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Chaudhary, Anand K.
- Characterization and Comparative Physico-Chemical Studies of Manahshila (Traditionally Used Arsenic Mineral) and the Corresponding Polymorphs of Realgar (As4S4)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Rasa Shastra, Institute of Medical Sciences, Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
2 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
1 Department of Rasa Shastra, Institute of Medical Sciences, Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
2 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 112, No 09 (2017), Pagination: 1936-1941Abstract
This communication presents characterization and comparison of the physico-chemical properties of different varieties of Manahshila with the corresponding polymorphs of realgar. Three varieties of Manahshila have been described in Ayurveda, viz. Shyamangi, Kanavirak and Khandakhya; the last two are acceptable therapeutically. Khandakhya contains high percentage of arsenic than Kanavirak. In this study, both samples of Manahshila have been collected. Their physical and chemical properties have been correlated with the polymorphs of realgar. XRD study classifies Kanavirak as alacranite and Khandakhya as realgar. EDXA study confirms 51.33% and 68.14% of arsenic in alacranite and realgar samples respectively. This work correlates the ancient description of Manahshila with contemporary mineralogical classification (polymorphs) of mineral realgar.Keywords
Alacranite, Manahshila, Physico-Chemical Studies, Polymorphs of Realgar, Mineralogical Classification.References
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- Naveena, K., Doddamani, M. S. and Patgiri, B. J., Pharmaceutical – analytic study of the Ayurvedic purification of Manahshila (realgar). Asian J. Traditional Med., 2012, 7(4), 143–150.
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- Is Mercury Really Toxic? The Way Forward for its Judicious Medicinal Applications Based on the Therapeutic Doctrines of Ayurveda
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Shri Krishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Rauna Khurda, Cholapur, Varanasi 221 101, IN
2 Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
1 Shri Krishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Rauna Khurda, Cholapur, Varanasi 221 101, IN
2 Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 08 (2018), Pagination: 1650-1655Abstract
Mercury-based formulations have been extensively used in Indian and Chinese systems of medicine with high therapeutic index. However, at present mercury is considered as a global pollutant having potent neurotoxic effects. Also, it has been proposed to ban the export, import and manufacture of a range of products containing mercury from 2021. This situation compels one to ponder how mercury-based formulations were safe during ancient times, but are now considered to be toxic. Naturally mercury occurs in three forms, viz. elemental (Hg), inorganic (HgS, HgCl2) and organic (MeHg). Organic mercury is completely absorbed by gastrointestinal tract, and elemental mercury is 75–80% absorbed by the lungs only in vapour state, while 10% of inorganic mercury is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, organic mercury crosses the blood brain barrier and placenta, producing neurotoxic symptoms and foetal toxicity. In Ayurvedic science, mercury is converted only into inorganic form with special stabilization technology and this stabilized mercury is converted to mercuric polysulphides under gastrointestinal conditions, whereas elemental mercury is converted to organic form by specific bacteria. Thus mercury available in the atmosphere is converted into organic form that is highly toxic, while using Ayurvedic methods it is converted to inorganic form having potent therapeutic activity. Judicious and injudicious application of mercury has advantageous and disadvantageous effect respectively.Keywords
Ayurveda, Mercury, Neurotoxic Effects, Pharmacokinetic Profile, Stabilization.References
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- Characterization of Hg-Based Ayurvedic Drug Kajjali:Classical and Contemporary Approaches
Abstract Views :274 |
PDF Views:79
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Rasa Shastra, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi 221 005, IN
2 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
1 Department of Rasa Shastra, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi 221 005, IN
2 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 6 (2018), Pagination: 1174-1178Abstract
This communication presents characterization of Kajjali, a mercury (Hg) based Indian traditional ayurvedic drug, by both ancient and contemporary methodology. For preparation of Kajjali, 225 g each of Shuddha Parada (purified mercury) and ,i>Shuddha Gandhak (purified sulphur), initially purified through traditional methods of purification as described in ayurvedic literature, were manually triturated using stone mortar and pestle until it became a very fine black coloured powder. This preparation process took up to ~78 h. Thereafter, Kajjali was characterized by classical and contemporary methods. Kajjali passed the classical tests like Rekhapurnatwa, Slakshanatwa, Nishchandratwa and Varitara. XRD study confirmed that Kajjali contains mercury sulphide (HgS), identified as metacinnabar (cubic form of HgS), in addition to free sulphur. Composition of Kajjali has been determined by EDXA method, which validated the presence of 88.84% mercury and 11.16% sulphur. SEM studies substantiated particle size distribution of Kajjali, which varied from 60 nm to 2 μm range. Such integration of classical and contemporary studies is important, because such vital medicines should be characterized properly for safety and efficacy before their appropriate use for diseases.Keywords
Kajjali, Metacinnabar, Sulphur, XRD.References
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