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Manikandan, A.

Surface Modification of Titanium and its Alloys for the Enhancement of Osseointegration in Orthopaedics

Abstract Views :371 | PDF Views:118

Authors

Agnes Aruna John ¹, Saravana Kumar Jaganathan ², Eko Supriyanto ³, A. Manikandan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, MY
2 Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, VN
3 IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, MY
4 Department of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bharath University, Chennai 600 073, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 111, No 6 (2016), Pagination: 1003-1015

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloys are the best promising orthopaedic metal transplants. The Young's modulus of Ti and bone are nearer and so Ti implants are known as osseointegrated implants. However, the need for enhancing the osseointegration, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility cannot be ruled out in promoting the Ti as a golden standard. This review describes various surface modifications like acid etching, sand blasting, surface coating, alkali-heat treatment, plasma treatment and ion implantation of Ti-based implants which are the best solutions to promote biocompatibility, osseointegration and ultimately the longevity of implants. In addition, it gives an outline to accomplish the risky task in orthopaedics like recovering skeletal function by replacing the damaged bone for human being survival and it will assist the energetic collaboration of specialists in materials science, chemistry and biology for the quality enhancement.

Keywords

Corrosion Resistance, Osseointegration, Orthopaedics, Titanium and its Alloys, Surface Modification.

Full Text

An Insight into the Putative Role of Victuals Like Honey and its Polyphenols in Breast Cancer

Abstract Views :441 | PDF Views:124

Authors

Aruna Priyadharshni Subramanian ¹, Agnes Aruna John ¹, Muthu Vignesh Vellayappan ¹, Arunpandian Balaji ¹, Saravana Kumar Jaganathan ², A. Manikandan ³, Eko Supriyanto ⁴

Affiliations
1 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, MY
2 Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, VN
3 Department of Chemistry, Bharath University, Chennai 600 073, IN
4 IJNU-TM Cardiovascular Engineering Center, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, MY

Source

Current Science, Vol 112, No 09 (2017), Pagination: 1839-1854

Abstract

Diet plays a crucial role in cancer advancement as well as prevention. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women. Recent research links breast cancer with diet and some evidence for the preventive effect of diet against breast cancer was also documented. The growth of cancer cells is influenced by natural sweetener honey and its multitude of phenolic phytochemical components. Honey has been used medicinally by ancient Greeks and Egyptians and also traditionally exploited in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine. In this paper, the anti-cancer properties of honey and its phytochemical's action against breast cancer have been summarized. They result in apoptosis by enhancing reactive oxygen species level, activating mitochondrial pathway, initiation of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, induction of p53 pathway that finally cause DNA fragmentation. However, there is a necessity for more proteomic and genetic-based experiments to understand its molecular mechanism to promote honey and its phenolic markers as plausible candidates for breast cancer treatment. Further, there is a need for quality check of honey available in the market, which warrants significant investigation by researchers in the food industry to ensure their attributes.

Keywords

Anti-Cancer, Apoptosis, Breast Cancer, Honey, Phenolic.

Full Text

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Allelopathic Potential and Allelochemicals in Different Intercrops for Weed Management in Rainfed Cotton

Abstract Views :418 | PDF Views:114

Authors

Pooja Verma ¹, D. Blaise ¹, J. Annie Sheeba ¹, A. Manikandan ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 6 (2021), Pagination: 1035-1039

Abstract

Allelochemicals released by plants serve as the primary defence by targeting the establishment of weeds and other plants. In this study, 12 different intercrops were assessed over five seasons for total phenol and terpenoid content. A detailed analysis on allelochemi-cals produced was also done using gas chromatog-raphy–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to correlate with their weed suppression efficiency. Total phenol con-tent of intercrops ranged from 6.5 to 17.6 mg g^–1 tissue dry wt, with the highest value in carom followed by sorghum, sunnhemp and marigold. Total terpenoid content of leaf extracts of the intercrops varied from 14.5 to 35.9 μg g^–1 tissue dry wt, wherein pearl millet had maximum terpenoid content (35.9 μg g^–1 tissue dry wt) followed by sunnhemp and sesame. Analysis using GC–MS indicated the presence of some unique as well as common allelochemicals in the experimental intercrops. To correlate the abundance of these allelo-chemicals released from intercrops with their weed suppression competence, relative neighbour effect (RNE) value was determined for each intercrop. Posi-tive RNE values for sunnhemp, pearl millet and sesame indicate their efficiency in effectively reducing weed population than the other intercrops. Thus, in-tercrops with high phenolic, terpenoid and other alle-lochemicals specific to sunnhemp, pearl millet and sesame can be correlated well with weed suppression as perceptible from their RNE values.

Keywords

Allelochemicals, Allelopathic Potential, In-Tercrops, Rainfed Cotton, Relative Neighbour Effect.

Full Text

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Subsoiling and crop rotation improve root growth of Bt-cotton in Vertisols

Abstract Views :232 | PDF Views:126

Authors

D. Blaise ¹, G. Majumdar ¹, A. Manikandan ¹, S. Santosh ¹, K. Velmourougane ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 123, No 7 (2022), Pagination: 874-880

Abstract

Soil compaction is a major physical constraint in cotton production. At present, no information is available on the effects of compaction on the root growth and root anatomy of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Therefore, we studied the effects of subsoiling (shallow (SSS) and deep (DSS)) and crop rotation (pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) – cotton (PCR) and radish (Raphanus sativus) – cotton (RCR)) on the root growth of cotton in deep Vertisols during 2017–19. Subsoiling significantly increased the shoot and root length. The root-to-shoot ratio was maximum in DSS (33%), followed by PCR (29%) at the vegetative stage. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the roots indicated a large number of pores and less contraction of xylem and phloem in the subsoiled and rotation treatments than in the control. Furthermore, the SEM-EDAX spectra indicated a greater abundance of major, secondary and micronutrients in subsoiling and crop rotations compared to the control treatment

Full Text

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