappa ³, B. A. Kavyashree ¹, K. N. Sharath ¹, Palam Pradeep ¹, Kiran Kumar R. Patil ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
2 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, KE
3 Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Kathalagere 577 219, IN
4 Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 11 (2021), Pagination: 1487-1492

Abstract

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) invaded India for the first time in May 2018 in Karnataka and since then has threatened maize production in the country. In this study conducted during 2017–2020, a total of 150 smallholder maize farms were randomly selected and surveyed from three major maize-growing districts in Karnataka for the pesticide usage patterns, pesticide cost and yield. During 2020, FAW infestation level was recorded at 2.15 larvae per 100 plants with an overall Davis damage score of 3.80. Maize farmers used on an average 2.12 pesticide sprays per season for FAW management in the surveyed districts in 2020. Maize yield was 4.46, 3.76, 4.06 and 4.18 tonnes per hectare in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively, and the average cost on pesticides spent by farmers per 100 kg maize grain during the same years was US$ 0.124, US$ 2.04, US$ 1.68 and US$ 1.39 respectively. The study highlights the effect of FAW invasion on pest management regime in the maize crops of Karnataka. Integrated pest management is the need of the hour to reduce the environmental impact of synthetic pesticides use and to protect the incomes and livelihood of the smallholders

Keywords

Economic Analysis, Fall Armyworm, Maize Farmers, Pesticide Expenditure, Yield.

Full Text

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Deshmukh, S. S., Prasanna, B. M., Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M., Jaba, J. and Choudhary, B., Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). In Polyphagous Pests of Crops (ed. Omkar), Springer, Singapore, 2021, pp. 349–372.

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Navik, O. et al., Damage, distribution and natural enemies of invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) under rainfed maize in Karnataka, India. Crop Prot., 2021, 143, 1–7.

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Dileep Kumar, N. T. and Murali Mohan, K., Bio-efficacy of selected insecticides against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), in maize. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 2020, 8(4), 1257–1261.

Deshmukh, S. S. et al., Field efficacy of insecticides for management of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in India. Fla. Entomol., 2020, 103, 221–227.

Seasonal Activity of Spodoptera Frugiperda (j. E. Smith) in Maize Agroecosystem of South India

Abstract Views :156 | PDF Views:108

Authors

Palam Pradeep ¹, Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh ¹, H. G. Sannathimmappa ², C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ¹, Dnyaneshwar M. Firake ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
2 Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Kathalagere 577 219, IN
3 ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune 411 005, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 123, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 81-86

Abstract

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was first detected in India in 2018 and seriously threatened the maize crop. In South India, we studied the population dynamics of FAW moths and the damage caused by the larvae in maize fields from 2019 to 2020. In the kharif season, the highest male moth catches occurred in July while in rabi season, the highest catches occurred in November. It was found that the early whorl stage (EV-V6) of maize crop was susceptible to FAW due to its high larval load, whereas the late whorl stage (V7-VT) of the crop showed greater leaf damage in both years

Keywords

Damage Rating, Fall Armyworm, Maize Crop, Pheromone Trap Catches, Population Fluctuation

Full Text

References

Sharanabasappa, D. et al., First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest on maize in India. Pest Manage. Hortic. Eco-syst., 2018, 24, 23–29.

Firake, D. M. and Behere, G. T., Natural mortality of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize agroecosystems of northeast India. Biol. Con-trol, 2020, 148, 1–11.

Prasanna, B. M. et al., Fall Armyworm in Asia: A Guide for Inte-grated Pest Management, International Maize and Wheat Im-provement Center, Mexico, 2021, 1st edn.

Montezano, D. G. et al., Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. Afr. Entomol., 2018, 26, 286–300.

Firake, D. M. and Behere, G. T., Bioecological attributes and phys-iological indices of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) infesting ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) plants in India. J. Crop Prot., 2020, 137, 105233.

Deshmukh, S. S., Prasanna, B. M., Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M., Jaba, J. and Choudhary, B., Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). In Polyphagous Pests of Crops (ed. Omkar), Springer, Singapore, 2021, pp. 349–372.

FAO, Global monitoring for fall armyworm control, 2020; http:// www.fao.org/fall-armyworm/monitoring-tools/faw-map/en/

Mallapur, C. P. et al., Potentiality of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) infesting maize. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 2018, 6, 1062– 1067.

Suby, S. B. et al., Invasion of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugi-perda) in India: nature, distribution, management and potential im-pact. Curr. Sci., 2020, 119(1), 44–51.

Deshmukh, S. S. et al., Economic analysis of pesticide expenditure for managing the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) by maize farmers in Karnataka, India. Curr. Sci., 2021, 121, 1487–1492.

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Baudron, F., Zaman-Allah, M. A., Chaipa, I., Chari, N. and Chin-wada, P., Understanding the factors influencing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) damage in African smallholder maize fields and quantifying its impact on yield: a case study in Eastern Zimbabwe. Crop Prot., 2019, 120, 141–150.

Cannibalistic Nature and Time of Habitat Occupancy of Invasive Maize Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda are the Key Factors for Competitive Displacement of Native Stem Borer, Sesamia inferens in India

Abstract Views :107 | PDF Views:63

Authors

C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ¹, J. Divya ¹, H. B. Mallikarjuna ², Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh ¹, C. Sunil ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Statistics, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
3 Department of Agronomy, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 3 (2023), Pagination: 348-354

Abstract

Invasion of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has been implicated in reducing the incidence of native stem borers in India. The present study aimed to verify the reasons for the displacement of native stem borers using S. frugiperda and pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Field incidence of FAW and S. inferens was recorded during the 2020 and 2021 wet seasons, indicating negligible field incidence of S. inferens compared to FAW. In controlled greenhouse experiments, the competition was measured by releasing larvae at different densities into the maize whorl and also by varying their release at two-day intervals among the two species tested. In competition assays, the frequency of cannibalism increased with increasing density. The study documents that cannibalistic nature and early habitat occupancy in the whorls by FAW are the key factors involved in reducing the incidence of native stem borer, S. inferens

Keywords

Cannibalistic Nature, Competitive Displacement, Fall Armyworm, Habitat Occupancy, Larval Density, Stem Borer.

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References

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Sharanabasappa, S. D. et al., Economic analysis of pesticide expenditure for managing the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) by maize farmers in Karnataka, India. Curr. Sci., 2021, 121(11), 1487–1491.

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Sublethal Effects of Botanicals on the Growth and Development of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract Views :81 | PDF Views:51

Authors

J. K. Pavana ¹, Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh ¹, H. B. Mallikarjuna ², C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ¹, T. Basavaraj Naik ³, David Mota-Sanchez ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
2 Department of Statistics, College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
3 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
4 Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, MI 48824, US

Source

Current Science, Vol 125, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 52-58

Abstract

The present study aimed to ascertain the sublethal effects of azadirachtin 1 EC, anosom 1 EC, derisom 2 EC and NSKE 5% on biological parameters and nutritional indices of Spodoptera frugiperda. The longest larval and pupal lengths were observed in all the treatments involving botanicals, which also significantly decreased adult longevity, fecundity and egg hatchability. Regarding nutritional indices, larvae treated with anosom recorded the least approximate digestibility index, efficiency of conversion of digested food and efficiency of conversion of ingested food of 64.7%, 13.2% and 8.4% respectively. Additionally, botanicals increased the percentage of defective and malformed adults. Thus, our findings suggest that these botanicals restrain the pests from causing damage and impede their further generations.

Keywords

Biological Parameters, Botanicals, Nutritional Indices, Spodoptera frugiperda, Sublethal Effects.

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Deshmukh, S. S. et al., Economic analysis of pesticide expenditure for managing the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) by maize farmers in Karnataka, India. Curr. Sci., 2021, 121(11), 1487–1492.

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Nutritional Value of Representative Termite Species With an Emphasis On Odontotermes obesus (Rambur)

Abstract Views :83 | PDF Views:54

Authors

M. Ranjith ¹, C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ¹, Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh ¹, G. A. Kavya Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Navile, Shivamogga 577 204, India., IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 2 (2023), Pagination: 257-260

Abstract

Dewinged termite imagoes are considered to be delicious human food around the world. The nutrient composition may vary with respect to the species. In the present study, imagoes of three termite species, viz. Odontotermes obesus, Coptotermes heimi and Microtermes obesi were used to compare their protein composition. Additionally, the commonest species, O. obesus was used for proximate and mineral composition analysis. The nutritional analysis of termites indicated a higher percentage of protein in C. heimi, followed by O. obesus. The proximate analysis of O. obesus imagoes revealed a higher proportion of crude fat followed by crude protein. Macrominerals were recorded in a higher proportion with potassium as one of the major minerals followed by sodium, while in microelements iron and zinc were represented in greater quantities.

Keywords

Coptotermes heimi, Crude Fat, Edible Protein, Imagoes, Microtermes obesi, Nutritional Value, Odontoter-Mes Obesus.

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