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Carmalin Sophia, A.
- Synthesis of Nano-Porous Carbon from Cellulosic Waste and its Application in Water Disinfection
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PDF Views:77
Authors
Affiliations
1 CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, IN
2 Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala 799 022, IN
3 National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769 008, IN
1 CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, IN
2 Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala 799 022, IN
3 National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769 008, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 111, No 8 (2016), Pagination: 1377-1382Abstract
The present study deals with the preparation of new cellulosic catalyst materials, viz. paper and textile industry waste. Activated nano-carbons were prepared from these waste materials using thermo-chemical method. Nano-silver particles (AgNP) were embedded into the synthesized carbons to incorporate antimicrobial properties. The catalyst materials were characterized using FESEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, etc. The characterization results showed that the materials were nanoporous and silver was uniformly distributed throughout the catalyst. The suitability of the catalyst as an antimicrobial agent was studied using pour plate technique. The main advantages of the disinfecting materials over conventional materials were: (i) only small quantities (mg) of catalysts are required to deactivate microorganism for up to 1 litre of water; (ii) time required for more than 99% disinfection is less (60 min); (iii) carbon has been synthesized from cellulosic wastes which otherwise would pollute the environment, hence it is a waste recycling process. The carbons exhibited more than 99% E. coli removal within 60 min.Keywords
Cellulosic Waste Recycling, Disinfection, E. coli, Nano-Carbon, Nano-Silver.Full Text
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- Microbial Water Desalination and Bio-Electricity Generation - Role of Biomass Carbon
Abstract Views :183 |
PDF Views:95
Authors
Affiliations
1 National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, CSIR, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, IN
1 National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, CSIR, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 111, No 6 (2016), Pagination: 1077-1083Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) are modified microbial fuel cells (MFC) that are energy-sustainable. They use organic matter in wastewater as the energy source for desalination. The electric potential gradient is caused by exoelectrogenic bacteria. A typical MDC has a middle compartment for water desalination between the anode and cathode chambers. Our study reports lab-scale desalination, for evaluating the role of carbon from biomass waste, i.e. coconut shells. Control experiments were performed in the absence of activated carbon. Different initial salt concentrations (25 and 35 gl-1) were investigated. MDC produced a maximum voltage of 460 ± 13 mV simultaneously removing about 83.3 ± 1.3% of Na+ and 57.8 ± 1.1% of Cl-, in the desalination cycle. The control MDC produced a maximum of 260 ± 8 mV and 69.3 ± 2% of Na+ removal and 51 ± 1.5% Cl- removal. These results explain the role of using activated carbon for improved power production and water desalination. The SEM image of the biofilm shows pili (nanowires) with rod-shaped microorganisms. EDAX confirmed the presence of minerals such as Al, P, K, O, N, which may be due to chemical scale formation (especially P, Na and Ca).Keywords
Biomass Carbon, Graphite Electrodes, Microbial Desalination, Microbial Fuel Cell, Potable Water.Full Text