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Biswas, A. K.

Scientific Endeavours for Natural Resource Management in India

Abstract Views :266 | PDF Views:86

Authors

N. K. Lenka ¹, Sangeeta Lenka ¹, A. K. Biswas ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462 038, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 108, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 39-44

Abstract

Natural resource management (NRM) based on scientific principles plays a crucial role for an inclusive and sustainable growth in India. The shrinking per capita natural resources leads to intensive land use and results in further environmental degradation. This calls for developing agroecoregion-specific land-use plans based on homogeneity in soil, water and climatic features in a particular region and managing a particular land unit on watershed basis involving the local community. This article consolidates information on the science-based efforts made by the Government of India through various scientific establishments and science-led development schemes for NRM over time. Despite the existence of a number of institutions for NRM research, there is hardly any coordination across the Departments and Ministries. The missing links in NRM research are discussed in this article keeping in view the emphasis of the government and the importance of natural resources in promoting inclusive and sustainable growth in India.

Keywords

Land Degradation, Matural Resources, Soil and Water Conservation, Watershed Management.

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Soil Degradation Effect on Soil Productivity, Carbon Pools and Soil Enzyme Activity

Abstract Views :277 | PDF Views:94

Authors

Narendra K. Lenka ¹, S. P. Jaiswal ¹, J. K. Thakur ¹, S. Lenka ¹, A. Mandal ¹, A. K. Dwivedi ², B. L. Lakaria ¹, A. K. Biswas ¹, A. K. Shukla ¹, D. S. Yashona ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur 482 004, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 112, No 12 (2017), Pagination: 2434-2439

Abstract

Land degradation is one of the major causes of decline in soil productivity. However, the quantitative relationship between degradation and productivity is not fully understood in soils of India. Thus, an experiment was conducted under a range of native soil organic carbon (SOC) levels in two soil types (Inceptisol and Alfisol) of subtropical India. The SOC content under the treatments was 1.61%, 1.01% and 0.77% in Inceptisol and 0.36%, 0.25% and 0.21% in Alfisol under C₁ (undepleted soil), C₂ (low depletion) and C₃ (medium depletion) treatments respectively. Soybean was grown under each SOC level, with four management practices, viz. (1) control, (2) recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + 10 Mg farmyard manure (FYM) ha^-1, (3) 20 Mg FYM ha^-1 and (4) 150% RDF, in three replicates in a factorial completely randomized design. Results indicated significant and positive effect of both SOC and management treatment on plant biomass yield, labile (KMnO₄ oxidizable) carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), dehydrogenase activity, soil bulk density (BD) and penetration resistance (PR). The plant biomass reduced by 45% and 29% under C₃ (compared to C₁) in Inceptisol and Alfisol respectively. The effect of SOC depletion was conspicuous in Inceptisol. The labile C reduced by 47% and 16% under C₃ in Inceptisol and Alfisol respectively. SMBC showed a corresponding decrease of 33% and 29%. The soil physical properties, viz. BD and PR showed conspicuous effect of SOC depletion. PR increased by 324% and 75% for Inceptisol and Alfisol respectively.

Keywords

Labile Carbon, Soil Degradation and Productivity, Soil Microbial Biomass, Soil Physical Properties.

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References

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Lenka, N. K., Choudhury, P. R., Sudhishri, S., Dass, A. and Patnaik, U. S., Soil aggregation, carbon build up and ischolar_main zone soil moisture in degraded sloping lands under selected agroforestry based rehabilitation systems in eastern India. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 2012, 150, 54–62.

Interactive Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Elevated Temperature on Growth and Yield of Soybean

Abstract Views :202 | PDF Views:94

Authors

Narendra K. Lenka ¹, Sangeeta Lenka ¹, J. K. Thakur ¹, R. Elanchezhian ¹, S. B. Aher ¹, Vidya Simaiya ¹, D. S. Yashona ¹, A. K. Biswas ¹, P. K. Agrawal ², A. K. Patra ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa, KAB-1, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 113, No 12 (2017), Pagination: 2305-2310

Abstract

A field experiment was undertaken in the kharif season of 2016 in open-top chambers to study the individual and combined effects of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature on growth and yield parameters in soybean crop. The soybean (var. JS 20–29) crop was grown under two levels of CO₂ (ambient, 550 ppmv) in combination with two levels of air temperature (ambient, +2.0°C). The five different climate treatments were: open field (OF), ambient chamber (AC), elevated temperature (eT), elevated CO₂ (eC) and elevation of both temperature and CO₂ (eCeT). At the time of sowing, vermicompost @ 2.0 tonnes ha^–1 was applied along with 30 kg N ha^–1 (in the form of urea), 60 kg P₂O₅ ha^–1 (through single super phosphate) and 40 kg K₂O ha^–1 (through muriate of potash) to the soybean crop. Impact of the climate variables was studied in terms of selected plant attributes, viz. plant height, leaf area, biomass, number of pods, number of grains per pod, grain yield and seed index (100 seed weight). Results indicated significant positive effect of elevated CO₂ and temperature on plant growth parameters, pod attributes and grain yield. Compared to AC, leaf area at 50 days after sowing was higher by 143%, 281% and 259% and above-ground biomass at harvest was higher by 47%, 31% and 47% under eC, eT and eCeT treatments respectively. The difference in biomass under OF and AC was not significant. The increase in grain yield over ambient varied from 30% under eT to 51% and 65% under eC and eCeT treatments respectively. The seed index as measured through weight of 100 numbers of seeds, was significantly higher under elevated CO₂ and/or elevated temperature treatments than the ambient chamber and open field treatments.

Keywords

Carbon Dioxide Fertilization, Climate Change, Elevated Temperature, Seed Index, Soybean Biomass.

Full Text

References

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Potassium In Shrink–Swell Soils of India

Abstract Views :254 | PDF Views:84

Authors

Priya P. Gurav ¹, S. K. Ray ², P. L. Choudhari ³, A. O. Shirale ¹, B. P. Meena ¹, A. K. Biswas ¹, A. K. Patra ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Chemistry and Fertility, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 Regional Centre, ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, IN
3 CRAL-International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Development Centre, Asia Program, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 117, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 587-596

Abstract

This article reviews the information regarding potassium (K) status of Indian soils based on research conducted since 1929. The patterns and lacunae regarding potassium consumption in India are also mentioned. The role of minerals in potassium availability vis-à-vis forms of potassium is discussed and elucidated with suitable clay mineralogical evidences. The article also highlights the problems of potassium availability to plants in Indian shrink–swell soils. We have pointed out the inefficacy of the universal method used for assessing plant-available K (1N NH4OAc) in Indian shrink–swell soils, as observed from extensive K response studies. The current practices of assessing only plant-available K is not adequate to detect native changes in soil potassium. This paradoxical situation necessitates revision and revalidation of the existing potassium fertilizer recommendations, which are being adopted since four decades. A holistic research envisaging soil test crop response and mineralogical studies will help in revising potassium evaluation methods in India, leading to judicious fertilizer application by the farmers.

Keywords

Clay Mineralogy, Fertilizers, Mineralogy, Potassium Availability, Swell–shrink Soils.

Full Text

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