Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Sheetal B. Gondkar ¹, Shalaka P. Rasal ¹, Ravindra B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Dendrimers are a interesting class of synthetic macromolecules having highly branched, three dimensional, nanoscale architecture with very low polydispersity and high functionality. These features have made their application in nanotechnology, pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry particularly attractive. This review article is focused on different synthetic strategies used in dendrimer synthesis at commercial and laboratory scale. These synthetic strategies includes their own advantages and disadvantages. This review will cover divergent (from core to surface) and convergent (from surface to core) approaches used in dendrimer synthesis and the problems associated with these synthetic strategies. This article also covers the important applications of dendrimers in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. This data of review is collected from various articles, research papers and patents available on dendrimers.

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Rajashri R. Kulkarni ¹, Dipti G. Phadtare ², Ravindra B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Many of the newly invented drugs are poorly soluble and they create major problems during formulation and shows poor bioavailability. The problem is even more complex for drugs which belong to BCS class 2 category. To overcome these problems nanotechnology is used to improve the solubility as well as bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The reduction of drug particles into submicron range leads to a significant increase in dissolution rate and therefore enhances bioavailability. Nanosuspension contains submicron colloidal dispersion of the pharmaceutical active ingredient particles in a liquid phase stabilized by surfactant. Nanosuspension can be prepared by using stabilizers, organic solvents and other additives such as buffers, salts, polyols, osmogent and cryoprotectant. Nanosuspensions can be delivered by oral, parenteral, pulmonary and ocular routes. Nanosuspensions not only solves the problem of poor solubility and bioavailability but also alter the pharmacokinetics of the drug and thus improving safety and efficacy. This review article mainly focuses on preparation of nanolsuspensions by various techniques with their advantages and disadvantages, formulation consideration, characterization and their applications in drug delivery.

Keywords

Nanosuspension, Bioavailability, Solubility, Nanotechnology, Poorly Soluble Drugs, Drug Delivery.

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Ravindra B. Saudagar ¹, Nachiket S. Dighe ², Deepak S. Musmade ³, Vinayak M. Gaware ⁴, D. A. Jain ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Nashik, M.S., IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Loni-413736, MS, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon, MS, IN
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chincholi, MS, IN
5 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

Selective estrogen receptor modulators are the class of a chemical compounds acting on a estrogen receptors. These are selectively inhibit or stimulate the estrogen like actions in various tissues. SERMs play a key role in breast cancer chemoprevention. These agents antagonize estrogens in some tissues and mimic their action in others. The mechanism for tissue selectivity appears to be related to differences in their molecular and three-dimensional structures, which affect the transcriptional activity of the activated estrogen receptor. For example, tamoxifen and toremifene act as estrogen antagonists in breast tissue and as estrogen agonists in the endometrium. The present review article is directed towards highlighting the importance of SERMs in treatment of breast cancer.

Keywords

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERM’s), Breast Cancer, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT).

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