Asian Journal of Home Science

R. K. Dhanalaxmi ¹, Jyoti V. Vastrad ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Mesta is the name given to the fibres obtained from commercially cultivated species such as Hibiscus cannabinus and Hibiscus sabdariffa, which belongs to the family Malvaceae, harvested at 15 days prior to physiological maturity and physiological maturity stage. Stalks were treated with 2 per cent urea and steeped in horizontal and combination of vertical-horizontal. Fibre was scoured, bleached and dyed using napthol dyes. Dyed fibre was studied for its fastness properties. Study revealed that scoured+bleached+dyed fibres extracted from stalks harvested at physiological maturity stage was good to excellent and poor for the fibres extracted from stalks harvested 15 days prior to maturity. Thus, scoured+bleached+dyed mesta fibres can be utilized in producing textiles and accessories that require minimum or no washing.

Keywords

Mesta Fibre, Harvesting Stage, Urea Treatment, Steeping Method, Wash Fastness, Light Fastness

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Jyoti V. vastrad ¹, Rajashri Kotur ¹, Shameembanua. Byadgi ¹

Affiliations
1 All India Coordinated Research Project on Clothing and Textiles, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Cotton is one of the major cash crops grown in the country. India is the third largest producer of cotton after China and the United States. When cotton is harvested, it is transported to ginning mill for further process. A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibres, from their seeds. Ginning factories discharge large amounts of cotton dust, which leads to decreased pulmonary function in the exposed subjects. The present study was undertaken to study the occupational health hazards among the workers of ginning mill and to study the existing clothing practices of workers. The workers in ginning mill suffer from health problems like eye irritation, coughing, headache, hearing and breathing problems. All these health problems are caused due to inhalation of cotton fibres and dust in work place. In addition to these, hearing impairment among workers may be attributed to exposure of high level noise and also due to nonusage of any kind of functional clothing at work place. Hence, it is necessary to educate the workers regarding health hazards caused due to ginning operations. Further, there is a need to design and construct protective clothes for workers based on their needs and create awareness among the workers for usage of functional clothing.

Keywords

Cotton, Ginning, Health Hazards, Functional Clothing, Awareness

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Renuka I. Ganiger ¹, Jyoti V. Vastrad ¹

Affiliations
1 Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

In recent years, the search for alternative sources of fibres has been increased due to the growing shortage of fibres, where in banana is one among them. Banana plant is highly valued for its fruit, but it also yields vast quantities of biomass. Banana fibres are the essential alternative even expanding the horizon of textiles and they are non-toxic in nature. However, the present study is the outcome of the varieties (Grand Naine and Ney Poovan) of the pseudostem. Research work carried out to know the effect of scouring on strength, elongation and fineness of banana pseudostem fibre. The fibres extracted from pseudostem of banana plant varieties (Grand Naine and Ney Poovan) mechanically using raspador machine. Scouring is one of the most essential processes that are carried out for the natural fibres to remove the unwanted impurities and then vegetable matter. It further enhances the fibre qualities like strength and lustre. The fibres were scoured with 1 per cent, 2 per cent, 3 per cent and 4 per cent NaOH solution at boiling for 45 minutes and finally treated with acetic acid for neutralization, washed thoroughly in plain water and shade dried. The samples were tested for strength and elongation using single yarn tester and fineness was tested using gravimetric method. Results revealed that the fibre scoured with 1 per cent NaOH exhibited higher strength than the control and other concentrations; whereas elongation is found to be higher in 1 per cent and fineness parameters of the treated with 4 per cent concentration of NaOH to be higher than the other samples. Fibres can be utilized in the preparation of value added products and fashion accessories using braiding and carding technique.

Keywords

Banana Pseudostem, Biomass, Fibre, Raspador Machine, Scouring.

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Jyoti V. Vastrad ¹, Vidya V. Sangannavar ¹

Affiliations
1 All India Coordinated Research Project of Home Science (Clothing and Textile), Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Printing is one of the traditional fabric decoration techniques and a creative art nurtured and patronized through centuries. Textile printing is one of the processes of textile industry that causes very high water pollution due to unfixed colour, thickening agent and other ingredients of printing paste which are washed off from the fabric into natural water bodies. An increasing awareness about the realization that the intermediates and chemicals used in synthetic dyes being toxic and hazardous to human health as well as to the environment has led to the increase in demand for nontoxic eco-friendly materials. Hence, in the present study, keeping in view the importance of natural gums in apparel and textile industry, an attempt was made to print the fabric using naturally prepared gum. The printed fabrics were utilized for construction of clothing and home textiles, which were assessed for the acceptability. Questionnaire was designed on five point scale to obtain relevant information from the thirty respondents. The results showed that all the entire natural printed products were highly preferred and appreciated by the respondents.

Keywords

Block Printing, Screen Printing, Cassia tora, Thickener.

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