Entomophagy is practised on a large scale by the tribal communities in North East India compared to eastern and southern states. Termites, honey bees, grasshoppers, stink bugs, aquatic insects and silkworms are common and preferred insect species because they contain high amount of protein, fat, minerals and vitamins. Silkworms are successfully mass-reared on host plants or laboratory diets for commercial production. Generally, insects meant for food recipes are processed before consumption to improve taste, flavour, palatability and nutritional value which make them comparable with animal products. Thus, entomophagy supports nutritional security and family livelihood of tribal communities during difficult periods of the year.
This review discusses risks for human health due to consumption of insects and emphasizes conservation of at least major insect species collected from nature. Regular bioprospecting revealed a few new species but needs validation of their consumption through regulatory framework. This initiative would boost not only the sale in local markets but also may open new vista for export. Holistic approach and intensive efforts are needed to promote entomophagy in regions other than the North East.