One hundred years of fundamental physics starting with the understanding of the atom, the atomic nucleus and what lies inside have culminated in a theory known as the standard model of high energy physics (SM of HEP). This theory has now been proved to be the correct law of Nature valid down to a length scale of 10-17 cm, nine orders of magnitude smaller than the atomic size, i.e. 10-8 cm. In this theory, the three fundamental forces of Nature, namely electromagnetic, weak and strong forces are incorporated in the dynamics of Yang-Mills gauge field which is a generalization of Maxwell's electrodynamics. So this theory is the fundamental basis of all phenomena resulting from these three forces. SM is a quantum field theory that combines quantum mechanics and special relativity in a mathematically consistent way.
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