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Chittapur, B. M.
- Parasitism Ecology of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) for Commercial Production in the Semi-Arid Tropics
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1 College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi, Yadgir 585 287, IN
2 Directorate of Extension, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 102, IN
1 College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi, Yadgir 585 287, IN
2 Directorate of Extension, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 102, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 4 (2020), Pagination: 699-703Abstract
Successful establishment of a sandalwood plantation is rather difficult due to its complex parasitism ecology and unique silvics of the host species. The present study was therefore undertaken to understand the parasitism ecology of sandalwood under natural population in the semi-arid tropics, covering the northeastern dry zone of Karnataka, India. Sandalwood was found to parasitize on nine different tree species belonging to four families dominated by Leguminosae (six tree species), and the maximum associations occurred with Acacia nilotica. Sandalwood tree requires long-term suitable host not only for mineral nutrients replenishment, but also for water supplementation to maintain plant water potential and minimal composition in above-ground parts apart from sufficient sunlight. Therefore, selection of suitable host assumes significance. A. nilotica and C siamea are preferred hosts, particularly at planting distance of 2.5 m in the semi-arid tropics of India. A planting geometry of 6 m × 6 m or 5 m × 5 m with sandalwood between the host plants at 2.5 to 3.0 m is ideal.Keywords
Ecology, Host Species, Parasitism, Sandalwood, Semi-Arid Tropics.Full Text
- Sandalwood Plantations – Points to Ponder
Abstract Views :190 |
PDF Views:76
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Farm Forestry, College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi, Yadgir 585 287, IN
2 Directorate of Extension, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, IN
1 Division of Farm Forestry, College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi, Yadgir 585 287, IN
2 Directorate of Extension, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 7 (2021), Pagination: 1184-1193Abstract
East Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is one of the precious woods known for sweet fragrant aroma and commercial value in both national and international markets. Besides, its wide adaptability to varied climate, hosts and edaphic conditions have attracted farmers and corporates for commercial venture. Sandalwood being a hemi-ischolar_main parasite, the successful establishment of sandalwood plantation depends on the understanding of parasitism ecology, especially the relations between host and parasite, their ratio and other silviculture techniques. Hence, the present article aims to understand these issues for commercial upscaling. Sandalwood relies largely on host plants for mineral nutrients and water through haustorial connections which act as a physiological and physical bridge between the parasite and the host. It parasitizes over a vast array of plants from grasses to trees, whereas leguminous associations are superior. Deepischolar_mained and slow-growing perennial hosts help in sustained growth. For better yield of heartwood and oil sandalwood should be grown over 15 years, whereas optimum rotation age would be 25–30 years. Sandalwood can be planted either through direct dibbling of seeds near the hosts in the same pit or adjacent to the hosts. Better establishment occurs when sandalwood is grown with potted host followed by secondary hosts in the field. Association of sandalwood and host would be strong when the distance is around 2.5–3 m with host to parasitic ratio of 2 : 1 or 3 : 1. However, questions on parasitism ecology still remain.Keywords
Ecology, Haustoria, Hosts, Parasite, Sandalwood.Full Text
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