An Asian Journal of Soil Science

B. C. Punitha ¹, T. H. Hanumantharaju ², R. Jayaprakash ³, V. M. Shilpashree ⁴

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vignan Kendra, College of Fishery, Manglore (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN
4 N.B.S.S. and L.U.P., Hebbal, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Persistence and degradation of acetamipirid was determined in soils of three different locations of Karnataka viz., Kodagu, Bangalore and Chamarajanagar. The soils were incubated at 25 mg kg^-1 of acetamiprid using soluble powder formulation grade acetamiprid (Star-20) under different moisture regimes air dry, field capacity, submergence and alternate wetting-drying. The persistence of acetamiprid differed in all the three soils. Higher persistence was noticed in Chamarajanagar soil followed by Kodagu and Bangalore soils. Half-life (t_1/2) of acetamiprid was found to be was highest in air dry moisture regime in Chamarajanagar soil (97.6 days) compared to Kodagu soil (96.8 days) and Bangalore soil (95.2 days). The half-life values in field capacity, submergence and alternate wetting-drying are 56.7, 64.5 and 61.8 days (Kodagu), 59.4, 66.7 and 57.7 (Bangalore) and 59.1, 66.7 and 70.8 days (Chamarajanagar) soils, respectively. The degradable pattern of acetamiprid residue followed a close correspondence to first order exponential degradation in all the three soils.

Keywords

Acetamipirid, Field Capacity, Submergence, Alternate Wetting-Drying, Exponential Degradation.

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B. C. Punitha ¹, T. H. Hanumantharaju ², R. Jayaprakash ³, V. M. Shilpashree ⁴

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vignan Kendra, College of Fishery, Manglore (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN
4 N.B.S.S. and L.U.P., Hebbal, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The impact of acetamiprid on selected soil enzymes dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase was studied using surface layer (0-15 cm) samples of movement studies. The samples were taken at different interval (10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 days) under field capacity and the enzyme activities were analyzed for Kodagu, Bangalore and Chamarajanagar soils of Karnataka. Highest inhibition was found on 10^th day incubation compared to initial activity in all the enzymes. The increased activity of all the three enzymes was observed from 20^th day incubation and reached maximum in 60^th day incubation. The highest dehydrogenase activity was recorded in Bangalore soil (58.93 μg TPF g^-1 soil h^-1) and the lowest activity was recorded in Kodagu soil (16.05 ig TPF g^-1 soil h^-1). The highest urease activity was recorded in Bangalore soil (356.66 ig urea g^-1 soil h^-1) and the lowest activity was recorded in Kodagu soil (341.81 ig urea g^-1 soil h^-1). The highest activity of acid phosphatase activity was recorded in Kodagu soil of pH 5.32 (6.23 μg pnitrophenol hydrolyzed g^-1 soil h^-1) followed by Bangalore (4.86 μg p-nitrophenol hydrolyzed g^-1 soil h^-1) and Chamarajanagar (4.63 μg p-nitrophenol hydrolyzed g^-1 soil h^-1) ,respectively. The alkaline phosphatase activity in soil was also high in Chamarajanagar soil of pH 8.1 (7.05 p-NP hydrolyzed μg^-1 soil h^-1), followed by Bangalore soil (5.29 μg p-NP hydrolyzed g^-1 soil h^-1) and Kodagu soil (3.85 μg p-NP hydrolyzed g^-1 soil h^-1).

Keywords

Acetamiprid, Field Capacity, Enzyme Activities, Dehydrogenase, Urease, Phosphatase.

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D. V. Naveen ¹, R. C. Gowda ¹, T. H. Hanumantharaju ¹, T. Bhagyalakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Science, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Sorption studies were conducted with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl using batch equilibration technique and HPLC analysis. Four different paddy growing soils of Kathalagere, Mandya, Mudigere and Mangalore soil of Southern transitional zone, Southern dry zone, Hilly zone and Coastal zones of Southern Karnataka were used in the study with a pH of 7.3, 6.9, 6.1 and 5.8 and organic matter (g kg^-1) of 12.9, 10.9, 6.4 and 10.4, respectively. The sorption isotherm (n) values were 0.104, 0.101, 0.085 and 0.165 for Kathalagere, Mandya, Mudigere and Mangalore soils, respectively. The sorption isotherm for pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was non-linear in all soils, as explained by the Freundlich equation (n < 1.0), indicating differential distribution of site energies for sorption. In general adsorption isotherms fitted well with Freundlich equation (r^-2 > 0.96), and Freundlich constants 'K', 'Koc' and 'K_c' values were in the range from 5.45 to 9.52, 1099.46 to 1436.12 and 32.24 to 49.07 in different soils and described in the order of Kathalagere > Mandya > Mudigere > Mangalore, which is also in the order of decreasing organic matter content in the soils. The coefficient of determination showed an improvement up to 96 per cent using quadratic functions, suggesting a better goodness of fit in preceding pyrazosulfuron-ethyl sorption compared to the linearised form of the Freundlich equation. The cumulative desorption of five days of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in these soils were determined and it ranged from 22.3 to 41.1 mg kg^-1 in Kathalagere soil, 25.6 to 49.4 mg kg^-1 in Mandya soil, 37.1 to 51.9 mg kg^-1 in Mudigere soil and 39.9 to 55.7 mg kg^-1 in Mangalore soil. The desorption was also in decreasing order of Mangalore > Mudigere > Mandya > Kathalagere soils. The sorption of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl increased with increasing organic matter content and was significantly correlated with organic matter content of the soils where as clay content did not greatly affect the sorption as indicated by low regression coefficient.

Keywords

Pyrazosulfuron-Ethyl, Sorption, Freundlich Equation, HPLC.

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K. R. Ashoka ¹, T. H. Hanumantharaju ², Atheefa Munawery ², Chakpram Birendrajit ², D. K. Sandeep Kumar ², M. Manjunath ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Sericulture, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the persistence and degradation of propineb in soils from Malur and Hassan (sandy clay loamy) at 25 and 50 μg g^-1 with field capacity and half-field capacity moisture regimes. The degradation pattern followed the first order kinetics. Degradation of propineb was faster under field capacity than half-field capacity moisture regimes at both rates in both the soils. Higher degradation was noticed in Malur soil than Hassan soil at both the rates of application and moisture regimes. The half-life values ranged from 6.5 to 7.1 days for Malur soil and 6.9 to 7.1 days for Hassan soil when applied at 25 and 50 μg g^-1 of propineb under field capacity. Under half-field capacity the half-life ranged from 7.1 to 7.9 days for Malur soil and 9.1 and 9.8 days when applied at 25 and 50 μg g^-1 of propineb, respectively.

Keywords

Persistence, Degradation, Propineb, Sandy Clay Loam.

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K. R. Ashoka ¹, T. H. Hanumantharaju ¹, M. B. Mahendra Kumar ¹, Chakpram Birendrajit ¹, Atheefa Munawery ¹, P. Veeranagappa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

A season study (December 2008 to march 2009) was undertaken with potato crop and was found that propineb residue degraded faster in potato under field condition when applied at 1400 and 2800 g a.i ha^-1. However, the propineb was noticed in soil on the day of propineb spray. Degradation was faster at lower dose of than higher dose of application with the half-life values of 2.3 and 2.5 days. The safe waiting period of 3.3 and 4.3 days was recommended for potato when applied at 1400 and 2800 g a.i ha^-1 of propineb.

Keywords

Propineb, Potato, Degradation, Bisdithiocarbamate.

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D. K. Sandeep Kumar ¹, T. H. Hanumantharaju ¹, K. G. Shilpa Shree ¹, K. R. Ashoka ¹, C. N. Nalina ¹, S. Sheela Rani ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Persistence of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was studied in three different soils (Shimoga, Mandya and Chamrajanagar) of Karnataka under three moisture regimes (maximum water holding capacity, half maximum water holding capacity and submergence). The persistence of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl indicated a close correspondence to first order exponential degradation kinetics in soils and mainly influenced by soil organic matter and moisture. Faster disappearance was noticed under submergence followed by maximum water holding capacity and half maximum water holding capacity in all soils. Persistence of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was lower in Shimoga soil followed by Chamarajanagar and Mandya under all moisture regimes. Half lives for pyrazosulfuron-ethyl under half maximum water holding capacity, maximum water holding capacity and submergence ranged from 74.6 to 85.5, 57.7 to 62 and 42.9 to 53.8 days, respectively.

Keywords

Persistence, Degradation, Pyrazosulfuron-Ethyl, Maximum Water Holding Capacity, Submergence.

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