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Jain, A. K.
- Shear Sense Analysis of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Belt and Tectonics of the South Tibetan Detachment System, Alaknanda-Dhauli Ganga Valleys, Uttarakhand Himalaya
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, IN
2 CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee 247 667, IN
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, IN
2 CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee 247 667, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 108, No 6 (2015), Pagination: 1107-1118Abstract
In the central parts of Uttarakhand Himalaya, more than 20 km thick homoclinally NE-dipping Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) Belt is thrust over the Lesser Himalaya Sedimentary Belt along the Main Central Thrust (MCT), and is almost continuously exposed between Helang and Malari along the Alaknanda and Dhauli Ganga valleys. The upper contact of this belt with the Martoli Formation of the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence is demarcated by the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS). The belt is ubiquitously marked by small-scale asymmetrical structures like S-C and S-C' foliation, porphyroclasts and porphyroblasts, mineral fishes, intrafolial folds, duplex structures, ductile-brittle shear zones, and asymmetric shear boudins. Sense of ductile to brittle- ductile shearing has been determined from these structures across the whole belt, the MCT and the STDS, and reveals two phases of shear deformation: (a) an older top-to-SW upwards phase throughout the HHC, having an overall thrust geometry (DS1), and (b) a younger superposed top-to-NE downwards phase with normal fault sense from the middle to upper parts (DS2). These shear senses provide invaluable constraints on various tectonic models currently in use for the evolution of the Himalayan metamorphics.Keywords
Higher Himalayan Crystalline Belt, Shear Structures, Tectonic Models.Full Text
- When did India-Asia Collide and Make the Himalaya?
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee 247 667, IN
1 Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee 247 667, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 106, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 254-266Abstract
Critical evaluation and comparison of the available geological and geochronological data from the northern parts of the Himalaya and Trans-Himalaya mountains highlight that these mountains did not initially evolve by the collision of continents of the Indian and Asian plates. Instead, subducted Tethyan oceanic lithosphere in front of the Indian continent melted to produce the calc-alkaline suite of the Shyok-Dras volcanic arc and the Ladakh batholith. Hence, the Indian plate initially subducted beneath and started building up the then existing intra-oceanic island arc. Timing of the first impingement of the Indian and Asia plates has been better constrained at around 57.5 Ma by comparing (i) the bulk ages from the Ladakh batholith (product of partial melting of the Tethyan oceanic lithosphere) with (ii) the subducted continental lithospheric and UHP metamorphosed Indian crust in the Tso Morari, and (iii) biostratigraphy of the youngest marine sedimentation in Zanskar. Thus, the Himalaya witnessed its first rise and emergence from deeply exhumed terrain in the Tso Morari after around 53 Ma, followed by sequential imbrication of the Indian continental lithosphere and associated exhumation during rise of the Himalayan mountains from north to the south since 45 Ma.Keywords
Batholith, Collision of Plates, Intra-Oceanic Islands Arc, Lithosphere.Full Text
- Early–Middle Eocene Exhumation of the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Batholith, and the India–Asia Convergence
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, IN
2 CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee 247 667, IN
3 Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754 006, IN
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, IN
2 CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee 247 667, IN
3 Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754 006, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 06 (2017), Pagination: 1090-1098Abstract
Very fast Early–Middle Eocene exhumation of theTrans-Himalayan Ladakh Batholith (LB) is revealedby new Rb–Sr biotite and zircon fission-track agesalong with the already published ages on these minerals.Exhumation peaked at 3.5 ± 0.9 mm/a between50–45 Ma (40Ar/39Ar hornblende ages) and 48–45 Ma(Rb–Sr biotite ages) as a consequence of the India–Asia convergence. It was followed by deceleration at arate of 1.2 ± 0.2 mm/a until 43–42 Ma (zircon FT ages),like the Deosai batholith in the west. Exhumationrates finally decreased during Oligocene to a minimumof ~0.1 mm/a before a mild late Miocene–Holocene acceleration. Lower-Middle Eocene exhumationof the LB was tectonically controlled by slabbreak-off of the Neo-Tethys oceanic lithosphere and underthrusting of the Himalayan Metamorphic Belt.Keywords
Early–Middle Eocene Exhumation, Fission Track, Ladakh Batholith, Tectonics.Full Text
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- Migmatization, Granite Generation and Melt Accumulation in the Himalayan Orogenic Channel, Central and Eastern Bhutan
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Authors
Affiliations
1 CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee 247 667, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, IN
3 Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, US
1 CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee 247 667, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, IN
3 Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, US
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 09 (2018), Pagination: 1903-1912Abstract
In Central and Eastern Bhutan Himalaya, the Great Himalayan Sequence (GHS) reveals mesoscopic structures within the migmatite–leucogranite association due to crustal anataxis above the Main Central Thrust (MCT). The first phase of dominant melting generates stromatitic migmatite along the main foliation during high grade of metamorphism, possibly by dehydration melting. Subsequent ductile strike–slip shearing caused in situ melting in dilatational sites to produce structureless, non-foliated patchy leucogranite leucosome as well as in boudin necks and post-tectonic patches. In addition, melt-enhanced deformation caused doming of accumulated melt and subsidiary ductile shear zones on either margins of these domes. Surrounded by biotite-rich melanosome, leucosomes destroy the pre-existing foliation during new anatectic phase, which post-dates earlier stromatitic migmatite. These migmatites are the snapshot of mutual relations between newly-developed migmatite and leucogranite melt, and signify the transportation of Himalayan Orogenic Channel to the extreme south in Central and Eastern Bhutan over the Lesser Himalayan sedimentary belt along the MCT.Keywords
Bhutan, Channel, Himalayan Orogenic Migmatite, Leucogranite.Full Text
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Hyderabad 500 016, IN
2 Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Western Region, Jaipur 302 033, IN
1 Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Hyderabad 500 016, IN
2 Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Western Region, Jaipur 302 033, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 12 (2018), Pagination: 2437-2439Abstract
The Proterozoic Delhi Supergroup rocks of North Delhi Fold Belt (NDFB) is one of the prime targets for base metals, uranium and other economic mineral prospects.Full Text
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